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Dual instrument for in vivo and ex vivo OCT imaging in an ENT departmentRamona Cernat, Taran S. Tatla, Jingyin Pang, Paul J. Tadrous, Adrian Bradu, George Dobre, Grigory Gelikonov, Valentin Gelikonov, and Adrian Gh. Podoleanu »View Author Affiliations
Ramona Cernat,1,*
Taran S. Tatla,2
Jingyin Pang,2
Paul J. Tadrous,3
Adrian Bradu,1
George Dobre,1
Grigory Gelikonov,4
Valentin Gelikonov,4
and Adrian Gh. Podoleanu1
1Applied Optics Group, School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, CT2 7NH Canterbury, UK, 2Department of Ear Nose and Throat –Head & Neck Surgery, Northwick Park Hospital, London, HA1 3UJ, UK 3Department of Cellular Pathology, Northwick Park Hospital, London, HA1 3UJ, UK 4Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia *Corresponding author: r.cernat@kent.ac.uk |
Biomedical Optics Express, Vol. 3, Issue 12, pp. 3346-3356 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/BOE.3.003346
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Abstract
A dual instrument is assembled to investigate the usefulness of optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging in an ear, nose and throat (ENT) department. Instrument 1 is dedicated to in vivo laryngeal investigation, based on an endoscope probe head assembled by compounding a miniature transversal flying spot scanning probe with a commercial fiber bundle endoscope. This dual probe head is used to implement a dual channel nasolaryngeal endoscopy-OCT system. The two probe heads are used to provide simultaneously OCT cross section images and en face fiber bundle endoscopic images. Instrument 2 is dedicated to either in vivo imaging of accessible surface skin and mucosal lesions of the scalp, face, neck and oral cavity or ex vivo imaging of the same excised tissues, based on a single OCT channel. This uses a better interface optics in a hand held probe. The two instruments share sequentially, the swept source at 1300 nm, the photo-detector unit and the imaging PC. An aiming red laser is permanently connected to the two instruments. This projects visible light collinearly with the 1300 nm beam and allows pixel correspondence between the en face endoscopy image and the cross section OCT image in Instrument 1, as well as surface guidance in Instrument 2 for the operator. The dual channel instrument was initially tested on phantom models and then on patients with suspect laryngeal lesions in a busy ENT practice. This feasibility study demonstrates the OCT potential of the dual imaging instrument as a useful tool in the testing and translation of OCT technology from the lab to the clinic. Instrument 1 is under investigation as a possible endoscopic screening tool for early laryngeal cancer. Larger size and better quality cross-section OCT images produced by Instrument 2 provide a reference base for comparison and continuing research on imaging freshly excised tissue, as well as in vivo interrogation of more superficial skin and mucosal lesions in the head and neck patient.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(170.1610) Medical optics and biotechnology : Clinical applications
(170.2150) Medical optics and biotechnology : Endoscopic imaging
(170.3890) Medical optics and biotechnology : Medical optics instrumentation
(170.4500) Medical optics and biotechnology : Optical coherence tomography
ToC Category:
Otolaryngology
History
Original Manuscript: October 10, 2012
Revised Manuscript: November 19, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: November 21, 2012
Published: November 28, 2012
Citation
Ramona Cernat, Taran S. Tatla, Jingyin Pang, Paul J. Tadrous, Adrian Bradu, George Dobre, Grigory Gelikonov, Valentin Gelikonov, and Adrian Gh. Podoleanu, "Dual instrument for in vivo and ex vivo OCT imaging in an ENT department," Biomed. Opt. Express 3, 3346-3356 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-3-12-3346
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- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Su, J. Zhang, L. Yu, H. G Colt, M. Brenner, and Z. Chen, “Real-time swept source optical coherence tomography imaging of the human airway using a microelectromechanical system endoscope and digital signal processor,” J. Biomed. Opt.13(3), 030506 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Sergeev, V. Gelikonov, G. Gelikonov, F. Feldchtein, R. Kuranov, N. Gladkova, N. Shakhova, L. Snopova, A. Shakhov, I. Kuznetzova, A. Denisenko, V. Pochinko, Y. Chumakov, and O. Streltzova, “In vivo endoscopic OCT imaging of precancer and cancer states of human mucosa,” Opt. Express1(13), 432–440 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Sergeev, V. Gelikonov, G. Gelikonov, F. Feldchtein, R. Kuranov, N. Gladkova, N. Shakhova, L. Snopova, A. Shakhov, I. Kuznetzova, A. Denisenko, V. Pochinko, Y. Chumakov, and O. Streltzova, “In vivo endoscopic OCT imaging of precancer and cancer states of human mucosa,” Opt. Express1(13), 432–440 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. M. Gelikonov and N. D. Gladkova, “A decade of optical coherence tomography in Russia: from experiment to clinical practice,” Radiophys. Quantum Electron.47(10-11), 835–847 (2004). [CrossRef]
- R. Cernat, Y. Y. Zhang, A. Bradu, T. Tatla, P. J. Tadrous, X. D. Li, A. Gh, and A. G. Podoleanu“Ex vivo OCT imaging of larynx using forward-viewing resonant fiber-scanning endoscope,” Proc. SPIE8213, 82133M (2012). [CrossRef]
- A. Sergeev, V. Gelikonov, G. Gelikonov, F. Feldchtein, R. Kuranov, N. Gladkova, N. Shakhova, L. Snopova, A. Shakhov, I. Kuznetzova, A. Denisenko, V. Pochinko, Y. Chumakov, and O. Streltzova, “In vivo endoscopic OCT imaging of precancer and cancer states of human mucosa,” Opt. Express1(13), 432–440 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. M. Gelikonov and N. D. Gladkova, “A decade of optical coherence tomography in Russia: from experiment to clinical practice,” Radiophys. Quantum Electron.47(10-11), 835–847 (2004). [CrossRef]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. B. Armstrong, J. M. Ridgway, D. E. Vokes, S. Guo, J. Perez, R. P. Jackson, M. Gu, J. Su, R. L. Crumley, T. Y. Shibuya, U. Mahmood, Z. Chen, and B. J. F. Wong, “Optical coherence tomography of laryngeal cancer,” Laryngoscope116(7), 1107–1113 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. J. Wong, R. P. Jackson, S. Guo, J. M. Ridgway, U. Mahmood, J. Su, T. Y. Shibuya, R. L. Crumley, M. Gu, W. B. Armstrong, and Z. Chen, “In vivo optical coherence tomography of the human larynx: normative and benign pathology in 82 patients,” Laryngoscope115(11), 1904–1911 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Guo, L. Yu, A. Sepehr, J. Perez, J. Su, J. M. Ridgway, D. Vokes, B. J. F. Wong, and Z. Chen, “Gradient-index lens rod based probe for office-based optical coherence tomography of the human larynx,” J. Biomed. Opt.14(1), 014017 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Sepehr, W. B. Armstrong, S. Guo, J. Su, J. Perez, Z. Chen, and B. J. F. Wong, “Optical coherence tomography of the larynx in the awake patient,” Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg.138(4), 425–429 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Guo, R. Hutchison, R. P. Jackson, A. Kohli, T. Sharp, E. Orwin, R. Haskell, Z. Chen, and B. J. F. Wong, “Office-based optical coherence tomographic imaging of human vocal cords,” J. Biomed. Opt.11(3), 030501 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- U. Mahmood, J. Ridgway, R. Jackson, S. Guo, J. Su, W. Armstrong, T. Shibuya, R. Crumley, Z. Chen, and B. Wong, “In vivo optical coherence tomography of the nasal mucosa,” Am. J. Rhinol.20(2), 155–159 (2006). [PubMed]
- W. B. Armstrong, J. M. Ridgway, D. E. Vokes, S. Guo, J. Perez, R. P. Jackson, M. Gu, J. Su, R. L. Crumley, T. Y. Shibuya, U. Mahmood, Z. Chen, and B. J. F. Wong, “Optical coherence tomography of laryngeal cancer,” Laryngoscope116(7), 1107–1113 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Xie, D. Mukai, S. Guo, M. Brenner, and Z. Chen, “Fiber-optic-bundle-based optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Lett.30(14), 1803–1805 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. J. Wong, R. P. Jackson, S. Guo, J. M. Ridgway, U. Mahmood, J. Su, T. Y. Shibuya, R. L. Crumley, M. Gu, W. B. Armstrong, and Z. Chen, “In vivo optical coherence tomography of the human larynx: normative and benign pathology in 82 patients,” Laryngoscope115(11), 1904–1911 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Guo, R. Hutchison, R. P. Jackson, A. Kohli, T. Sharp, E. Orwin, R. Haskell, Z. Chen, and B. J. F. Wong, “Office-based optical coherence tomographic imaging of human vocal cords,” J. Biomed. Opt.11(3), 030501 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. G. Fujimoto, M. E. Brezinski, G. J. Tearney, S. A. Boppart, B. E. Bouma, M. R. Hee, J. F. Southern, and E. A. Swanson, “Optical biopsy and imaging using optical coherence tomography,” Nat. Med.1(9), 970–972 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Guo, R. Hutchison, R. P. Jackson, A. Kohli, T. Sharp, E. Orwin, R. Haskell, Z. Chen, and B. J. F. Wong, “Office-based optical coherence tomographic imaging of human vocal cords,” J. Biomed. Opt.11(3), 030501 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- U. Mahmood, J. Ridgway, R. Jackson, S. Guo, J. Su, W. Armstrong, T. Shibuya, R. Crumley, Z. Chen, and B. Wong, “In vivo optical coherence tomography of the nasal mucosa,” Am. J. Rhinol.20(2), 155–159 (2006). [PubMed]
- S. Guo, R. Hutchison, R. P. Jackson, A. Kohli, T. Sharp, E. Orwin, R. Haskell, Z. Chen, and B. J. F. Wong, “Office-based optical coherence tomographic imaging of human vocal cords,” J. Biomed. Opt.11(3), 030501 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. B. Armstrong, J. M. Ridgway, D. E. Vokes, S. Guo, J. Perez, R. P. Jackson, M. Gu, J. Su, R. L. Crumley, T. Y. Shibuya, U. Mahmood, Z. Chen, and B. J. F. Wong, “Optical coherence tomography of laryngeal cancer,” Laryngoscope116(7), 1107–1113 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. J. Wong, R. P. Jackson, S. Guo, J. M. Ridgway, U. Mahmood, J. Su, T. Y. Shibuya, R. L. Crumley, M. Gu, W. B. Armstrong, and Z. Chen, “In vivo optical coherence tomography of the human larynx: normative and benign pathology in 82 patients,” Laryngoscope115(11), 1904–1911 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Wang, K. Zhang, Q. Ren, and J. U. Kang, “Comparison of different focusing systems for common-path optical coherence tomography with fiber-optic bundle as endoscopic probe,” Opt. Eng.48(10), 103001 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. Rubinstein, E. L. Fine, A. Sepehr, W. B. Armstrong, R. L. Crumley, J. H. Kim, Z. Chen, and B. J. F. Wong, “Optical coherence tomography of the larynx using the Niris system,” J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg39(2), 150–156 (2010). [PubMed]
- A. M. Klein, M. C. Pierce, S. M. Zeitels, R. R. Anderson, J. B. Kobler, M. Shishkov, and J. F. de Boer, “Imaging the human vocal folds in vivo with optical coherence tomography: a preliminary experience,” Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol.115(4), 277–284 (2006). [PubMed]
- A. M. Klein, M. C. Pierce, S. M. Zeitels, R. R. Anderson, J. B. Kobler, M. Shishkov, and J. F. de Boer, “Imaging the human vocal folds in vivo with optical coherence tomography: a preliminary experience,” Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol.115(4), 277–284 (2006). [PubMed]
- S. Guo, R. Hutchison, R. P. Jackson, A. Kohli, T. Sharp, E. Orwin, R. Haskell, Z. Chen, and B. J. F. Wong, “Office-based optical coherence tomographic imaging of human vocal cords,” J. Biomed. Opt.11(3), 030501 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Sergeev, V. Gelikonov, G. Gelikonov, F. Feldchtein, R. Kuranov, N. Gladkova, N. Shakhova, L. Snopova, A. Shakhov, I. Kuznetzova, A. Denisenko, V. Pochinko, Y. Chumakov, and O. Streltzova, “In vivo endoscopic OCT imaging of precancer and cancer states of human mucosa,” Opt. Express1(13), 432–440 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Sergeev, V. Gelikonov, G. Gelikonov, F. Feldchtein, R. Kuranov, N. Gladkova, N. Shakhova, L. Snopova, A. Shakhov, I. Kuznetzova, A. Denisenko, V. Pochinko, Y. Chumakov, and O. Streltzova, “In vivo endoscopic OCT imaging of precancer and cancer states of human mucosa,” Opt. Express1(13), 432–440 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Cernat, Y. Y. Zhang, A. Bradu, T. Tatla, P. J. Tadrous, X. D. Li, A. Gh, and A. G. Podoleanu“Ex vivo OCT imaging of larynx using forward-viewing resonant fiber-scanning endoscope,” Proc. SPIE8213, 82133M (2012). [CrossRef]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Ma, A. Bradu, A. G. Podoleanu, and J. W. Bloor, “Arrhythmia caused by a Drosophila tropomyosin mutation is revealed using a novel optical coherence tomography instrument,” PLoS ONE5(12), e14348 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- U. Mahmood, J. Ridgway, R. Jackson, S. Guo, J. Su, W. Armstrong, T. Shibuya, R. Crumley, Z. Chen, and B. Wong, “In vivo optical coherence tomography of the nasal mucosa,” Am. J. Rhinol.20(2), 155–159 (2006). [PubMed]
- W. B. Armstrong, J. M. Ridgway, D. E. Vokes, S. Guo, J. Perez, R. P. Jackson, M. Gu, J. Su, R. L. Crumley, T. Y. Shibuya, U. Mahmood, Z. Chen, and B. J. F. Wong, “Optical coherence tomography of laryngeal cancer,” Laryngoscope116(7), 1107–1113 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. J. Wong, R. P. Jackson, S. Guo, J. M. Ridgway, U. Mahmood, J. Su, T. Y. Shibuya, R. L. Crumley, M. Gu, W. B. Armstrong, and Z. Chen, “In vivo optical coherence tomography of the human larynx: normative and benign pathology in 82 patients,” Laryngoscope115(11), 1904–1911 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. McLaughlin and D. D. Sampson, “Clinical applications of fiber-optic probes in optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Fiber Technol.16(6), 467–475 (2010). [CrossRef]
- S. Guo, R. Hutchison, R. P. Jackson, A. Kohli, T. Sharp, E. Orwin, R. Haskell, Z. Chen, and B. J. F. Wong, “Office-based optical coherence tomographic imaging of human vocal cords,” J. Biomed. Opt.11(3), 030501 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Guo, L. Yu, A. Sepehr, J. Perez, J. Su, J. M. Ridgway, D. Vokes, B. J. F. Wong, and Z. Chen, “Gradient-index lens rod based probe for office-based optical coherence tomography of the human larynx,” J. Biomed. Opt.14(1), 014017 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Sepehr, W. B. Armstrong, S. Guo, J. Su, J. Perez, Z. Chen, and B. J. F. Wong, “Optical coherence tomography of the larynx in the awake patient,” Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg.138(4), 425–429 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. B. Armstrong, J. M. Ridgway, D. E. Vokes, S. Guo, J. Perez, R. P. Jackson, M. Gu, J. Su, R. L. Crumley, T. Y. Shibuya, U. Mahmood, Z. Chen, and B. J. F. Wong, “Optical coherence tomography of laryngeal cancer,” Laryngoscope116(7), 1107–1113 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. M. Klein, M. C. Pierce, S. M. Zeitels, R. R. Anderson, J. B. Kobler, M. Shishkov, and J. F. de Boer, “Imaging the human vocal folds in vivo with optical coherence tomography: a preliminary experience,” Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol.115(4), 277–284 (2006). [PubMed]
- A. Sergeev, V. Gelikonov, G. Gelikonov, F. Feldchtein, R. Kuranov, N. Gladkova, N. Shakhova, L. Snopova, A. Shakhov, I. Kuznetzova, A. Denisenko, V. Pochinko, Y. Chumakov, and O. Streltzova, “In vivo endoscopic OCT imaging of precancer and cancer states of human mucosa,” Opt. Express1(13), 432–440 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Cernat, Y. Y. Zhang, A. Bradu, T. Tatla, P. J. Tadrous, X. D. Li, A. Gh, and A. G. Podoleanu“Ex vivo OCT imaging of larynx using forward-viewing resonant fiber-scanning endoscope,” Proc. SPIE8213, 82133M (2012). [CrossRef]
- L. Ma, A. Bradu, A. G. Podoleanu, and J. W. Bloor, “Arrhythmia caused by a Drosophila tropomyosin mutation is revealed using a novel optical coherence tomography instrument,” PLoS ONE5(12), e14348 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Wang, K. Zhang, Q. Ren, and J. U. Kang, “Comparison of different focusing systems for common-path optical coherence tomography with fiber-optic bundle as endoscopic probe,” Opt. Eng.48(10), 103001 (2009). [CrossRef]
- U. Mahmood, J. Ridgway, R. Jackson, S. Guo, J. Su, W. Armstrong, T. Shibuya, R. Crumley, Z. Chen, and B. Wong, “In vivo optical coherence tomography of the nasal mucosa,” Am. J. Rhinol.20(2), 155–159 (2006). [PubMed]
- S. Guo, L. Yu, A. Sepehr, J. Perez, J. Su, J. M. Ridgway, D. Vokes, B. J. F. Wong, and Z. Chen, “Gradient-index lens rod based probe for office-based optical coherence tomography of the human larynx,” J. Biomed. Opt.14(1), 014017 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. B. Armstrong, J. M. Ridgway, D. E. Vokes, S. Guo, J. Perez, R. P. Jackson, M. Gu, J. Su, R. L. Crumley, T. Y. Shibuya, U. Mahmood, Z. Chen, and B. J. F. Wong, “Optical coherence tomography of laryngeal cancer,” Laryngoscope116(7), 1107–1113 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. J. Wong, R. P. Jackson, S. Guo, J. M. Ridgway, U. Mahmood, J. Su, T. Y. Shibuya, R. L. Crumley, M. Gu, W. B. Armstrong, and Z. Chen, “In vivo optical coherence tomography of the human larynx: normative and benign pathology in 82 patients,” Laryngoscope115(11), 1904–1911 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Moon, S. W. Lee, M. Rubinstein, B. J. F. Wong, and Z. Chen, “Semi-resonant operation of a fiber-cantilever piezotube scanner for stable optical coherence tomography endoscope imaging,” Opt. Express18(20), 21183–21197 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Rubinstein, E. L. Fine, A. Sepehr, W. B. Armstrong, R. L. Crumley, J. H. Kim, Z. Chen, and B. J. F. Wong, “Optical coherence tomography of the larynx using the Niris system,” J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg39(2), 150–156 (2010). [PubMed]
- R. A. McLaughlin and D. D. Sampson, “Clinical applications of fiber-optic probes in optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Fiber Technol.16(6), 467–475 (2010). [CrossRef]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Rubinstein, E. L. Fine, A. Sepehr, W. B. Armstrong, R. L. Crumley, J. H. Kim, Z. Chen, and B. J. F. Wong, “Optical coherence tomography of the larynx using the Niris system,” J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg39(2), 150–156 (2010). [PubMed]
- S. Guo, L. Yu, A. Sepehr, J. Perez, J. Su, J. M. Ridgway, D. Vokes, B. J. F. Wong, and Z. Chen, “Gradient-index lens rod based probe for office-based optical coherence tomography of the human larynx,” J. Biomed. Opt.14(1), 014017 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Sepehr, W. B. Armstrong, S. Guo, J. Su, J. Perez, Z. Chen, and B. J. F. Wong, “Optical coherence tomography of the larynx in the awake patient,” Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg.138(4), 425–429 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Sergeev, V. Gelikonov, G. Gelikonov, F. Feldchtein, R. Kuranov, N. Gladkova, N. Shakhova, L. Snopova, A. Shakhov, I. Kuznetzova, A. Denisenko, V. Pochinko, Y. Chumakov, and O. Streltzova, “In vivo endoscopic OCT imaging of precancer and cancer states of human mucosa,” Opt. Express1(13), 432–440 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Sergeev, V. Gelikonov, G. Gelikonov, F. Feldchtein, R. Kuranov, N. Gladkova, N. Shakhova, L. Snopova, A. Shakhov, I. Kuznetzova, A. Denisenko, V. Pochinko, Y. Chumakov, and O. Streltzova, “In vivo endoscopic OCT imaging of precancer and cancer states of human mucosa,” Opt. Express1(13), 432–440 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Sergeev, V. Gelikonov, G. Gelikonov, F. Feldchtein, R. Kuranov, N. Gladkova, N. Shakhova, L. Snopova, A. Shakhov, I. Kuznetzova, A. Denisenko, V. Pochinko, Y. Chumakov, and O. Streltzova, “In vivo endoscopic OCT imaging of precancer and cancer states of human mucosa,” Opt. Express1(13), 432–440 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Guo, R. Hutchison, R. P. Jackson, A. Kohli, T. Sharp, E. Orwin, R. Haskell, Z. Chen, and B. J. F. Wong, “Office-based optical coherence tomographic imaging of human vocal cords,” J. Biomed. Opt.11(3), 030501 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- U. Mahmood, J. Ridgway, R. Jackson, S. Guo, J. Su, W. Armstrong, T. Shibuya, R. Crumley, Z. Chen, and B. Wong, “In vivo optical coherence tomography of the nasal mucosa,” Am. J. Rhinol.20(2), 155–159 (2006). [PubMed]
- W. B. Armstrong, J. M. Ridgway, D. E. Vokes, S. Guo, J. Perez, R. P. Jackson, M. Gu, J. Su, R. L. Crumley, T. Y. Shibuya, U. Mahmood, Z. Chen, and B. J. F. Wong, “Optical coherence tomography of laryngeal cancer,” Laryngoscope116(7), 1107–1113 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. J. Wong, R. P. Jackson, S. Guo, J. M. Ridgway, U. Mahmood, J. Su, T. Y. Shibuya, R. L. Crumley, M. Gu, W. B. Armstrong, and Z. Chen, “In vivo optical coherence tomography of the human larynx: normative and benign pathology in 82 patients,” Laryngoscope115(11), 1904–1911 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. M. Klein, M. C. Pierce, S. M. Zeitels, R. R. Anderson, J. B. Kobler, M. Shishkov, and J. F. de Boer, “Imaging the human vocal folds in vivo with optical coherence tomography: a preliminary experience,” Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol.115(4), 277–284 (2006). [PubMed]
- A. Sergeev, V. Gelikonov, G. Gelikonov, F. Feldchtein, R. Kuranov, N. Gladkova, N. Shakhova, L. Snopova, A. Shakhov, I. Kuznetzova, A. Denisenko, V. Pochinko, Y. Chumakov, and O. Streltzova, “In vivo endoscopic OCT imaging of precancer and cancer states of human mucosa,” Opt. Express1(13), 432–440 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. G. Fujimoto, M. E. Brezinski, G. J. Tearney, S. A. Boppart, B. E. Bouma, M. R. Hee, J. F. Southern, and E. A. Swanson, “Optical biopsy and imaging using optical coherence tomography,” Nat. Med.1(9), 970–972 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Sergeev, V. Gelikonov, G. Gelikonov, F. Feldchtein, R. Kuranov, N. Gladkova, N. Shakhova, L. Snopova, A. Shakhov, I. Kuznetzova, A. Denisenko, V. Pochinko, Y. Chumakov, and O. Streltzova, “In vivo endoscopic OCT imaging of precancer and cancer states of human mucosa,” Opt. Express1(13), 432–440 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Guo, L. Yu, A. Sepehr, J. Perez, J. Su, J. M. Ridgway, D. Vokes, B. J. F. Wong, and Z. Chen, “Gradient-index lens rod based probe for office-based optical coherence tomography of the human larynx,” J. Biomed. Opt.14(1), 014017 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Su, J. Zhang, L. Yu, H. G Colt, M. Brenner, and Z. Chen, “Real-time swept source optical coherence tomography imaging of the human airway using a microelectromechanical system endoscope and digital signal processor,” J. Biomed. Opt.13(3), 030506 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Sepehr, W. B. Armstrong, S. Guo, J. Su, J. Perez, Z. Chen, and B. J. F. Wong, “Optical coherence tomography of the larynx in the awake patient,” Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg.138(4), 425–429 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- U. Mahmood, J. Ridgway, R. Jackson, S. Guo, J. Su, W. Armstrong, T. Shibuya, R. Crumley, Z. Chen, and B. Wong, “In vivo optical coherence tomography of the nasal mucosa,” Am. J. Rhinol.20(2), 155–159 (2006). [PubMed]
- W. B. Armstrong, J. M. Ridgway, D. E. Vokes, S. Guo, J. Perez, R. P. Jackson, M. Gu, J. Su, R. L. Crumley, T. Y. Shibuya, U. Mahmood, Z. Chen, and B. J. F. Wong, “Optical coherence tomography of laryngeal cancer,” Laryngoscope116(7), 1107–1113 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. J. Wong, R. P. Jackson, S. Guo, J. M. Ridgway, U. Mahmood, J. Su, T. Y. Shibuya, R. L. Crumley, M. Gu, W. B. Armstrong, and Z. Chen, “In vivo optical coherence tomography of the human larynx: normative and benign pathology in 82 patients,” Laryngoscope115(11), 1904–1911 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. G. Fujimoto, M. E. Brezinski, G. J. Tearney, S. A. Boppart, B. E. Bouma, M. R. Hee, J. F. Southern, and E. A. Swanson, “Optical biopsy and imaging using optical coherence tomography,” Nat. Med.1(9), 970–972 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Cernat, Y. Y. Zhang, A. Bradu, T. Tatla, P. J. Tadrous, X. D. Li, A. Gh, and A. G. Podoleanu“Ex vivo OCT imaging of larynx using forward-viewing resonant fiber-scanning endoscope,” Proc. SPIE8213, 82133M (2012). [CrossRef]
- R. Cernat, Y. Y. Zhang, A. Bradu, T. Tatla, P. J. Tadrous, X. D. Li, A. Gh, and A. G. Podoleanu“Ex vivo OCT imaging of larynx using forward-viewing resonant fiber-scanning endoscope,” Proc. SPIE8213, 82133M (2012). [CrossRef]
- J. G. Fujimoto, M. E. Brezinski, G. J. Tearney, S. A. Boppart, B. E. Bouma, M. R. Hee, J. F. Southern, and E. A. Swanson, “Optical biopsy and imaging using optical coherence tomography,” Nat. Med.1(9), 970–972 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Guo, L. Yu, A. Sepehr, J. Perez, J. Su, J. M. Ridgway, D. Vokes, B. J. F. Wong, and Z. Chen, “Gradient-index lens rod based probe for office-based optical coherence tomography of the human larynx,” J. Biomed. Opt.14(1), 014017 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. B. Armstrong, J. M. Ridgway, D. E. Vokes, S. Guo, J. Perez, R. P. Jackson, M. Gu, J. Su, R. L. Crumley, T. Y. Shibuya, U. Mahmood, Z. Chen, and B. J. F. Wong, “Optical coherence tomography of laryngeal cancer,” Laryngoscope116(7), 1107–1113 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Wang, K. Zhang, Q. Ren, and J. U. Kang, “Comparison of different focusing systems for common-path optical coherence tomography with fiber-optic bundle as endoscopic probe,” Opt. Eng.48(10), 103001 (2009). [CrossRef]
- U. Mahmood, J. Ridgway, R. Jackson, S. Guo, J. Su, W. Armstrong, T. Shibuya, R. Crumley, Z. Chen, and B. Wong, “In vivo optical coherence tomography of the nasal mucosa,” Am. J. Rhinol.20(2), 155–159 (2006). [PubMed]
- B. J. Wong, R. P. Jackson, S. Guo, J. M. Ridgway, U. Mahmood, J. Su, T. Y. Shibuya, R. L. Crumley, M. Gu, W. B. Armstrong, and Z. Chen, “In vivo optical coherence tomography of the human larynx: normative and benign pathology in 82 patients,” Laryngoscope115(11), 1904–1911 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Rubinstein, E. L. Fine, A. Sepehr, W. B. Armstrong, R. L. Crumley, J. H. Kim, Z. Chen, and B. J. F. Wong, “Optical coherence tomography of the larynx using the Niris system,” J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg39(2), 150–156 (2010). [PubMed]
- S. Moon, S. W. Lee, M. Rubinstein, B. J. F. Wong, and Z. Chen, “Semi-resonant operation of a fiber-cantilever piezotube scanner for stable optical coherence tomography endoscope imaging,” Opt. Express18(20), 21183–21197 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Guo, L. Yu, A. Sepehr, J. Perez, J. Su, J. M. Ridgway, D. Vokes, B. J. F. Wong, and Z. Chen, “Gradient-index lens rod based probe for office-based optical coherence tomography of the human larynx,” J. Biomed. Opt.14(1), 014017 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Sepehr, W. B. Armstrong, S. Guo, J. Su, J. Perez, Z. Chen, and B. J. F. Wong, “Optical coherence tomography of the larynx in the awake patient,” Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg.138(4), 425–429 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- J. G. Fujimoto, M. E. Brezinski, G. J. Tearney, S. A. Boppart, B. E. Bouma, M. R. Hee, J. F. Southern, and E. A. Swanson, “Optical biopsy and imaging using optical coherence tomography,” Nat. Med.1(9), 970–972 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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