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Femtosecond infrared intrastromal ablation and backscattering-mode adaptive-optics multiphoton microscopy in chicken corneasEmilio J. Gualda, Javier R. Vázquez de Aldana, M. Carmen Martínez-García, Pablo Moreno, Juan Hernández-Toro, Luis Roso, Pablo Artal, and Juan M. Bueno »View Author Affiliations
Emilio J. Gualda,1
Javier R. Vázquez de Aldana,2
M. Carmen Martínez-García,3
Pablo Moreno,2
Juan Hernández-Toro,2
Luis Roso,4
Pablo Artal,1
and Juan M. Bueno1,*
1Laboratorio de Óptica, Centro de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo (Edificio 34), 30100 Murcia, Spain 2Grupo de Investigación en Microprocesado de Materiales con Láser,Plaza de la Merced s/n, 37008 Salamanca, Spain 3Departamento Biología Celular, Histología y Farmacología,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain 4Centro de Láseres Pulsados Ultracortos y Ultraintensos (CLPU), Plaza de la Merced s/n, 37008 Salamanca, Spain *Corresponding author: bueno@um.es |
Biomedical Optics Express, Vol. 2, Issue 11, pp. 2950-2960 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/BOE.2.002950
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Abstract
The performance of femtosecond (fs) laser intrastromal ablation was evaluated with backscattering-mode adaptive-optics multiphoton microscopy in ex vivo chicken corneas. The pulse energy of the fs source used for ablation was set to generate two different ablation patterns within the corneal stroma at a certain depth. Intrastromal patterns were imaged with a custom adaptive-optics multiphoton microscope to determine the accuracy of the procedure and verify the outcomes. This study demonstrates the potential of using fs pulses as surgical and monitoring techniques to systematically investigate intratissue ablation. Further refinement of the experimental system by combining both functions into a single fs laser system would be the basis to establish new techniques capable of monitoring corneal surgery without labeling in real-time. Since the backscattering configuration has also been optimized, future in vivo implementations would also be of interest in clinical environments involving corneal ablation procedures.
© 2011 OSA
OCIS Codes
(170.1020) Medical optics and biotechnology : Ablation of tissue
(170.3880) Medical optics and biotechnology : Medical and biological imaging
(170.4470) Medical optics and biotechnology : Ophthalmology
(180.4315) Microscopy : Nonlinear microscopy
ToC Category:
Optical Therapies and Photomodificaton
History
Original Manuscript: July 1, 2011
Revised Manuscript: September 27, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: September 27, 2011
Published: October 3, 2011
Virtual Issues
Advances in Optics for Biotechnology, Medicine, and Surgery
(2011) Biomedical Optics Express
Citation
Emilio J. Gualda, Javier R. Vázquez de Aldana, M. Carmen Martínez-García, Pablo Moreno, Juan Hernández-Toro, Luis Roso, Pablo Artal, and Juan M. Bueno, "Femtosecond infrared intrastromal ablation and backscattering-mode adaptive-optics multiphoton microscopy in chicken corneas," Biomed. Opt. Express 2, 2950-2960 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-2-11-2950
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References
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- M. Hao, K. Flynn, C. Nien-Shy, B. E. Jester, M. Winkler, D. J. Brown, O. La Schiazza, J. F. Bille, and J. V. Jester, “In vivo non-linear optical (NLO) imaging in live rabbit eyes using the Heidelberg Two-Photon Laser Ophthalmoscope,” Exp. Eye Res. 91(2), 308–314 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Jay, A. Brocas, K. Singh, J. C. Kieffer, I. Brunette, and T. Ozaki, “Determination of porcine corneal layers with high spatial resolution by simultaneous second and third harmonic generation microscopy,” Opt. Express 16(21), 16284–16293 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Olivié, D. Giguère, F. Vidal, T. Ozaki, J. C. Kieffer, O. Nada, and I. Brunette, “Wavelength dependence of femtosecond laser ablation threshold of corneal stroma,” Opt. Express 16(6), 4121–4129 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- J. M. Bueno, A. Giakoumaki, E. J. Gualda, F. Schaeffel, and P. Artal, “Analysis of the chicken retina with an adaptive optics multiphoton microscope,” Biomed. Opt. Express 2(6), 1637–1648 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Bueno, E. J. Gualda, and P. Artal, “Analysis of corneal stroma organization with wavefront optimized nonlinear microscopy,” Cornea 30(6), 692–701 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Bueno, E. J. Gualda, A. Giakoumaki, P. Pérez-Merino, S. Marcos, and P. Artal, “Multiphoton microscopy of ex vivo corneas after collagen cross-linking,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 52(8), 5325–5331 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Bueno, E. J. Gualda, and P. Artal, “Adaptive optics multiphoton microscopy to study ex vivo ocular tissues,” J. Biomed. Opt. 15(6), 066004 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. J. Gualda, J. M. Bueno, and P. Artal, “Wavefront optimized nonlinear microscopy of ex vivo human retinas,” J. Biomed. Opt. 15(2), 026007 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Ding, W. H. Knox, J. Bühren, L. J. Nagy, and K. R. Huxlin, “Intratissue refractive index shaping (IRIS) of the cornea and lens using a low-pulse-energy femtosecond laser oscillator,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 49(12), 5332–5339 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. J. Campagnola, H. A. Clark, W. A. Mohler, A. Lewis, and L. M. Loew, “Second-harmonic imaging microscopy of living cells,” J. Biomed. Opt. 6(3), 277–286 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Hovhannisyan, A. Ghazaryan, Y. F. Chen, S. J. Chen, and C. Y. Dong, “Photophysical mechanisms of collagen modification by 80 MHz femtosecond laser,” Opt. Express 18(23), 24037–24047 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Hovhannisyan, W. Lo, C. Hu, S. J. Chen, and C. Y. Dong, “Dynamics of femtosecond laser photo-modification of collagen fibers,” Opt. Express 16(11), 7958–7968 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S.-Y. Chen, H.-C. Yu, I.-J. Wang, and C.-K. Sun, “Infrared-based third and second harmonic generation imaging of cornea,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(4), 044012 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. J. Campagnola, H. A. Clark, W. A. Mohler, A. Lewis, and L. M. Loew, “Second-harmonic imaging microscopy of living cells,” J. Biomed. Opt. 6(3), 277–286 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Denk, J. H. Strickler, and W. W. Webb, “Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy,” Science 248(4951), 73–76 (1990). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. J. Nagy, L. Ding, L. Xu, W. H. Knox, and K. R. Huxlin, “Potentiation of femtosecond laser intratissue refractive index shaping (IRIS) in the living cornea with sodium fluorescein,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 51(2), 850–856 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Ding, W. H. Knox, J. Bühren, L. J. Nagy, and K. R. Huxlin, “Intratissue refractive index shaping (IRIS) of the cornea and lens using a low-pulse-energy femtosecond laser oscillator,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 49(12), 5332–5339 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Nuzzo, K. Plamann, M. Savoldelli, M. Merano, D. Donate, O. Albert, P. F. Gardeazábal Rodríguez, G. Mourou, and J. M. Legeais, “In situ monitoring of second-harmonic generation in human corneas to compensate for femtosecond laser pulse attenuation in keratoplasty,” J. Biomed. Opt. 12(6), 064032 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Hovhannisyan, A. Ghazaryan, Y. F. Chen, S. J. Chen, and C. Y. Dong, “Photophysical mechanisms of collagen modification by 80 MHz femtosecond laser,” Opt. Express 18(23), 24037–24047 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Hovhannisyan, W. Lo, C. Hu, S. J. Chen, and C. Y. Dong, “Dynamics of femtosecond laser photo-modification of collagen fibers,” Opt. Express 16(11), 7958–7968 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Wang, W. Lo, C. M. Hsueh, M. S. Hsieh, C. Y. Dong, and F. R. Hu, “Ex vivo multiphoton analysis of rabbit corneal wound healing following conductive keratoplasty,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(3), 034019 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Lubatschowski, G. Maatz, A. Heisterkamp, U. Hetzel, W. Drommer, H. Welling, and W. Ertmer, “Application of ultrashort laser pulses for intrastromal refractive surgery,” Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 238(1), 33–39 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. M. Kurtz, X. Liu, V. M. Elner, J. A. Squier, D. Du, and G. A. Mourou, “Photodisruption in the human cornea as a function of laser pulse width,” J. Refract. Surg. 13(7), 653–658 (1997). [PubMed]
- H. Nakamura, Y. Liu, T. E. Witt, R. J. Gordon, and D. P. Edward, “Femtosecond laser photodisruption of primate trabecular meshwork: an ex vivo study,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 50(3), 1198–1204 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. M. Kurtz, X. Liu, V. M. Elner, J. A. Squier, D. Du, and G. A. Mourou, “Photodisruption in the human cornea as a function of laser pulse width,” J. Refract. Surg. 13(7), 653–658 (1997). [PubMed]
- H. Lubatschowski, G. Maatz, A. Heisterkamp, U. Hetzel, W. Drommer, H. Welling, and W. Ertmer, “Application of ultrashort laser pulses for intrastromal refractive surgery,” Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 238(1), 33–39 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Hao, K. Flynn, C. Nien-Shy, B. E. Jester, M. Winkler, D. J. Brown, O. La Schiazza, J. F. Bille, and J. V. Jester, “In vivo non-linear optical (NLO) imaging in live rabbit eyes using the Heidelberg Two-Photon Laser Ophthalmoscope,” Exp. Eye Res. 91(2), 308–314 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- T. Ripken, U. Oberheide, M. Fromm, S. Schumacher, G. Gerten, and H. Lubatschowski, “fs-Laser induced elasticity changes to improve presbyopic lens accommodation,” Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 246(6), 897–906 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Olivié, D. Giguère, F. Vidal, T. Ozaki, J. C. Kieffer, O. Nada, and I. Brunette, “Wavelength dependence of femtosecond laser ablation threshold of corneal stroma,” Opt. Express 16(6), 4121–4129 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Giguère, G. Olivié, F. Vidal, S. Toetsch, G. Girard, T. Ozaki, J.-C. Kieffer, O. Nada, and I. Brunette, “Laser ablation threshold dependence on pulse duration for fused silica and corneal tissues: experiments and modeling,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24(6), 1562–1568 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Olivié, D. Giguère, F. Vidal, T. Ozaki, J. C. Kieffer, O. Nada, and I. Brunette, “Wavelength dependence of femtosecond laser ablation threshold of corneal stroma,” Opt. Express 16(6), 4121–4129 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Jay, A. Brocas, K. Singh, J. C. Kieffer, I. Brunette, and T. Ozaki, “Determination of porcine corneal layers with high spatial resolution by simultaneous second and third harmonic generation microscopy,” Opt. Express 16(21), 16284–16293 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Giguère, G. Olivié, F. Vidal, S. Toetsch, G. Girard, T. Ozaki, J.-C. Kieffer, O. Nada, and I. Brunette, “Laser ablation threshold dependence on pulse duration for fused silica and corneal tissues: experiments and modeling,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24(6), 1562–1568 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. G. Pallikaris and D. S. Siganos, “Excimer laser in situ keratomileusis and photorefractive keratectomy for correction of high myopia,” J. Refract. Corneal Surg. 10(5), 498–510 (1994). [PubMed]
- I. G. Pallikaris, M. E. Papatzanaki, E. Z. Stathi, O. Frenschock, and A. Georgiadis, “Laser in situ keratomileusis,” Lasers Surg. Med. 10(5), 463–468 (1990). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Vogel, J. Noack, G. Hüttman, and G. Paltauf, “Mechanism of femtosecond laser nanosurgery of cells and tissues,” Appl. Phys. B 81(8), 1015–1047 (2005). [CrossRef]
- I. G. Pallikaris, M. E. Papatzanaki, E. Z. Stathi, O. Frenschock, and A. Georgiadis, “Laser in situ keratomileusis,” Lasers Surg. Med. 10(5), 463–468 (1990). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Bueno, E. J. Gualda, A. Giakoumaki, P. Pérez-Merino, S. Marcos, and P. Artal, “Multiphoton microscopy of ex vivo corneas after collagen cross-linking,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 52(8), 5325–5331 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Nuzzo, K. Plamann, M. Savoldelli, M. Merano, D. Donate, O. Albert, P. F. Gardeazábal Rodríguez, G. Mourou, and J. M. Legeais, “In situ monitoring of second-harmonic generation in human corneas to compensate for femtosecond laser pulse attenuation in keratoplasty,” J. Biomed. Opt. 12(6), 064032 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. G. Wang, I. Riemann, H. Schubert, D. Schweitzer, K. König, and K. J. Halbhuber, “Multiphoton microscopy for monitoring intratissue femtosecond laser surgery effects,” Lasers Surg. Med. 39(6), 527–533 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. G. Wang, I. Riemann, H. Schubert, K. J. Halbhuber, and K. Koenig, “In-vivo intratissue ablation by nanojoule near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses,” Cell Tissue Res. 328(3), 515–520 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Koenig, O. Krauss, and I. Riemann, “Intratissue surgery with 80 MHz nanojoule femtosecond laser pulses in the near infrared,” Opt. Express 10(3), 171–176 (2002). [PubMed]
- T. Ripken, U. Oberheide, M. Fromm, S. Schumacher, G. Gerten, and H. Lubatschowski, “fs-Laser induced elasticity changes to improve presbyopic lens accommodation,” Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 246(6), 897–906 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Vogel, A. Noack, K. Nahen, D. Theisen, R. Birngruber, D. X. Hammer, G. D. Noojin, and B. A. Rockwell, “Laser-induced breakdown in the eye at pulse durations from 80 ns to 100 fs,” Proc. SPIE 3255, 43–49 (1998).
- N. Morishige, A. Kesler-Diaz, A. J. Wahlert, R. M. Kurtz, T. Juhasz, M. Sarayba, and J. V. Jester, “Corneal response to femtosecond laser photodisruption in the rabbit,” Exp. Eye Res. 86(5), 835–843 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Nuzzo, K. Plamann, M. Savoldelli, M. Merano, D. Donate, O. Albert, P. F. Gardeazábal Rodríguez, G. Mourou, and J. M. Legeais, “In situ monitoring of second-harmonic generation in human corneas to compensate for femtosecond laser pulse attenuation in keratoplasty,” J. Biomed. Opt. 12(6), 064032 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. G. Wang, I. Riemann, H. Schubert, D. Schweitzer, K. König, and K. J. Halbhuber, “Multiphoton microscopy for monitoring intratissue femtosecond laser surgery effects,” Lasers Surg. Med. 39(6), 527–533 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. G. Wang, I. Riemann, H. Schubert, K. J. Halbhuber, and K. Koenig, “In-vivo intratissue ablation by nanojoule near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses,” Cell Tissue Res. 328(3), 515–520 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. R. Krueger, S. L. Trokel, and H. D. Schubert, “Interaction of ultraviolet laser light with the cornea,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 26(11), 1455–1464 (1985). [PubMed]
- T. Ripken, U. Oberheide, M. Fromm, S. Schumacher, G. Gerten, and H. Lubatschowski, “fs-Laser induced elasticity changes to improve presbyopic lens accommodation,” Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 246(6), 897–906 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. G. Wang, I. Riemann, H. Schubert, D. Schweitzer, K. König, and K. J. Halbhuber, “Multiphoton microscopy for monitoring intratissue femtosecond laser surgery effects,” Lasers Surg. Med. 39(6), 527–533 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. G. Pallikaris and D. S. Siganos, “Excimer laser in situ keratomileusis and photorefractive keratectomy for correction of high myopia,” J. Refract. Corneal Surg. 10(5), 498–510 (1994). [PubMed]
- L. T. Nordan, S. G. Slade, R. N. Baker, C. Suárez, T. Juhasz, and R. Kurtz, “Femtosecond laser flap creation for laser in situ keratomileusis: six-month follow-up of initial U.S. clinical series,” J. Refract. Surg. 19(1), 8–14 (2003). [PubMed]
- H. K. Soong, S. Mian, O. Abbasi, and T. Juhasz, “Femtosecond laser-assisted posterior lamellar keratoplasty: initial studies of surgical technique in eye bank eyes,” Ophthalmology 112(1), 44–49 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. M. Kurtz, X. Liu, V. M. Elner, J. A. Squier, D. Du, and G. A. Mourou, “Photodisruption in the human cornea as a function of laser pulse width,” J. Refract. Surg. 13(7), 653–658 (1997). [PubMed]
- I. G. Pallikaris, M. E. Papatzanaki, E. Z. Stathi, O. Frenschock, and A. Georgiadis, “Laser in situ keratomileusis,” Lasers Surg. Med. 10(5), 463–468 (1990). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Denk, J. H. Strickler, and W. W. Webb, “Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy,” Science 248(4951), 73–76 (1990). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. T. Nordan, S. G. Slade, R. N. Baker, C. Suárez, T. Juhasz, and R. Kurtz, “Femtosecond laser flap creation for laser in situ keratomileusis: six-month follow-up of initial U.S. clinical series,” J. Refract. Surg. 19(1), 8–14 (2003). [PubMed]
- S.-Y. Chen, H.-C. Yu, I.-J. Wang, and C.-K. Sun, “Infrared-based third and second harmonic generation imaging of cornea,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(4), 044012 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Sun, M. Han, M. H. Niemz, and J. F. Bille, “Femtosecond laser corneal ablation threshold: dependence on tissue depth and laser pulse width,” Lasers Surg. Med. 39(8), 654–658 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Han, G. Giese, L. Zickler, H. Sun, and J. F. Bille, “Mini-invasive corneal surgery and imaging with femtosecond lasers,” Opt. Express 12(18), 4275–4281 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Vogel, A. Noack, K. Nahen, D. Theisen, R. Birngruber, D. X. Hammer, G. D. Noojin, and B. A. Rockwell, “Laser-induced breakdown in the eye at pulse durations from 80 ns to 100 fs,” Proc. SPIE 3255, 43–49 (1998).
- D. Aron-Rosa, J. J. Aron, M. Griesemann, and R. Thyzel, “Use of the neodymium-YAG laser to open the posterior capsule after lens implant surgery: a preliminary report,” J. Am. Intraocul. Implant Soc. 6(4), 352–354 (1980). [PubMed]
- R. R. Krueger, S. L. Trokel, and H. D. Schubert, “Interaction of ultraviolet laser light with the cornea,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 26(11), 1455–1464 (1985). [PubMed]
- G. Olivié, D. Giguère, F. Vidal, T. Ozaki, J. C. Kieffer, O. Nada, and I. Brunette, “Wavelength dependence of femtosecond laser ablation threshold of corneal stroma,” Opt. Express 16(6), 4121–4129 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Giguère, G. Olivié, F. Vidal, S. Toetsch, G. Girard, T. Ozaki, J.-C. Kieffer, O. Nada, and I. Brunette, “Laser ablation threshold dependence on pulse duration for fused silica and corneal tissues: experiments and modeling,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24(6), 1562–1568 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Vogel, J. Noack, G. Hüttman, and G. Paltauf, “Mechanism of femtosecond laser nanosurgery of cells and tissues,” Appl. Phys. B 81(8), 1015–1047 (2005). [CrossRef]
- A. Vogel, A. Noack, K. Nahen, D. Theisen, R. Birngruber, D. X. Hammer, G. D. Noojin, and B. A. Rockwell, “Laser-induced breakdown in the eye at pulse durations from 80 ns to 100 fs,” Proc. SPIE 3255, 43–49 (1998).
- A. Vogel, “Nonlinear absorption: intraocular microsurgery and laser lithotripsy,” Phys. Med. Biol. 42(5), 895–912 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- U. Vossmerbaeumer and J. B. Jonas, “Structure of intracorneal femtosecond laser pulse effects in conical incision profiles,” Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 246(7), 1017–1020 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Morishige, A. Kesler-Diaz, A. J. Wahlert, R. M. Kurtz, T. Juhasz, M. Sarayba, and J. V. Jester, “Corneal response to femtosecond laser photodisruption in the rabbit,” Exp. Eye Res. 86(5), 835–843 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Han, L. Zickler, G. Giese, M. Walter, F. H. Loesel, and J. F. Bille, “Second-harmonic imaging of cornea after intrastromal femtosecond laser ablation,” J. Biomed. Opt. 9(4), 760–766 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. G. Wang, I. Riemann, H. Schubert, D. Schweitzer, K. König, and K. J. Halbhuber, “Multiphoton microscopy for monitoring intratissue femtosecond laser surgery effects,” Lasers Surg. Med. 39(6), 527–533 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. G. Wang, I. Riemann, H. Schubert, K. J. Halbhuber, and K. Koenig, “In-vivo intratissue ablation by nanojoule near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses,” Cell Tissue Res. 328(3), 515–520 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B.-G. Wang and K.-J. Halbhuber, “Corneal multiphoton microscopy and intratissue optical nanosurgery by nanojoule femtosecond near-infrared pulsed lasers,” Ann. Anat. 188(5), 395–409 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S.-Y. Chen, H.-C. Yu, I.-J. Wang, and C.-K. Sun, “Infrared-based third and second harmonic generation imaging of cornea,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(4), 044012 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Wang, W. Lo, C. M. Hsueh, M. S. Hsieh, C. Y. Dong, and F. R. Hu, “Ex vivo multiphoton analysis of rabbit corneal wound healing following conductive keratoplasty,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(3), 034019 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Denk, J. H. Strickler, and W. W. Webb, “Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy,” Science 248(4951), 73–76 (1990). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Lubatschowski, G. Maatz, A. Heisterkamp, U. Hetzel, W. Drommer, H. Welling, and W. Ertmer, “Application of ultrashort laser pulses for intrastromal refractive surgery,” Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 238(1), 33–39 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Hao, K. Flynn, C. Nien-Shy, B. E. Jester, M. Winkler, D. J. Brown, O. La Schiazza, J. F. Bille, and J. V. Jester, “In vivo non-linear optical (NLO) imaging in live rabbit eyes using the Heidelberg Two-Photon Laser Ophthalmoscope,” Exp. Eye Res. 91(2), 308–314 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Nakamura, Y. Liu, T. E. Witt, R. J. Gordon, and D. P. Edward, “Femtosecond laser photodisruption of primate trabecular meshwork: an ex vivo study,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 50(3), 1198–1204 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. J. Nagy, L. Ding, L. Xu, W. H. Knox, and K. R. Huxlin, “Potentiation of femtosecond laser intratissue refractive index shaping (IRIS) in the living cornea with sodium fluorescein,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 51(2), 850–856 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S.-Y. Chen, H.-C. Yu, I.-J. Wang, and C.-K. Sun, “Infrared-based third and second harmonic generation imaging of cornea,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(4), 044012 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Han, L. Zickler, G. Giese, M. Walter, F. H. Loesel, and J. F. Bille, “Second-harmonic imaging of cornea after intrastromal femtosecond laser ablation,” J. Biomed. Opt. 9(4), 760–766 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Han, G. Giese, L. Zickler, H. Sun, and J. F. Bille, “Mini-invasive corneal surgery and imaging with femtosecond lasers,” Opt. Express 12(18), 4275–4281 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Ann. Anat.
- B.-G. Wang and K.-J. Halbhuber, “Corneal multiphoton microscopy and intratissue optical nanosurgery by nanojoule femtosecond near-infrared pulsed lasers,” Ann. Anat. 188(5), 395–409 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Appl. Phys. B
- A. Vogel, J. Noack, G. Hüttman, and G. Paltauf, “Mechanism of femtosecond laser nanosurgery of cells and tissues,” Appl. Phys. B 81(8), 1015–1047 (2005). [CrossRef]
Arch. Ophthalmol.
- M. M. Krasnov, “Q-switched laser goniopuncture,” Arch. Ophthalmol. 92(1), 37–41 (1974). [PubMed]
Biomed. Opt. Express
- J. M. Bueno, A. Giakoumaki, E. J. Gualda, F. Schaeffel, and P. Artal, “Analysis of the chicken retina with an adaptive optics multiphoton microscope,” Biomed. Opt. Express 2(6), 1637–1648 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Cell Tissue Res.
- B. G. Wang, I. Riemann, H. Schubert, K. J. Halbhuber, and K. Koenig, “In-vivo intratissue ablation by nanojoule near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses,” Cell Tissue Res. 328(3), 515–520 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Cornea
- J. M. Bueno, E. J. Gualda, and P. Artal, “Analysis of corneal stroma organization with wavefront optimized nonlinear microscopy,” Cornea 30(6), 692–701 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Exp. Eye Res.
- N. Morishige, A. Kesler-Diaz, A. J. Wahlert, R. M. Kurtz, T. Juhasz, M. Sarayba, and J. V. Jester, “Corneal response to femtosecond laser photodisruption in the rabbit,” Exp. Eye Res. 86(5), 835–843 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Hao, K. Flynn, C. Nien-Shy, B. E. Jester, M. Winkler, D. J. Brown, O. La Schiazza, J. F. Bille, and J. V. Jester, “In vivo non-linear optical (NLO) imaging in live rabbit eyes using the Heidelberg Two-Photon Laser Ophthalmoscope,” Exp. Eye Res. 91(2), 308–314 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol.
- T. Ripken, U. Oberheide, M. Fromm, S. Schumacher, G. Gerten, and H. Lubatschowski, “fs-Laser induced elasticity changes to improve presbyopic lens accommodation,” Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 246(6), 897–906 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- U. Vossmerbaeumer and J. B. Jonas, “Structure of intracorneal femtosecond laser pulse effects in conical incision profiles,” Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 246(7), 1017–1020 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Lubatschowski, G. Maatz, A. Heisterkamp, U. Hetzel, W. Drommer, H. Welling, and W. Ertmer, “Application of ultrashort laser pulses for intrastromal refractive surgery,” Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 238(1), 33–39 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.
- R. R. Krueger, S. L. Trokel, and H. D. Schubert, “Interaction of ultraviolet laser light with the cornea,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 26(11), 1455–1464 (1985). [PubMed]
- L. Ding, W. H. Knox, J. Bühren, L. J. Nagy, and K. R. Huxlin, “Intratissue refractive index shaping (IRIS) of the cornea and lens using a low-pulse-energy femtosecond laser oscillator,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 49(12), 5332–5339 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Nakamura, Y. Liu, T. E. Witt, R. J. Gordon, and D. P. Edward, “Femtosecond laser photodisruption of primate trabecular meshwork: an ex vivo study,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 50(3), 1198–1204 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. J. Nagy, L. Ding, L. Xu, W. H. Knox, and K. R. Huxlin, “Potentiation of femtosecond laser intratissue refractive index shaping (IRIS) in the living cornea with sodium fluorescein,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 51(2), 850–856 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Bueno, E. J. Gualda, A. Giakoumaki, P. Pérez-Merino, S. Marcos, and P. Artal, “Multiphoton microscopy of ex vivo corneas after collagen cross-linking,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 52(8), 5325–5331 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Am. Intraocul. Implant Soc.
- D. Aron-Rosa, J. J. Aron, M. Griesemann, and R. Thyzel, “Use of the neodymium-YAG laser to open the posterior capsule after lens implant surgery: a preliminary report,” J. Am. Intraocul. Implant Soc. 6(4), 352–354 (1980). [PubMed]
J. Biomed. Opt.
- P. J. Campagnola, H. A. Clark, W. A. Mohler, A. Lewis, and L. M. Loew, “Second-harmonic imaging microscopy of living cells,” J. Biomed. Opt. 6(3), 277–286 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Nuzzo, K. Plamann, M. Savoldelli, M. Merano, D. Donate, O. Albert, P. F. Gardeazábal Rodríguez, G. Mourou, and J. M. Legeais, “In situ monitoring of second-harmonic generation in human corneas to compensate for femtosecond laser pulse attenuation in keratoplasty,” J. Biomed. Opt. 12(6), 064032 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Han, L. Zickler, G. Giese, M. Walter, F. H. Loesel, and J. F. Bille, “Second-harmonic imaging of cornea after intrastromal femtosecond laser ablation,” J. Biomed. Opt. 9(4), 760–766 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. J. Gualda, J. M. Bueno, and P. Artal, “Wavefront optimized nonlinear microscopy of ex vivo human retinas,” J. Biomed. Opt. 15(2), 026007 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. M. Bueno, E. J. Gualda, and P. Artal, “Adaptive optics multiphoton microscopy to study ex vivo ocular tissues,” J. Biomed. Opt. 15(6), 066004 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S.-Y. Chen, H.-C. Yu, I.-J. Wang, and C.-K. Sun, “Infrared-based third and second harmonic generation imaging of cornea,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(4), 044012 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Wang, W. Lo, C. M. Hsueh, M. S. Hsieh, C. Y. Dong, and F. R. Hu, “Ex vivo multiphoton analysis of rabbit corneal wound healing following conductive keratoplasty,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(3), 034019 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Opt. Soc. Am. A
- D. Giguère, G. Olivié, F. Vidal, S. Toetsch, G. Girard, T. Ozaki, J.-C. Kieffer, O. Nada, and I. Brunette, “Laser ablation threshold dependence on pulse duration for fused silica and corneal tissues: experiments and modeling,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24(6), 1562–1568 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Refract. Corneal Surg.
- I. G. Pallikaris and D. S. Siganos, “Excimer laser in situ keratomileusis and photorefractive keratectomy for correction of high myopia,” J. Refract. Corneal Surg. 10(5), 498–510 (1994). [PubMed]
J. Refract. Surg.
- L. T. Nordan, S. G. Slade, R. N. Baker, C. Suárez, T. Juhasz, and R. Kurtz, “Femtosecond laser flap creation for laser in situ keratomileusis: six-month follow-up of initial U.S. clinical series,” J. Refract. Surg. 19(1), 8–14 (2003). [PubMed]
- R. M. Kurtz, C. Horvath, H. H. Liu, R. R. Krueger, and T. Juhasz, “Lamellar refractive surgery with scanned intrastromal picosecond and femtosecond laser pulses in animal eyes,” J. Refract. Surg. 14(5), 541–548 (1998). [PubMed]
- R. M. Kurtz, X. Liu, V. M. Elner, J. A. Squier, D. Du, and G. A. Mourou, “Photodisruption in the human cornea as a function of laser pulse width,” J. Refract. Surg. 13(7), 653–658 (1997). [PubMed]
Lasers Surg. Med.
- H. Sun, M. Han, M. H. Niemz, and J. F. Bille, “Femtosecond laser corneal ablation threshold: dependence on tissue depth and laser pulse width,” Lasers Surg. Med. 39(8), 654–658 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. G. Pallikaris, M. E. Papatzanaki, E. Z. Stathi, O. Frenschock, and A. Georgiadis, “Laser in situ keratomileusis,” Lasers Surg. Med. 10(5), 463–468 (1990). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. G. Wang, I. Riemann, H. Schubert, D. Schweitzer, K. König, and K. J. Halbhuber, “Multiphoton microscopy for monitoring intratissue femtosecond laser surgery effects,” Lasers Surg. Med. 39(6), 527–533 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Ophthalmology
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- H. K. Soong, S. Mian, O. Abbasi, and T. Juhasz, “Femtosecond laser-assisted posterior lamellar keratoplasty: initial studies of surgical technique in eye bank eyes,” Ophthalmology 112(1), 44–49 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Express
- M. Han, G. Giese, L. Zickler, H. Sun, and J. F. Bille, “Mini-invasive corneal surgery and imaging with femtosecond lasers,” Opt. Express 12(18), 4275–4281 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Koenig, O. Krauss, and I. Riemann, “Intratissue surgery with 80 MHz nanojoule femtosecond laser pulses in the near infrared,” Opt. Express 10(3), 171–176 (2002). [PubMed]
- G. Olivié, D. Giguère, F. Vidal, T. Ozaki, J. C. Kieffer, O. Nada, and I. Brunette, “Wavelength dependence of femtosecond laser ablation threshold of corneal stroma,” Opt. Express 16(6), 4121–4129 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Hovhannisyan, W. Lo, C. Hu, S. J. Chen, and C. Y. Dong, “Dynamics of femtosecond laser photo-modification of collagen fibers,” Opt. Express 16(11), 7958–7968 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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