Techniques for Producing Low-Noise, Improved Efficiency Holograms

K. S. Pennington; J. S. Harper

doi:10.1364/AO.9.001643

Applied Optics
Vol. 9,
Issue 7,
pp. 1643-1650
(1970)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.9.001643

Techniques for Producing Low-Noise, Improved Efficiency Holograms

K. S. Pennington and J. S. Harper

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K. S. Pennington and J. S. Harper, "Techniques for Producing Low-Noise, Improved Efficiency Holograms," Appl. Opt. 9, 1643-1650 (1970)

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Abstract

Photographic processing techniques for producing high efficiency, low noise phase holograms on silver halide emulsions have been investigated. Control of the emulsion and maintenance of the integrity of the holographic record throughout all processing were identified as prime requisites for high quality holographic reconstructions. Holograms have been obtained which yield approximately 30% diffraction efficiency and signal to scattered noise (S/N) in excess of 50:1 in the reconstruction of a diffuse wavefront. Holographic interferometry and ghost imaging with diffuse subjects has also been achieved with these techniques.

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Corrections

K. S. Pennington and J. S. Harper, "Techniques for Producing Low-Noise, Improved Efficiency Holograms. 2: Erratum," Appl. Opt. 9, 2590-2590 (1970)
https://opg.optica.org/ao/abstract.cfm?uri=ao-9-11-2590

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1.	Stress relieve	Plate suspended in enclosed high humidity atmosphere for extended period of time (overnight)
2.	Dry and store	In normal plate box
3.	Expose
4.	Preharden^a	10 min Kodak SH-5 bath—agitate
5.	Wash	3 min in running deionized water
6.	Develop	D-19, 5 min nitrogen burst (4 sec on—10 sec off)
7.	Short-stop	30–60 sec—agitate
8.	Fixer	2–4 min—agitate
9.	Wash	10 min in running deionized water
10.	Cupric halide type bleach^b	Time to clear plus 2 min—agitate
11.	Wash	5 min in running deionized water
12.	50% ethyl alcohol	2 min continuous nitrogen burst
	50% deionized water
13.	75% ethyl alcohol	2 min continuous nitrogen burst
	25% deionized water
14.	90% ethyl alcohol	2 min continuous nitrogen burst
	10% deionized water
15.	Dry	Normal lab atmosphere; 40–60% relative humidity

1.	50 g/l of sodium sulfate, anhydrous
2.	12 g/l of sodium carbonate, monohydrate
3.	40 cc/l of 0.5% antifogging agent (optional)
4.	5 cc/l of formaldehyde (just before using)

Part A	1.	120 g/l of cupric sulfate, crystals
	2.	150 g/l of citric acid, monohydrate
	3.	7.5 g/l of potassium bromide
Part B	3% Hydrogen Peroxide
	Mix 1 Part A to 1 Part B just before using.

Type Bleach	Ratio Beam	Peak Eff. (%)	Equiv. Thruput (%)	S/N
EB-2	4:1	28	56	50:1
Ferricyanide	4:1	14	28	15:1
Mod R-10	4:1	25	50	12:1

1.	Stress relieve	Plate suspended in enclosed high humidity atmosphere for extended period of time (overnight)
2.	Dry and store	In normal plate box
3.	Expose
4.	Preharden^a	10 min Kodak SH-5 bath—agitate
5.	Wash	3 min in running deionized water
6.	Develop	D-19, 5 min nitrogen burst (4 sec on—10 sec off)
7.	Short-stop	30–60 sec—agitate
8.	Fixer	2–4 min—agitate
9.	Wash	10 min in running deionized water
10.	Cupric halide type bleach^b	Time to clear plus 2 min—agitate
11.	Wash	5 min in running deionized water
12.	50% ethyl alcohol	2 min continuous nitrogen burst
	50% deionized water
13.	75% ethyl alcohol	2 min continuous nitrogen burst
	25% deionized water
14.	90% ethyl alcohol	2 min continuous nitrogen burst
	10% deionized water
15.	Dry	Normal lab atmosphere; 40–60% relative humidity

Abstract

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Figures (8)

Tables (2)

Equations (5)

Applied Optics