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Quantification of the optical properties of two-layered turbid media by simultaneously analyzing the spectral and spatial information of steady-state diffuse reflectance spectroscopyTe-Yu Tseng, Chun-Yu Chen, Yi-Shan Li, and Kung-Bin Sung »View Author Affiliations
Te-Yu Tseng,1
Chun-Yu Chen,1
Yi-Shan Li,1
and Kung-Bin Sung1,2,*
1Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 2Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan *Corresponding author: kbsung@cc.ee.ntu.edu.tw |
Biomedical Optics Express, Vol. 2, Issue 4, pp. 901-914 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/BOE.2.000901
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Abstract
We applied hyperspectral imaging to measure spatially-resolved diffuse reflectance spectra in the visible range and an iterative inversion method based on forward Monte Carlo modeling to quantify optical properties of two-layered tissue models. We validated the inversion method using spectra experimentally measured from liquid tissue mimicking phantoms with known optical properties. Results of fitting simulated data showed that simultaneously considering the spatial and spectral information in the inversion process improves the accuracies of estimating the optical properties and the top layer thickness in comparison to methods fitting reflectance spectra measured with a single source-detector separation or fitting spatially-resolved reflectance at a single wavelength. Further development of the method could improve noninvasive assessment of physiological status and pathological conditions of stratified squamous epithelium and superficial stroma.
© 2011 OSA
OCIS Codes
(170.3660) Medical optics and biotechnology : Light propagation in tissues
(170.6510) Medical optics and biotechnology : Spectroscopy, tissue diagnostics
(170.7050) Medical optics and biotechnology : Turbid media
(300.6550) Spectroscopy : Spectroscopy, visible
(110.4234) Imaging systems : Multispectral and hyperspectral imaging
ToC Category:
Optics of Tissue and Turbid Media
History
Original Manuscript: January 25, 2011
Revised Manuscript: February 17, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: March 6, 2011
Published: March 16, 2011
Citation
Te-Yu Tseng, Chun-Yu Chen, Yi-Shan Li, and Kung-Bin Sung, "Quantification of the optical properties of two-layered turbid media by simultaneously analyzing the spectral and spatial information of steady-state diffuse reflectance spectroscopy," Biomed. Opt. Express 2, 901-914 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-2-4-901
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References
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- A. M. J. Wang, J. E. Bender, J. Pfefer, U. Utzinger, and R. A. Drezek, “Depth-sensitive reflectance measurements using obliquely oriented fiber probes,” J. Biomed. Opt. 10(4), 044017 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. R. Weber, D. J. Cuccia, A. J. Durkin, and B. J. Tromberg, “Noncontact imaging of absorption and scattering in layered tissue using spatially modulated structured light,” J. Appl. Phys. 105(10), 102028 (2009). [CrossRef]
- D. J. Cuccia, F. Bevilacqua, A. J. Durkin, F. R. Ayers, and B. J. Tromberg, “Quantitation and mapping of tissue optical properties using modulated imaging,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(2), 024012 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- S. McGee, J. Mirkovic, V. Mardirossian, A. Elackattu, C. C. Yu, S. Kabani, G. Gallagher, R. Pistey, L. Galindo, K. Badizadegan, Z. Wang, R. Dasari, M. S. Feld, and G. Grillone, “Model-based spectroscopic analysis of the oral cavity: impact of anatomy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(6), 064034 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Pavlova, C. R. Weber, R. A. Schwarz, M. Williams, A. El-Naggar, A. Gillenwater, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Monte Carlo model to describe depth selective fluorescence spectra of epithelial tissue: applications for diagnosis of oral precancer,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(6), 064012 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. McGee, J. Mirkovic, V. Mardirossian, A. Elackattu, C. C. Yu, S. Kabani, G. Gallagher, R. Pistey, L. Galindo, K. Badizadegan, Z. Wang, R. Dasari, M. S. Feld, and G. Grillone, “Model-based spectroscopic analysis of the oral cavity: impact of anatomy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(6), 064034 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Georgakoudi, B. C. Jacobson, M. G. Müller, E. E. Sheets, K. Badizadegan, D. L. Carr-Locke, C. P. Crum, C. W. Boone, R. R. Dasari, J. Van Dam, and M. S. Feld, “NAD(P)H and collagen as in vivo quantitative fluorescent biomarkers of epithelial precancerous changes,” Cancer Res. 62(3), 682–687 (2002). [PubMed]
- G. Zonios, L. T. Perelman, V. M. Backman, R. Manoharan, M. Fitzmaurice, J. Van Dam, and M. S. Feld, “Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of human adenomatous colon polyps in vivo,” Appl. Opt. 38(31), 6628–6637 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. C. Finlay and T. H. Foster, “Hemoglobin oxygen saturations in phantoms and in vivo from measurements of steady-state diffuse reflectance at a single, short source-detector separation,” Med. Phys. 31(7), 1949–1959 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Arifler, C. MacAulay, M. Follen, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Spatially resolved reflectance spectroscopy for diagnosis of cervical precancer: Monte Carlo modeling and comparison to clinical measurements,” J. Biomed. Opt. 11(6), 064027 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- M. G. Nichols, E. L. Hull, and T. H. Foster, “Design and testing of a white-light, steady-state diffuse reflectance spectrometer for determination of optical properties of highly scattering systems,” Appl. Opt. 36(1), 93–104 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Gioux, A. Mazhar, D. J. Cuccia, A. J. Durkin, B. J. Tromberg, and J. V. Frangioni, “Three-dimensional surface profile intensity correction for spatially modulated imaging,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(3), 034045 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. McGee, J. Mirkovic, V. Mardirossian, A. Elackattu, C. C. Yu, S. Kabani, G. Gallagher, R. Pistey, L. Galindo, K. Badizadegan, Z. Wang, R. Dasari, M. S. Feld, and G. Grillone, “Model-based spectroscopic analysis of the oral cavity: impact of anatomy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(6), 064034 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. McGee, J. Mirkovic, V. Mardirossian, A. Elackattu, C. C. Yu, S. Kabani, G. Gallagher, R. Pistey, L. Galindo, K. Badizadegan, Z. Wang, R. Dasari, M. S. Feld, and G. Grillone, “Model-based spectroscopic analysis of the oral cavity: impact of anatomy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(6), 064034 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Georgakoudi, B. C. Jacobson, M. G. Müller, E. E. Sheets, K. Badizadegan, D. L. Carr-Locke, C. P. Crum, C. W. Boone, R. R. Dasari, J. Van Dam, and M. S. Feld, “NAD(P)H and collagen as in vivo quantitative fluorescent biomarkers of epithelial precancerous changes,” Cancer Res. 62(3), 682–687 (2002). [PubMed]
- I. Pavlova, C. R. Weber, R. A. Schwarz, M. Williams, A. El-Naggar, A. Gillenwater, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Monte Carlo model to describe depth selective fluorescence spectra of epithelial tissue: applications for diagnosis of oral precancer,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(6), 064012 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Gioux, A. Mazhar, D. J. Cuccia, A. J. Durkin, B. J. Tromberg, and J. V. Frangioni, “Three-dimensional surface profile intensity correction for spatially modulated imaging,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(3), 034045 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. R. Bargo, S. A. Prahl, T. T. Goodell, R. A. Sleven, G. Koval, G. Blair, and S. L. Jacques, “In vivo determination of optical properties of normal and tumor tissue with white light reflectance and an empirical light transport model during endoscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 10(3), 034018 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. McGee, J. Mirkovic, V. Mardirossian, A. Elackattu, C. C. Yu, S. Kabani, G. Gallagher, R. Pistey, L. Galindo, K. Badizadegan, Z. Wang, R. Dasari, M. S. Feld, and G. Grillone, “Model-based spectroscopic analysis of the oral cavity: impact of anatomy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(6), 064034 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Kienle, L. Lilge, M. S. Patterson, R. Hibst, R. Steiner, and B. C. Wilson, “Spatially resolved absolute diffuse reflectance measurements for noninvasive determination of the optical scattering and absorption coefficients of biological tissue,” Appl. Opt. 35(13), 2304–2314 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Georgakoudi, B. C. Jacobson, M. G. Müller, E. E. Sheets, K. Badizadegan, D. L. Carr-Locke, C. P. Crum, C. W. Boone, R. R. Dasari, J. Van Dam, and M. S. Feld, “NAD(P)H and collagen as in vivo quantitative fluorescent biomarkers of epithelial precancerous changes,” Cancer Res. 62(3), 682–687 (2002). [PubMed]
- P. R. Bargo, S. A. Prahl, T. T. Goodell, R. A. Sleven, G. Koval, G. Blair, and S. L. Jacques, “In vivo determination of optical properties of normal and tumor tissue with white light reflectance and an empirical light transport model during endoscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 10(3), 034018 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Wang, S. L. Jacques, and L. Zheng, “MCML--Monte Carlo modeling of light transport in multi-layered tissues,” Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 47(2), 131–146 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Zhang, W. Verkruysse, B. Choi, J. A. Viator, B. Jung, L. O. Svaasand, G. Aguilar, and J. S. Nelson, “Determination of human skin optical properties from spectrophotometric measurements based on optimization by genetic algorithms,” J. Biomed. Opt. 10(2), 024030 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. McGee, J. Mirkovic, V. Mardirossian, A. Elackattu, C. C. Yu, S. Kabani, G. Gallagher, R. Pistey, L. Galindo, K. Badizadegan, Z. Wang, R. Dasari, M. S. Feld, and G. Grillone, “Model-based spectroscopic analysis of the oral cavity: impact of anatomy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(6), 064034 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Amelink, O. P. Kaspers, H. J. Sterenborg, J. E. van der Wal, J. L. Roodenburg, and M. J. Witjes, “Non-invasive measurement of the morphology and physiology of oral mucosa by use of optical spectroscopy,” Oral Oncol. 44(1), 65–71 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Kienle, M. S. Patterson, N. Dögnitz, R. Bays, G. Wagnières, and H. van den Bergh, “Noninvasive determination of the optical properties of two-layered turbid media,” Appl. Opt. 37(4), 779–791 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Kienle, L. Lilge, M. S. Patterson, R. Hibst, R. Steiner, and B. C. Wilson, “Spatially resolved absolute diffuse reflectance measurements for noninvasive determination of the optical scattering and absorption coefficients of biological tissue,” Appl. Opt. 35(13), 2304–2314 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. R. Bargo, S. A. Prahl, T. T. Goodell, R. A. Sleven, G. Koval, G. Blair, and S. L. Jacques, “In vivo determination of optical properties of normal and tumor tissue with white light reflectance and an empirical light transport model during endoscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 10(3), 034018 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. M. P. Doornbos, R. Lang, M. C. Aalders, F. W. Cross, and H. J. Sterenborg, “The determination of in vivo human tissue optical properties and absolute chromophore concentrations using spatially resolved steady-state diffuse reflectance spectroscopy,” Phys. Med. Biol. 44(4), 967–981 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Kienle, L. Lilge, M. S. Patterson, R. Hibst, R. Steiner, and B. C. Wilson, “Spatially resolved absolute diffuse reflectance measurements for noninvasive determination of the optical scattering and absorption coefficients of biological tissue,” Appl. Opt. 35(13), 2304–2314 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Arifler, C. MacAulay, M. Follen, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Spatially resolved reflectance spectroscopy for diagnosis of cervical precancer: Monte Carlo modeling and comparison to clinical measurements,” J. Biomed. Opt. 11(6), 064027 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. McGee, J. Mirkovic, V. Mardirossian, A. Elackattu, C. C. Yu, S. Kabani, G. Gallagher, R. Pistey, L. Galindo, K. Badizadegan, Z. Wang, R. Dasari, M. S. Feld, and G. Grillone, “Model-based spectroscopic analysis of the oral cavity: impact of anatomy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(6), 064034 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Thueler, I. Charvet, F. Bevilacqua, M. St. Ghislain, G. Ory, P. Marquet, P. Meda, B. Vermeulen, and C. Depeursinge, “In vivo endoscopic tissue diagnostics based on spectroscopic absorption, scattering, and phase function properties,” J. Biomed. Opt. 8(3), 495–503 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Gioux, A. Mazhar, D. J. Cuccia, A. J. Durkin, B. J. Tromberg, and J. V. Frangioni, “Three-dimensional surface profile intensity correction for spatially modulated imaging,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(3), 034045 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. McGee, J. Mirkovic, V. Mardirossian, A. Elackattu, C. C. Yu, S. Kabani, G. Gallagher, R. Pistey, L. Galindo, K. Badizadegan, Z. Wang, R. Dasari, M. S. Feld, and G. Grillone, “Model-based spectroscopic analysis of the oral cavity: impact of anatomy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(6), 064034 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Thueler, I. Charvet, F. Bevilacqua, M. St. Ghislain, G. Ory, P. Marquet, P. Meda, B. Vermeulen, and C. Depeursinge, “In vivo endoscopic tissue diagnostics based on spectroscopic absorption, scattering, and phase function properties,” J. Biomed. Opt. 8(3), 495–503 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. McGee, J. Mirkovic, V. Mardirossian, A. Elackattu, C. C. Yu, S. Kabani, G. Gallagher, R. Pistey, L. Galindo, K. Badizadegan, Z. Wang, R. Dasari, M. S. Feld, and G. Grillone, “Model-based spectroscopic analysis of the oral cavity: impact of anatomy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(6), 064034 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Georgakoudi, B. C. Jacobson, M. G. Müller, E. E. Sheets, K. Badizadegan, D. L. Carr-Locke, C. P. Crum, C. W. Boone, R. R. Dasari, J. Van Dam, and M. S. Feld, “NAD(P)H and collagen as in vivo quantitative fluorescent biomarkers of epithelial precancerous changes,” Cancer Res. 62(3), 682–687 (2002). [PubMed]
- R. Zhang, W. Verkruysse, B. Choi, J. A. Viator, B. Jung, L. O. Svaasand, G. Aguilar, and J. S. Nelson, “Determination of human skin optical properties from spectrophotometric measurements based on optimization by genetic algorithms,” J. Biomed. Opt. 10(2), 024030 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Thueler, I. Charvet, F. Bevilacqua, M. St. Ghislain, G. Ory, P. Marquet, P. Meda, B. Vermeulen, and C. Depeursinge, “In vivo endoscopic tissue diagnostics based on spectroscopic absorption, scattering, and phase function properties,” J. Biomed. Opt. 8(3), 495–503 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Q. Brown, K. Vishwanath, G. M. Palmer, and N. Ramanujam, “Advances in quantitative UV-visible spectroscopy for clinical and pre-clinical application in cancer,” Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 20(1), 119–131 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. T. C. Chang, P. S. Cartwright, S. M. Bean, G. M. Palmer, R. C. Bentley, and N. Ramanujam, “Quantitative physiology of the precancerous cervix in vivo through optical spectroscopy,” Neoplasia 11(4), 325–332 (2009). [PubMed]
- G. M. Palmer and N. Ramanujam, “Monte Carlo-based inverse model for calculating tissue optical properties. Part I: Theory and validation on synthetic phantoms,” Appl. Opt. 45(5), 1062–1071 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Kienle, M. S. Patterson, N. Dögnitz, R. Bays, G. Wagnières, and H. van den Bergh, “Noninvasive determination of the optical properties of two-layered turbid media,” Appl. Opt. 37(4), 779–791 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Kienle, L. Lilge, M. S. Patterson, R. Hibst, R. Steiner, and B. C. Wilson, “Spatially resolved absolute diffuse reflectance measurements for noninvasive determination of the optical scattering and absorption coefficients of biological tissue,” Appl. Opt. 35(13), 2304–2314 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. S. Patterson, B. Chance, and B. C. Wilson, “Time resolved reflectance and transmittance for the non-invasive measurement of tissue optical properties,” Appl. Opt. 28(12), 2331–2336 (1989). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Pavlova, C. R. Weber, R. A. Schwarz, M. Williams, A. El-Naggar, A. Gillenwater, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Monte Carlo model to describe depth selective fluorescence spectra of epithelial tissue: applications for diagnosis of oral precancer,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(6), 064012 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. M. J. Wang, J. E. Bender, J. Pfefer, U. Utzinger, and R. A. Drezek, “Depth-sensitive reflectance measurements using obliquely oriented fiber probes,” J. Biomed. Opt. 10(4), 044017 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. H. Pham, F. Bevilacqua, T. Spott, J. S. Dam, B. J. Tromberg, and S. Andersson-Engels, “Quantifying the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of tissuelike turbid media over a broad spectral range with noncontact Fourier-transform hyperspectral imaging,” Appl. Opt. 39(34), 6487–6497 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. McGee, J. Mirkovic, V. Mardirossian, A. Elackattu, C. C. Yu, S. Kabani, G. Gallagher, R. Pistey, L. Galindo, K. Badizadegan, Z. Wang, R. Dasari, M. S. Feld, and G. Grillone, “Model-based spectroscopic analysis of the oral cavity: impact of anatomy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(6), 064034 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. R. Bargo, S. A. Prahl, T. T. Goodell, R. A. Sleven, G. Koval, G. Blair, and S. L. Jacques, “In vivo determination of optical properties of normal and tumor tissue with white light reflectance and an empirical light transport model during endoscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 10(3), 034018 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. T. C. Chang, P. S. Cartwright, S. M. Bean, G. M. Palmer, R. C. Bentley, and N. Ramanujam, “Quantitative physiology of the precancerous cervix in vivo through optical spectroscopy,” Neoplasia 11(4), 325–332 (2009). [PubMed]
- J. Q. Brown, K. Vishwanath, G. M. Palmer, and N. Ramanujam, “Advances in quantitative UV-visible spectroscopy for clinical and pre-clinical application in cancer,” Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 20(1), 119–131 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Q. Liu and N. Ramanujam, “Scaling method for fast Monte Carlo simulation of diffuse reflectance spectra from multilayered turbid media,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24(4), 1011–1025 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. M. Palmer and N. Ramanujam, “Monte Carlo-based inverse model for calculating tissue optical properties. Part I: Theory and validation on synthetic phantoms,” Appl. Opt. 45(5), 1062–1071 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Pavlova, C. R. Weber, R. A. Schwarz, M. Williams, A. El-Naggar, A. Gillenwater, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Monte Carlo model to describe depth selective fluorescence spectra of epithelial tissue: applications for diagnosis of oral precancer,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(6), 064012 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Arifler, C. MacAulay, M. Follen, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Spatially resolved reflectance spectroscopy for diagnosis of cervical precancer: Monte Carlo modeling and comparison to clinical measurements,” J. Biomed. Opt. 11(6), 064027 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Amelink, O. P. Kaspers, H. J. Sterenborg, J. E. van der Wal, J. L. Roodenburg, and M. J. Witjes, “Non-invasive measurement of the morphology and physiology of oral mucosa by use of optical spectroscopy,” Oral Oncol. 44(1), 65–71 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Pavlova, C. R. Weber, R. A. Schwarz, M. Williams, A. El-Naggar, A. Gillenwater, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Monte Carlo model to describe depth selective fluorescence spectra of epithelial tissue: applications for diagnosis of oral precancer,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(6), 064012 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Georgakoudi, B. C. Jacobson, M. G. Müller, E. E. Sheets, K. Badizadegan, D. L. Carr-Locke, C. P. Crum, C. W. Boone, R. R. Dasari, J. Van Dam, and M. S. Feld, “NAD(P)H and collagen as in vivo quantitative fluorescent biomarkers of epithelial precancerous changes,” Cancer Res. 62(3), 682–687 (2002). [PubMed]
- P. R. Bargo, S. A. Prahl, T. T. Goodell, R. A. Sleven, G. Koval, G. Blair, and S. L. Jacques, “In vivo determination of optical properties of normal and tumor tissue with white light reflectance and an empirical light transport model during endoscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 10(3), 034018 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. H. Pham, F. Bevilacqua, T. Spott, J. S. Dam, B. J. Tromberg, and S. Andersson-Engels, “Quantifying the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of tissuelike turbid media over a broad spectral range with noncontact Fourier-transform hyperspectral imaging,” Appl. Opt. 39(34), 6487–6497 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Thueler, I. Charvet, F. Bevilacqua, M. St. Ghislain, G. Ory, P. Marquet, P. Meda, B. Vermeulen, and C. Depeursinge, “In vivo endoscopic tissue diagnostics based on spectroscopic absorption, scattering, and phase function properties,” J. Biomed. Opt. 8(3), 495–503 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Kienle, L. Lilge, M. S. Patterson, R. Hibst, R. Steiner, and B. C. Wilson, “Spatially resolved absolute diffuse reflectance measurements for noninvasive determination of the optical scattering and absorption coefficients of biological tissue,” Appl. Opt. 35(13), 2304–2314 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Amelink, O. P. Kaspers, H. J. Sterenborg, J. E. van der Wal, J. L. Roodenburg, and M. J. Witjes, “Non-invasive measurement of the morphology and physiology of oral mucosa by use of optical spectroscopy,” Oral Oncol. 44(1), 65–71 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. M. P. Doornbos, R. Lang, M. C. Aalders, F. W. Cross, and H. J. Sterenborg, “The determination of in vivo human tissue optical properties and absolute chromophore concentrations using spatially resolved steady-state diffuse reflectance spectroscopy,” Phys. Med. Biol. 44(4), 967–981 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Zhang, W. Verkruysse, B. Choi, J. A. Viator, B. Jung, L. O. Svaasand, G. Aguilar, and J. S. Nelson, “Determination of human skin optical properties from spectrophotometric measurements based on optimization by genetic algorithms,” J. Biomed. Opt. 10(2), 024030 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. J. Tromberg, L. O. Svaasand, T. T. Tsay, and R. C. Haskell, “Properties of photon density waves in multiple-scattering media,” Appl. Opt. 32(4), 607–616 (1993). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Thueler, I. Charvet, F. Bevilacqua, M. St. Ghislain, G. Ory, P. Marquet, P. Meda, B. Vermeulen, and C. Depeursinge, “In vivo endoscopic tissue diagnostics based on spectroscopic absorption, scattering, and phase function properties,” J. Biomed. Opt. 8(3), 495–503 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. R. Weber, D. J. Cuccia, A. J. Durkin, and B. J. Tromberg, “Noncontact imaging of absorption and scattering in layered tissue using spatially modulated structured light,” J. Appl. Phys. 105(10), 102028 (2009). [CrossRef]
- D. J. Cuccia, F. Bevilacqua, A. J. Durkin, F. R. Ayers, and B. J. Tromberg, “Quantitation and mapping of tissue optical properties using modulated imaging,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(2), 024012 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Gioux, A. Mazhar, D. J. Cuccia, A. J. Durkin, B. J. Tromberg, and J. V. Frangioni, “Three-dimensional surface profile intensity correction for spatially modulated imaging,” J. Biomed. Opt. 14(3), 034045 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. H. Pham, F. Bevilacqua, T. Spott, J. S. Dam, B. J. Tromberg, and S. Andersson-Engels, “Quantifying the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of tissuelike turbid media over a broad spectral range with noncontact Fourier-transform hyperspectral imaging,” Appl. Opt. 39(34), 6487–6497 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. J. Tromberg, L. O. Svaasand, T. T. Tsay, and R. C. Haskell, “Properties of photon density waves in multiple-scattering media,” Appl. Opt. 32(4), 607–616 (1993). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. M. J. Wang, J. E. Bender, J. Pfefer, U. Utzinger, and R. A. Drezek, “Depth-sensitive reflectance measurements using obliquely oriented fiber probes,” J. Biomed. Opt. 10(4), 044017 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Georgakoudi, B. C. Jacobson, M. G. Müller, E. E. Sheets, K. Badizadegan, D. L. Carr-Locke, C. P. Crum, C. W. Boone, R. R. Dasari, J. Van Dam, and M. S. Feld, “NAD(P)H and collagen as in vivo quantitative fluorescent biomarkers of epithelial precancerous changes,” Cancer Res. 62(3), 682–687 (2002). [PubMed]
- G. Zonios, L. T. Perelman, V. M. Backman, R. Manoharan, M. Fitzmaurice, J. Van Dam, and M. S. Feld, “Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of human adenomatous colon polyps in vivo,” Appl. Opt. 38(31), 6628–6637 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Amelink, O. P. Kaspers, H. J. Sterenborg, J. E. van der Wal, J. L. Roodenburg, and M. J. Witjes, “Non-invasive measurement of the morphology and physiology of oral mucosa by use of optical spectroscopy,” Oral Oncol. 44(1), 65–71 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Zhang, W. Verkruysse, B. Choi, J. A. Viator, B. Jung, L. O. Svaasand, G. Aguilar, and J. S. Nelson, “Determination of human skin optical properties from spectrophotometric measurements based on optimization by genetic algorithms,” J. Biomed. Opt. 10(2), 024030 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Thueler, I. Charvet, F. Bevilacqua, M. St. Ghislain, G. Ory, P. Marquet, P. Meda, B. Vermeulen, and C. Depeursinge, “In vivo endoscopic tissue diagnostics based on spectroscopic absorption, scattering, and phase function properties,” J. Biomed. Opt. 8(3), 495–503 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Zhang, W. Verkruysse, B. Choi, J. A. Viator, B. Jung, L. O. Svaasand, G. Aguilar, and J. S. Nelson, “Determination of human skin optical properties from spectrophotometric measurements based on optimization by genetic algorithms,” J. Biomed. Opt. 10(2), 024030 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Q. Brown, K. Vishwanath, G. M. Palmer, and N. Ramanujam, “Advances in quantitative UV-visible spectroscopy for clinical and pre-clinical application in cancer,” Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 20(1), 119–131 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. M. J. Wang, J. E. Bender, J. Pfefer, U. Utzinger, and R. A. Drezek, “Depth-sensitive reflectance measurements using obliquely oriented fiber probes,” J. Biomed. Opt. 10(4), 044017 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Wang, S. L. Jacques, and L. Zheng, “MCML--Monte Carlo modeling of light transport in multi-layered tissues,” Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 47(2), 131–146 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. McGee, J. Mirkovic, V. Mardirossian, A. Elackattu, C. C. Yu, S. Kabani, G. Gallagher, R. Pistey, L. Galindo, K. Badizadegan, Z. Wang, R. Dasari, M. S. Feld, and G. Grillone, “Model-based spectroscopic analysis of the oral cavity: impact of anatomy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(6), 064034 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Pavlova, C. R. Weber, R. A. Schwarz, M. Williams, A. El-Naggar, A. Gillenwater, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Monte Carlo model to describe depth selective fluorescence spectra of epithelial tissue: applications for diagnosis of oral precancer,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(6), 064012 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. R. Weber, D. J. Cuccia, A. J. Durkin, and B. J. Tromberg, “Noncontact imaging of absorption and scattering in layered tissue using spatially modulated structured light,” J. Appl. Phys. 105(10), 102028 (2009). [CrossRef]
- I. Pavlova, C. R. Weber, R. A. Schwarz, M. Williams, A. El-Naggar, A. Gillenwater, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Monte Carlo model to describe depth selective fluorescence spectra of epithelial tissue: applications for diagnosis of oral precancer,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(6), 064012 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Kim, M. Roy, F. Dadani, and B. C. Wilson, “A fiberoptic reflectance probe with multiple source-collector separations to increase the dynamic range of derived tissue optical absorption and scattering coefficients,” Opt. Express 18(6), 5580–5594 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Kienle, L. Lilge, M. S. Patterson, R. Hibst, R. Steiner, and B. C. Wilson, “Spatially resolved absolute diffuse reflectance measurements for noninvasive determination of the optical scattering and absorption coefficients of biological tissue,” Appl. Opt. 35(13), 2304–2314 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. S. Patterson, B. Chance, and B. C. Wilson, “Time resolved reflectance and transmittance for the non-invasive measurement of tissue optical properties,” Appl. Opt. 28(12), 2331–2336 (1989). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Amelink, O. P. Kaspers, H. J. Sterenborg, J. E. van der Wal, J. L. Roodenburg, and M. J. Witjes, “Non-invasive measurement of the morphology and physiology of oral mucosa by use of optical spectroscopy,” Oral Oncol. 44(1), 65–71 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. McGee, J. Mirkovic, V. Mardirossian, A. Elackattu, C. C. Yu, S. Kabani, G. Gallagher, R. Pistey, L. Galindo, K. Badizadegan, Z. Wang, R. Dasari, M. S. Feld, and G. Grillone, “Model-based spectroscopic analysis of the oral cavity: impact of anatomy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(6), 064034 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Zhang, W. Verkruysse, B. Choi, J. A. Viator, B. Jung, L. O. Svaasand, G. Aguilar, and J. S. Nelson, “Determination of human skin optical properties from spectrophotometric measurements based on optimization by genetic algorithms,” J. Biomed. Opt. 10(2), 024030 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Wang, S. L. Jacques, and L. Zheng, “MCML--Monte Carlo modeling of light transport in multi-layered tissues,” Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 47(2), 131–146 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Appl. Opt.
- G. Zonios, L. T. Perelman, V. M. Backman, R. Manoharan, M. Fitzmaurice, J. Van Dam, and M. S. Feld, “Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of human adenomatous colon polyps in vivo,” Appl. Opt. 38(31), 6628–6637 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- T. H. Pham, F. Bevilacqua, T. Spott, J. S. Dam, B. J. Tromberg, and S. Andersson-Engels, “Quantifying the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of tissuelike turbid media over a broad spectral range with noncontact Fourier-transform hyperspectral imaging,” Appl. Opt. 39(34), 6487–6497 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- S. McGee, J. Mirkovic, V. Mardirossian, A. Elackattu, C. C. Yu, S. Kabani, G. Gallagher, R. Pistey, L. Galindo, K. Badizadegan, Z. Wang, R. Dasari, M. S. Feld, and G. Grillone, “Model-based spectroscopic analysis of the oral cavity: impact of anatomy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 13(6), 064034 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- P. R. Bargo, S. A. Prahl, T. T. Goodell, R. A. Sleven, G. Koval, G. Blair, and S. L. Jacques, “In vivo determination of optical properties of normal and tumor tissue with white light reflectance and an empirical light transport model during endoscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt. 10(3), 034018 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Zhang, W. Verkruysse, B. Choi, J. A. Viator, B. Jung, L. O. Svaasand, G. Aguilar, and J. S. Nelson, “Determination of human skin optical properties from spectrophotometric measurements based on optimization by genetic algorithms,” J. Biomed. Opt. 10(2), 024030 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. M. J. Wang, J. E. Bender, J. Pfefer, U. Utzinger, and R. A. Drezek, “Depth-sensitive reflectance measurements using obliquely oriented fiber probes,” J. Biomed. Opt. 10(4), 044017 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- P. Thueler, I. Charvet, F. Bevilacqua, M. St. Ghislain, G. Ory, P. Marquet, P. Meda, B. Vermeulen, and C. Depeursinge, “In vivo endoscopic tissue diagnostics based on spectroscopic absorption, scattering, and phase function properties,” J. Biomed. Opt. 8(3), 495–503 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. Georgakoudi, B. C. Jacobson, M. G. Müller, E. E. Sheets, K. Badizadegan, D. L. Carr-Locke, C. P. Crum, C. W. Boone, R. R. Dasari, J. Van Dam, and M. S. Feld, “NAD(P)H and collagen as in vivo quantitative fluorescent biomarkers of epithelial precancerous changes,” Cancer Res. 62(3), 682–687 (2002). [PubMed]
- T. H. Pham, F. Bevilacqua, T. Spott, J. S. Dam, B. J. Tromberg, and S. Andersson-Engels, “Quantifying the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of tissuelike turbid media over a broad spectral range with noncontact Fourier-transform hyperspectral imaging,” Appl. Opt. 39(34), 6487–6497 (2000). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. M. P. Doornbos, R. Lang, M. C. Aalders, F. W. Cross, and H. J. Sterenborg, “The determination of in vivo human tissue optical properties and absolute chromophore concentrations using spatially resolved steady-state diffuse reflectance spectroscopy,” Phys. Med. Biol. 44(4), 967–981 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Kienle, L. Lilge, M. S. Patterson, R. Hibst, R. Steiner, and B. C. Wilson, “Spatially resolved absolute diffuse reflectance measurements for noninvasive determination of the optical scattering and absorption coefficients of biological tissue,” Appl. Opt. 35(13), 2304–2314 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Wang, S. L. Jacques, and L. Zheng, “MCML--Monte Carlo modeling of light transport in multi-layered tissues,” Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 47(2), 131–146 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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