Abstract

Several kinds of recently advanced microanalytical techniques — like electron probe x-ray microanalysis, laser Raman microprobe, and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy combined with a microsampling method — have been used for the study of the microstructure of gallstones. The organic and inorganic constituents of three kinds of gallstones are characterized on a microscopic scale. The microstructure of a cholesterol-bilirubin gallstone with a layered structure has been studied with particular emphasis. Small white particles contained in both a bilirubin gallstone and a cholesterol-bilirubin mixed gallstone have been found to consist of calcium salt of a fatty acid, probably calcium palmitate. The results obtained here will be very useful for understanding the mechanism of the gallstone-formation process.

Quantitative analysis of gallstones using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Vivek K. Singh, Vinita Singh, Awadhesh K. Rai, Surya N. Thakur, Pradeep K. Rai, and Jagdish P. Singh
Appl. Opt. 47(31) G38-G47 (2008)

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study of molecular interactions in hemoglobin

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Appl. Opt. 17(18) 2985-2990 (1978)

Raman microprobe analysis of preforms and optical fibers

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Appl. Opt. 23(23) 4197-4201 (1984)

Laser-induced oxidation kinetics of bismuth surface microdroplets on GaAsBi studied in situ by Raman microprobe analysis

J. A. Steele and R. A. Lewis
Opt. Express 22(26) 32261-32275 (2014)

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: recent developments

Peter R. Griffiths
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