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Large-field high-speed polarization sensitive spectral domain OCT and its applications in ophthalmologyStefan Zotter, Michael Pircher, Teresa Torzicky, Bernhard Baumann, Hirofumi Yoshida, Futoshi Hirose, Philipp Roberts, Markus Ritter, Christopher Schütze, Erich Götzinger, Wolfgang Trasischker, Clemens Vass, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth, and Christoph K. Hitzenberger »View Author Affiliations
Stefan Zotter,1,*
Michael Pircher,1
Teresa Torzicky,1
Bernhard Baumann,1
Hirofumi Yoshida,3
Futoshi Hirose,3
Philipp Roberts,2
Markus Ritter,2
Christopher Schütze,2
Erich Götzinger,1
Wolfgang Trasischker,1
Clemens Vass,3
Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth,2
and Christoph K. Hitzenberger1
1Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria 2Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria 3Canon Inc., Tokyo, Japan *Corresponding author: stefan.zotter@meduniwien.ac.at |
Biomedical Optics Express, Vol. 3, Issue 11, pp. 2720-2732 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/BOE.3.002720
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Abstract
We present a novel spectral domain polarization sensitive OCT system (PS-OCT) that operates at an A-scan rate of 70 kHz and supports scan angles of up to 40° × 40°. The high-speed imaging allows the acquisition of up to 1024 × 250 A-scans per 3D scan, which, together with the large field of view, considerably increases the informative value of the images. To demonstrate the excellent performance of the new PS-OCT system, we imaged several healthy volunteers and patients with various diseases such as glaucoma, AMD, Stargardt’s disease, and albinism. The results are compared with clinically established methods such as scanning laser polarimetry and autofluorescence.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(170.0110) Medical optics and biotechnology : Imaging systems
(170.0170) Medical optics and biotechnology : Medical optics and biotechnology
(170.4470) Medical optics and biotechnology : Ophthalmology
(170.4500) Medical optics and biotechnology : Optical coherence tomography
(170.2655) Medical optics and biotechnology : Functional monitoring and imaging
ToC Category:
Optical Coherence Tomography
History
Original Manuscript: June 21, 2012
Revised Manuscript: September 24, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: October 1, 2012
Published: October 3, 2012
Virtual Issues
BIOMED 2012
(2012) Biomedical Optics Express
Citation
Stefan Zotter, Michael Pircher, Teresa Torzicky, Bernhard Baumann, Hirofumi Yoshida, Futoshi Hirose, Philipp Roberts, Markus Ritter, Christopher Schütze, Erich Götzinger, Wolfgang Trasischker, Clemens Vass, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth, and Christoph K. Hitzenberger, "Large-field high-speed polarization sensitive spectral domain OCT and its
applications in ophthalmology," Biomed. Opt. Express 3, 2720-2732 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-3-11-2720
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References
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- B. Baumann, E. Götzinger, M. Pircher, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Single camera based spectral domain polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express15(3), 1054–1063 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- M. Pircher, E. Götzinger, B. Baumann, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Corneal birefringence compensation for polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography of the human retina,” J. Biomed. Opt.12(4), 041210 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- E. Götzinger, M. Pircher, B. Baumann, T. Schmoll, H. Sattmann, R. A. Leitgeb, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Speckle noise reduction in high speed polarization sensitive spectral domain optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express19(15), 14568–14585 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Torzicky, M. Pircher, S. Zotter, M. Bonesi, E. Götzinger, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Automated measurement of choroidal thickness in the human eye by polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express20(7), 7564–7574 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Mujat, B. H. Park, B. Cense, T. C. Chen, and J. F. de Boer, “Autocalibration of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography spectrometers for in vivo quantitative retinal nerve fiber layer birefringence determination,” J. Biomed. Opt.12(4), 041205 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- J. Choi, H. S. Cho, C. H. Lee, and M. S. Kook, “Scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation in the area of apparently normal hemifield in eyes with normal-tension glaucoma,” Ophthalmology113(11), 1954–1960 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Kanamori, A. Nagai-Kusuhara, M. F. Escaño, H. Maeda, M. Nakamura, and A. Negi, “Comparison of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, scanning laser polarimetry and optical coherence tomography to discriminate ocular hypertension and glaucoma at an early stage,” Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol.244(1), 58–68 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. G. Schlanitz, B. Baumann, T. Spalek, C. Schütze, C. Ahlers, M. Pircher, E. Götzinger, C. K. Hitzenberger, and U. Schmidt-Erfurth, “Performance of automated drusen detection by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.52(7), 4571–4579 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- B. Baumann, E. Götzinger, M. Pircher, H. Sattmann, C. Schütze, F. Schlanitz, C. Ahlers, U. Schmidt-Erfurth, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Segmentation and quantification of retinal lesions in age-related macular degeneration using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” J. Biomed. Opt.15(6), 061704 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Ahlers, E. Götzinger, M. Pircher, I. Golbaz, F. Prager, C. Schütze, B. Baumann, C. K. Hitzenberger, and U. Schmidt-Erfurth, “Imaging of the retinal pigment epithelium in age-related macular degeneration using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.51(4), 2149–2157 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Götzinger, M. Pircher, W. Geitzenauer, C. Ahlers, B. Baumann, S. Michels, U. Schmidt-Erfurth, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Retinal pigment epithelium segmentation by polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express16(21), 16410–16422 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. A. Medeiros, G. Vizzeri, L. M. Zangwill, L. M. Alencar, P. A. Sample, and R. N. Weinreb, “Comparison of retinal nerve fiber layer and optic disc imaging for diagnosing glaucoma in patients suspected of having the disease,” Ophthalmology115(8), 1340–1346 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. G. Schlanitz, B. Baumann, T. Spalek, C. Schütze, C. Ahlers, M. Pircher, E. Götzinger, C. K. Hitzenberger, and U. Schmidt-Erfurth, “Performance of automated drusen detection by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.52(7), 4571–4579 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Götzinger, M. Pircher, B. Baumann, T. Schmoll, H. Sattmann, R. A. Leitgeb, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Speckle noise reduction in high speed polarization sensitive spectral domain optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express19(15), 14568–14585 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Baumann, E. Götzinger, M. Pircher, H. Sattmann, C. Schütze, F. Schlanitz, C. Ahlers, U. Schmidt-Erfurth, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Segmentation and quantification of retinal lesions in age-related macular degeneration using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” J. Biomed. Opt.15(6), 061704 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Ahlers, E. Götzinger, M. Pircher, I. Golbaz, F. Prager, C. Schütze, B. Baumann, C. K. Hitzenberger, and U. Schmidt-Erfurth, “Imaging of the retinal pigment epithelium in age-related macular degeneration using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.51(4), 2149–2157 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Götzinger, B. Baumann, M. Pircher, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Polarization maintaining fiber based ultra-high resolution spectral domain polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express17(25), 22704–22717 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Götzinger, M. Pircher, W. Geitzenauer, C. Ahlers, B. Baumann, S. Michels, U. Schmidt-Erfurth, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Retinal pigment epithelium segmentation by polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express16(21), 16410–16422 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Götzinger, M. Pircher, B. Baumann, C. Hirn, C. Vass, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Retinal nerve fiber layer birefringence evaluated with polarization sensitive spectral domain OCT and scanning laser polarimetry: a comparison,” J Biophotonics1(2), 129–139 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Pircher, E. Götzinger, B. Baumann, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Corneal birefringence compensation for polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography of the human retina,” J. Biomed. Opt.12(4), 041210 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Baumann, E. Götzinger, M. Pircher, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Single camera based spectral domain polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express15(3), 1054–1063 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Zhou, J. Reed, R. Betts, P. Trost, P. Lo, C. Wallace, R. Bienias, G. Li, R. Winnick, W. Papworth, and M. Sinai, “Detection of glaucomatous retinal nerve fiber layer damage by scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation,” Proc. SPIE4951, 32–41 (2003). [CrossRef]
- Q. Zhou, J. Reed, R. Betts, P. Trost, P. Lo, C. Wallace, R. Bienias, G. Li, R. Winnick, W. Papworth, and M. Sinai, “Detection of glaucomatous retinal nerve fiber layer damage by scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation,” Proc. SPIE4951, 32–41 (2003). [CrossRef]
- T. Torzicky, M. Pircher, S. Zotter, M. Bonesi, E. Götzinger, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Automated measurement of choroidal thickness in the human eye by polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express20(7), 7564–7574 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Mujat, B. H. Park, B. Cense, T. C. Chen, and J. F. de Boer, “Autocalibration of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography spectrometers for in vivo quantitative retinal nerve fiber layer birefringence determination,” J. Biomed. Opt.12(4), 041205 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Cense, T. C. Chen, B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, and J. F. de Boer, “Thickness and birefringence of healthy retinal nerve fiber layer tissue measured with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.45(8), 2606–2612 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Cense, T. C. Chen, B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, and J. F. de Boer, “Invivo depth-resolved birefringence measurements of the human retinal nerve fiber layer by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Lett.27(18), 1610–1612 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Mujat, B. H. Park, B. Cense, T. C. Chen, and J. F. de Boer, “Autocalibration of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography spectrometers for in vivo quantitative retinal nerve fiber layer birefringence determination,” J. Biomed. Opt.12(4), 041205 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Cense, T. C. Chen, B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, and J. F. de Boer, “Thickness and birefringence of healthy retinal nerve fiber layer tissue measured with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.45(8), 2606–2612 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Cense, T. C. Chen, B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, and J. F. de Boer, “Invivo depth-resolved birefringence measurements of the human retinal nerve fiber layer by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Lett.27(18), 1610–1612 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Choi, H. S. Cho, C. H. Lee, and M. S. Kook, “Scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation in the area of apparently normal hemifield in eyes with normal-tension glaucoma,” Ophthalmology113(11), 1954–1960 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Choi, H. S. Cho, C. H. Lee, and M. S. Kook, “Scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation in the area of apparently normal hemifield in eyes with normal-tension glaucoma,” Ophthalmology113(11), 1954–1960 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. N. Weinreb, A. W. Dreher, A. Coleman, H. Quigley, B. Shaw, and K. Reiter, “Histopathologic validation of Fourier-ellipsometry measurements of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness,” Arch. Ophthalmol.108(4), 557–560 (1990). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Thylefors, A. D. Négrel, R. Pararajasegaram, and K. Y. Dadzie, “Global data on blindness,” Bull. World Health Organ.73(1), 115–121 (1995). [PubMed]
- M. Mujat, B. H. Park, B. Cense, T. C. Chen, and J. F. de Boer, “Autocalibration of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography spectrometers for in vivo quantitative retinal nerve fiber layer birefringence determination,” J. Biomed. Opt.12(4), 041205 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Cense, T. C. Chen, B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, and J. F. de Boer, “Thickness and birefringence of healthy retinal nerve fiber layer tissue measured with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.45(8), 2606–2612 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Cense, T. C. Chen, B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, and J. F. de Boer, “Invivo depth-resolved birefringence measurements of the human retinal nerve fiber layer by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Lett.27(18), 1610–1612 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. F. de Boer, T. E. Milner, M. J. C. van Gemert, and J. S. Nelson, “Two-dimensional birefringence imaging in biological tissue by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Lett.22(12), 934–936 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. W. Dreher, K. Reiter, and R. N. Weinreb, “Spatially resolved birefringence of the retinal nerve fiber layer assessed with a retinal laser ellipsometer,” Appl. Opt.31(19), 3730–3735 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. N. Weinreb, A. W. Dreher, A. Coleman, H. Quigley, B. Shaw, and K. Reiter, “Histopathologic validation of Fourier-ellipsometry measurements of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness,” Arch. Ophthalmol.108(4), 557–560 (1990). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Drexler and J. G. Fujimoto, “State-of-the-art retinal optical coherence tomography,” Prog. Retin. Eye Res.27(1), 45–88 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. F. Fercher, W. Drexler, C. K. Hitzenberger, and T. Lasser, “Optical coherence tomography - principles and applications,” Rep. Prog. Phys.66(2), 239–303 (2003). [CrossRef]
- A. Kanamori, A. Nagai-Kusuhara, M. F. Escaño, H. Maeda, M. Nakamura, and A. Negi, “Comparison of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, scanning laser polarimetry and optical coherence tomography to discriminate ocular hypertension and glaucoma at an early stage,” Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol.244(1), 58–68 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. F. Fercher, W. Drexler, C. K. Hitzenberger, and T. Lasser, “Optical coherence tomography - principles and applications,” Rep. Prog. Phys.66(2), 239–303 (2003). [CrossRef]
- C. K. Hitzenberger, E. Goetzinger, M. Sticker, M. Pircher, and A. F. Fercher, “Measurement and imaging of birefringence and optic axis orientation by phase resolved polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express9(13), 780–790 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Michels, M. Pircher, W. Geitzenauer, C. Simader, E. Götzinger, O. Findl, U. Schmidt-Erfurth, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Value of polarisation-sensitive optical coherence tomography in diseases affecting the retinal pigment epithelium,” Br. J. Ophthalmol.92(2), 204–209 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Pircher, E. Götzinger, O. Findl, S. Michels, W. Geitzenauer, C. Leydolt, U. Schmidt-Erfurth, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Human macula investigated in vivo with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.47(12), 5487–5494 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Pircher, E. Götzinger, R. Leitgeb, H. Sattmann, O. Findl, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Imaging of polarization properties of human retina in vivo with phase resolved transversal PS-OCT,” Opt. Express12(24), 5940–5951 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Drexler and J. G. Fujimoto, “State-of-the-art retinal optical coherence tomography,” Prog. Retin. Eye Res.27(1), 45–88 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. R. Hee, D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Polarization-Sensitive Low-Coherence Reflectometer for Birefringence Characterization and Ranging,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B9(6), 903–908 (1992). [CrossRef]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Michels, M. Pircher, W. Geitzenauer, C. Simader, E. Götzinger, O. Findl, U. Schmidt-Erfurth, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Value of polarisation-sensitive optical coherence tomography in diseases affecting the retinal pigment epithelium,” Br. J. Ophthalmol.92(2), 204–209 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Götzinger, M. Pircher, W. Geitzenauer, C. Ahlers, B. Baumann, S. Michels, U. Schmidt-Erfurth, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Retinal pigment epithelium segmentation by polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express16(21), 16410–16422 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Pircher, E. Götzinger, O. Findl, S. Michels, W. Geitzenauer, C. Leydolt, U. Schmidt-Erfurth, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Human macula investigated in vivo with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.47(12), 5487–5494 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Ahlers, E. Götzinger, M. Pircher, I. Golbaz, F. Prager, C. Schütze, B. Baumann, C. K. Hitzenberger, and U. Schmidt-Erfurth, “Imaging of the retinal pigment epithelium in age-related macular degeneration using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.51(4), 2149–2157 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Torzicky, M. Pircher, S. Zotter, M. Bonesi, E. Götzinger, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Automated measurement of choroidal thickness in the human eye by polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express20(7), 7564–7574 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- F. G. Schlanitz, B. Baumann, T. Spalek, C. Schütze, C. Ahlers, M. Pircher, E. Götzinger, C. K. Hitzenberger, and U. Schmidt-Erfurth, “Performance of automated drusen detection by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.52(7), 4571–4579 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. G. Schlanitz, B. Baumann, T. Spalek, C. Schütze, C. Ahlers, M. Pircher, E. Götzinger, C. K. Hitzenberger, and U. Schmidt-Erfurth, “Performance of automated drusen detection by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.52(7), 4571–4579 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Pircher, C. K. Hitzenberger, and U. Schmidt-Erfurth, “Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography in the human eye,” Prog. Retin. Eye Res.30(6), 431–451 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Baumann, E. Götzinger, M. Pircher, H. Sattmann, C. Schütze, F. Schlanitz, C. Ahlers, U. Schmidt-Erfurth, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Segmentation and quantification of retinal lesions in age-related macular degeneration using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” J. Biomed. Opt.15(6), 061704 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Ahlers, E. Götzinger, M. Pircher, I. Golbaz, F. Prager, C. Schütze, B. Baumann, C. K. Hitzenberger, and U. Schmidt-Erfurth, “Imaging of the retinal pigment epithelium in age-related macular degeneration using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.51(4), 2149–2157 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Michels, M. Pircher, W. Geitzenauer, C. Simader, E. Götzinger, O. Findl, U. Schmidt-Erfurth, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Value of polarisation-sensitive optical coherence tomography in diseases affecting the retinal pigment epithelium,” Br. J. Ophthalmol.92(2), 204–209 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Götzinger, M. Pircher, W. Geitzenauer, C. Ahlers, B. Baumann, S. Michels, U. Schmidt-Erfurth, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Retinal pigment epithelium segmentation by polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express16(21), 16410–16422 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Pircher, E. Götzinger, O. Findl, S. Michels, W. Geitzenauer, C. Leydolt, U. Schmidt-Erfurth, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Human macula investigated in vivo with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.47(12), 5487–5494 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. G. Schlanitz, B. Baumann, T. Spalek, C. Schütze, C. Ahlers, M. Pircher, E. Götzinger, C. K. Hitzenberger, and U. Schmidt-Erfurth, “Performance of automated drusen detection by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.52(7), 4571–4579 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Baumann, E. Götzinger, M. Pircher, H. Sattmann, C. Schütze, F. Schlanitz, C. Ahlers, U. Schmidt-Erfurth, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Segmentation and quantification of retinal lesions in age-related macular degeneration using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” J. Biomed. Opt.15(6), 061704 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Ahlers, E. Götzinger, M. Pircher, I. Golbaz, F. Prager, C. Schütze, B. Baumann, C. K. Hitzenberger, and U. Schmidt-Erfurth, “Imaging of the retinal pigment epithelium in age-related macular degeneration using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.51(4), 2149–2157 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. N. Weinreb, A. W. Dreher, A. Coleman, H. Quigley, B. Shaw, and K. Reiter, “Histopathologic validation of Fourier-ellipsometry measurements of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness,” Arch. Ophthalmol.108(4), 557–560 (1990). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Michels, M. Pircher, W. Geitzenauer, C. Simader, E. Götzinger, O. Findl, U. Schmidt-Erfurth, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Value of polarisation-sensitive optical coherence tomography in diseases affecting the retinal pigment epithelium,” Br. J. Ophthalmol.92(2), 204–209 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Zhou, J. Reed, R. Betts, P. Trost, P. Lo, C. Wallace, R. Bienias, G. Li, R. Winnick, W. Papworth, and M. Sinai, “Detection of glaucomatous retinal nerve fiber layer damage by scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation,” Proc. SPIE4951, 32–41 (2003). [CrossRef]
- F. G. Schlanitz, B. Baumann, T. Spalek, C. Schütze, C. Ahlers, M. Pircher, E. Götzinger, C. K. Hitzenberger, and U. Schmidt-Erfurth, “Performance of automated drusen detection by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.52(7), 4571–4579 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. R. Hee, D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Polarization-Sensitive Low-Coherence Reflectometer for Birefringence Characterization and Ranging,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B9(6), 903–908 (1992). [CrossRef]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Thylefors, A. D. Négrel, R. Pararajasegaram, and K. Y. Dadzie, “Global data on blindness,” Bull. World Health Organ.73(1), 115–121 (1995). [PubMed]
- T. Torzicky, M. Pircher, S. Zotter, M. Bonesi, E. Götzinger, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Automated measurement of choroidal thickness in the human eye by polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express20(7), 7564–7574 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Zhou, J. Reed, R. Betts, P. Trost, P. Lo, C. Wallace, R. Bienias, G. Li, R. Winnick, W. Papworth, and M. Sinai, “Detection of glaucomatous retinal nerve fiber layer damage by scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation,” Proc. SPIE4951, 32–41 (2003). [CrossRef]
- J. F. de Boer, T. E. Milner, M. J. C. van Gemert, and J. S. Nelson, “Two-dimensional birefringence imaging in biological tissue by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Lett.22(12), 934–936 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Götzinger, M. Pircher, B. Baumann, C. Hirn, C. Vass, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Retinal nerve fiber layer birefringence evaluated with polarization sensitive spectral domain OCT and scanning laser polarimetry: a comparison,” J Biophotonics1(2), 129–139 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. A. Medeiros, G. Vizzeri, L. M. Zangwill, L. M. Alencar, P. A. Sample, and R. N. Weinreb, “Comparison of retinal nerve fiber layer and optic disc imaging for diagnosing glaucoma in patients suspected of having the disease,” Ophthalmology115(8), 1340–1346 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Zhou, J. Reed, R. Betts, P. Trost, P. Lo, C. Wallace, R. Bienias, G. Li, R. Winnick, W. Papworth, and M. Sinai, “Detection of glaucomatous retinal nerve fiber layer damage by scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation,” Proc. SPIE4951, 32–41 (2003). [CrossRef]
- F. A. Medeiros, G. Vizzeri, L. M. Zangwill, L. M. Alencar, P. A. Sample, and R. N. Weinreb, “Comparison of retinal nerve fiber layer and optic disc imaging for diagnosing glaucoma in patients suspected of having the disease,” Ophthalmology115(8), 1340–1346 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. W. Dreher, K. Reiter, and R. N. Weinreb, “Spatially resolved birefringence of the retinal nerve fiber layer assessed with a retinal laser ellipsometer,” Appl. Opt.31(19), 3730–3735 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. N. Weinreb, A. W. Dreher, A. Coleman, H. Quigley, B. Shaw, and K. Reiter, “Histopathologic validation of Fourier-ellipsometry measurements of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness,” Arch. Ophthalmol.108(4), 557–560 (1990). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Zhou, J. Reed, R. Betts, P. Trost, P. Lo, C. Wallace, R. Bienias, G. Li, R. Winnick, W. Papworth, and M. Sinai, “Detection of glaucomatous retinal nerve fiber layer damage by scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation,” Proc. SPIE4951, 32–41 (2003). [CrossRef]
- M. Yamanari, M. Miura, S. Makita, T. Yatagai, and Y. Yasuno, “Phase retardation measurement of retinal nerve fiber layer by polarization-sensitive spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and scanning laser polarimetry,” J. Biomed. Opt.13(1), 014013 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Yamanari, M. Miura, S. Makita, T. Yatagai, and Y. Yasuno, “Phase retardation measurement of retinal nerve fiber layer by polarization-sensitive spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and scanning laser polarimetry,” J. Biomed. Opt.13(1), 014013 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Yamanari, M. Miura, S. Makita, T. Yatagai, and Y. Yasuno, “Phase retardation measurement of retinal nerve fiber layer by polarization-sensitive spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and scanning laser polarimetry,” J. Biomed. Opt.13(1), 014013 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. A. Medeiros, G. Vizzeri, L. M. Zangwill, L. M. Alencar, P. A. Sample, and R. N. Weinreb, “Comparison of retinal nerve fiber layer and optic disc imaging for diagnosing glaucoma in patients suspected of having the disease,” Ophthalmology115(8), 1340–1346 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Zhou, J. Reed, R. Betts, P. Trost, P. Lo, C. Wallace, R. Bienias, G. Li, R. Winnick, W. Papworth, and M. Sinai, “Detection of glaucomatous retinal nerve fiber layer damage by scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation,” Proc. SPIE4951, 32–41 (2003). [CrossRef]
- T. Torzicky, M. Pircher, S. Zotter, M. Bonesi, E. Götzinger, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Automated measurement of choroidal thickness in the human eye by polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express20(7), 7564–7574 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Appl. Opt.
- A. W. Dreher, K. Reiter, and R. N. Weinreb, “Spatially resolved birefringence of the retinal nerve fiber layer assessed with a retinal laser ellipsometer,” Appl. Opt.31(19), 3730–3735 (1992). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Arch. Ophthalmol.
- R. N. Weinreb, A. W. Dreher, A. Coleman, H. Quigley, B. Shaw, and K. Reiter, “Histopathologic validation of Fourier-ellipsometry measurements of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness,” Arch. Ophthalmol.108(4), 557–560 (1990). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Br. J. Ophthalmol.
- S. Michels, M. Pircher, W. Geitzenauer, C. Simader, E. Götzinger, O. Findl, U. Schmidt-Erfurth, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Value of polarisation-sensitive optical coherence tomography in diseases affecting the retinal pigment epithelium,” Br. J. Ophthalmol.92(2), 204–209 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Br. J. Ophthalmol.
- H. A. Quigley, “Number of people with glaucoma worldwide,” Br. J. Ophthalmol.80(5), 389–393 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Bull. World Health Organ.
- B. Thylefors, A. D. Négrel, R. Pararajasegaram, and K. Y. Dadzie, “Global data on blindness,” Bull. World Health Organ.73(1), 115–121 (1995). [PubMed]
Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol.
- A. Kanamori, A. Nagai-Kusuhara, M. F. Escaño, H. Maeda, M. Nakamura, and A. Negi, “Comparison of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, scanning laser polarimetry and optical coherence tomography to discriminate ocular hypertension and glaucoma at an early stage,” Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol.244(1), 58–68 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.
- F. G. Schlanitz, B. Baumann, T. Spalek, C. Schütze, C. Ahlers, M. Pircher, E. Götzinger, C. K. Hitzenberger, and U. Schmidt-Erfurth, “Performance of automated drusen detection by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.52(7), 4571–4579 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Pircher, E. Götzinger, O. Findl, S. Michels, W. Geitzenauer, C. Leydolt, U. Schmidt-Erfurth, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Human macula investigated in vivo with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.47(12), 5487–5494 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.
- C. Ahlers, E. Götzinger, M. Pircher, I. Golbaz, F. Prager, C. Schütze, B. Baumann, C. K. Hitzenberger, and U. Schmidt-Erfurth, “Imaging of the retinal pigment epithelium in age-related macular degeneration using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.51(4), 2149–2157 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Cense, T. C. Chen, B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, and J. F. de Boer, “Thickness and birefringence of healthy retinal nerve fiber layer tissue measured with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.45(8), 2606–2612 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J Biophotonics
- E. Götzinger, M. Pircher, B. Baumann, C. Hirn, C. Vass, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Retinal nerve fiber layer birefringence evaluated with polarization sensitive spectral domain OCT and scanning laser polarimetry: a comparison,” J Biophotonics1(2), 129–139 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Biomed. Opt.
- M. Pircher, E. Götzinger, B. Baumann, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Corneal birefringence compensation for polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography of the human retina,” J. Biomed. Opt.12(4), 041210 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Biomed. Opt.
- B. Baumann, E. Götzinger, M. Pircher, H. Sattmann, C. Schütze, F. Schlanitz, C. Ahlers, U. Schmidt-Erfurth, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Segmentation and quantification of retinal lesions in age-related macular degeneration using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” J. Biomed. Opt.15(6), 061704 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Mujat, B. H. Park, B. Cense, T. C. Chen, and J. F. de Boer, “Autocalibration of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography spectrometers for in vivo quantitative retinal nerve fiber layer birefringence determination,” J. Biomed. Opt.12(4), 041205 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Yamanari, M. Miura, S. Makita, T. Yatagai, and Y. Yasuno, “Phase retardation measurement of retinal nerve fiber layer by polarization-sensitive spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and scanning laser polarimetry,” J. Biomed. Opt.13(1), 014013 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Opt. Soc. Am. B
- M. R. Hee, D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Polarization-Sensitive Low-Coherence Reflectometer for Birefringence Characterization and Ranging,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B9(6), 903–908 (1992). [CrossRef]
J. Opt. Soc. Am. A
- H. B. Brink and G. J. van Blokland, “Birefringence of the human foveal area assessed in vivo with Mueller-matrix ellipsometry,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A5(1), 49–57 (1988). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Ophthalmology
- F. A. Medeiros, G. Vizzeri, L. M. Zangwill, L. M. Alencar, P. A. Sample, and R. N. Weinreb, “Comparison of retinal nerve fiber layer and optic disc imaging for diagnosing glaucoma in patients suspected of having the disease,” Ophthalmology115(8), 1340–1346 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Choi, H. S. Cho, C. H. Lee, and M. S. Kook, “Scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation in the area of apparently normal hemifield in eyes with normal-tension glaucoma,” Ophthalmology113(11), 1954–1960 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Express
- T. Torzicky, M. Pircher, S. Zotter, M. Bonesi, E. Götzinger, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Automated measurement of choroidal thickness in the human eye by polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express20(7), 7564–7574 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Lett.
- J. F. de Boer, T. E. Milner, M. J. C. van Gemert, and J. S. Nelson, “Two-dimensional birefringence imaging in biological tissue by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Lett.22(12), 934–936 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Express
- M. Pircher, E. Götzinger, R. Leitgeb, H. Sattmann, O. Findl, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Imaging of polarization properties of human retina in vivo with phase resolved transversal PS-OCT,” Opt. Express12(24), 5940–5951 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Götzinger, B. Baumann, M. Pircher, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Polarization maintaining fiber based ultra-high resolution spectral domain polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express17(25), 22704–22717 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Baumann, E. Götzinger, M. Pircher, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Single camera based spectral domain polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express15(3), 1054–1063 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. K. Hitzenberger, E. Goetzinger, M. Sticker, M. Pircher, and A. F. Fercher, “Measurement and imaging of birefringence and optic axis orientation by phase resolved polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express9(13), 780–790 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Götzinger, M. Pircher, W. Geitzenauer, C. Ahlers, B. Baumann, S. Michels, U. Schmidt-Erfurth, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Retinal pigment epithelium segmentation by polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express16(21), 16410–16422 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Götzinger, M. Pircher, B. Baumann, T. Schmoll, H. Sattmann, R. A. Leitgeb, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Speckle noise reduction in high speed polarization sensitive spectral domain optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express19(15), 14568–14585 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Lett.
- B. Cense, T. C. Chen, B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, and J. F. de Boer, “Invivo depth-resolved birefringence measurements of the human retinal nerve fiber layer by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Lett.27(18), 1610–1612 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Proc. SPIE
- Q. Zhou, J. Reed, R. Betts, P. Trost, P. Lo, C. Wallace, R. Bienias, G. Li, R. Winnick, W. Papworth, and M. Sinai, “Detection of glaucomatous retinal nerve fiber layer damage by scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation,” Proc. SPIE4951, 32–41 (2003). [CrossRef]
Prog. Retin. Eye Res.
- M. Pircher, C. K. Hitzenberger, and U. Schmidt-Erfurth, “Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography in the human eye,” Prog. Retin. Eye Res.30(6), 431–451 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Drexler and J. G. Fujimoto, “State-of-the-art retinal optical coherence tomography,” Prog. Retin. Eye Res.27(1), 45–88 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Rep. Prog. Phys.
- A. F. Fercher, W. Drexler, C. K. Hitzenberger, and T. Lasser, “Optical coherence tomography - principles and applications,” Rep. Prog. Phys.66(2), 239–303 (2003). [CrossRef]
Science
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Other
- W. Drexler and J. Fujimoto, Optical Coherence Tomography: Technology and Applications (Springer, Berlin, 2008).
2012, Torzicky, Opt. Express
- T. Torzicky, M. Pircher, S. Zotter, M. Bonesi, E. Götzinger, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Automated measurement of choroidal thickness in the human eye by polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express20(7), 7564–7574 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. G. Schlanitz, B. Baumann, T. Spalek, C. Schütze, C. Ahlers, M. Pircher, E. Götzinger, C. K. Hitzenberger, and U. Schmidt-Erfurth, “Performance of automated drusen detection by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.52(7), 4571–4579 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Pircher, C. K. Hitzenberger, and U. Schmidt-Erfurth, “Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography in the human eye,” Prog. Retin. Eye Res.30(6), 431–451 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Baumann, E. Götzinger, M. Pircher, H. Sattmann, C. Schütze, F. Schlanitz, C. Ahlers, U. Schmidt-Erfurth, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Segmentation and quantification of retinal lesions in age-related macular degeneration using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” J. Biomed. Opt.15(6), 061704 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Ahlers, E. Götzinger, M. Pircher, I. Golbaz, F. Prager, C. Schütze, B. Baumann, C. K. Hitzenberger, and U. Schmidt-Erfurth, “Imaging of the retinal pigment epithelium in age-related macular degeneration using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.51(4), 2149–2157 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Götzinger, M. Pircher, B. Baumann, C. Hirn, C. Vass, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Retinal nerve fiber layer birefringence evaluated with polarization sensitive spectral domain OCT and scanning laser polarimetry: a comparison,” J Biophotonics1(2), 129–139 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Yamanari, M. Miura, S. Makita, T. Yatagai, and Y. Yasuno, “Phase retardation measurement of retinal nerve fiber layer by polarization-sensitive spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and scanning laser polarimetry,” J. Biomed. Opt.13(1), 014013 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. A. Medeiros, G. Vizzeri, L. M. Zangwill, L. M. Alencar, P. A. Sample, and R. N. Weinreb, “Comparison of retinal nerve fiber layer and optic disc imaging for diagnosing glaucoma in patients suspected of having the disease,” Ophthalmology115(8), 1340–1346 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Michels, M. Pircher, W. Geitzenauer, C. Simader, E. Götzinger, O. Findl, U. Schmidt-Erfurth, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Value of polarisation-sensitive optical coherence tomography in diseases affecting the retinal pigment epithelium,” Br. J. Ophthalmol.92(2), 204–209 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Drexler and J. G. Fujimoto, “State-of-the-art retinal optical coherence tomography,” Prog. Retin. Eye Res.27(1), 45–88 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Mujat, B. H. Park, B. Cense, T. C. Chen, and J. F. de Boer, “Autocalibration of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography spectrometers for in vivo quantitative retinal nerve fiber layer birefringence determination,” J. Biomed. Opt.12(4), 041205 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Pircher, E. Götzinger, B. Baumann, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Corneal birefringence compensation for polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography of the human retina,” J. Biomed. Opt.12(4), 041210 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Choi, H. S. Cho, C. H. Lee, and M. S. Kook, “Scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation in the area of apparently normal hemifield in eyes with normal-tension glaucoma,” Ophthalmology113(11), 1954–1960 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Kanamori, A. Nagai-Kusuhara, M. F. Escaño, H. Maeda, M. Nakamura, and A. Negi, “Comparison of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, scanning laser polarimetry and optical coherence tomography to discriminate ocular hypertension and glaucoma at an early stage,” Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol.244(1), 58–68 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Pircher, E. Götzinger, O. Findl, S. Michels, W. Geitzenauer, C. Leydolt, U. Schmidt-Erfurth, and C. K. Hitzenberger, “Human macula investigated in vivo with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.47(12), 5487–5494 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Cense, T. C. Chen, B. H. Park, M. C. Pierce, and J. F. de Boer, “Thickness and birefringence of healthy retinal nerve fiber layer tissue measured with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.45(8), 2606–2612 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. F. Fercher, W. Drexler, C. K. Hitzenberger, and T. Lasser, “Optical coherence tomography - principles and applications,” Rep. Prog. Phys.66(2), 239–303 (2003). [CrossRef]
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