Abstract

Raman spectroscopic analysis of kidney stones of mixed composition and of unusual stones is presented. Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze the chemical composition of kidney stones without extraction. A kidney stone sample was irradiated by laser light of 514.5 nm, and the scattered light was analyzed by a Raman spectrometer. The first stone was determined to be a mixture of calcium oxalate dihydrate and hydroxyapatite and the second one to be a mixture of calcium oxalate monohydrate, uric acid, and hydroxyapatite. The third and fourth stones were not mixed-composition stones, but rather stones with unusual composition. One was concluded to be carboxyapatite, and the other was mucoprotein-type stone. The present investigation indicates that Raman spectroscopy is a useful tool for direct analysis of kidney stone without going through the usual procedure of crushing, extracting, and carrying out tedious wet chemical analysis.

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