Abstract
The majority of stationary phases used in gas-liquid and liquid-liquid chromatography are molecular liquids which retain solutes through dispersion, induction, orientation, and hydrogen-bonding interactions. Charge transfer and hydrogen-bonding are specific examples of selective solute-solvent interactions which may be exploited to separate substances of similar volatility. Liquid organic salts possess additional selective intermolecular forces resulting from the presence of charge-bearing groups. Coulombic forces involving ions are strong and can lead to enhanced chromatographic selectivity through ion-dipole interactions between polar solutes and organic salt molecules. Variation of either one or both ions enables selectivity to be controlled. More recently, Poole <i>et al.</i> showed that the viscosity of several binary solvent mixtures containing an organic salt with methanol, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, and tetrahydrofuran was sufficiently low to permit the use of organic salts as mobile phases in liquid chromatography. Maximum utilization of liquid organic salts as chromatographic phases depends on the development of predictive methods for solute retention behavior.
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