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Chemical visualization of individual chondrocytes in articular cartilage by attenuated-total-reflection Fourier Transform Infrared MicroimagingJianhua Yin and Yang Xia »View Author Affiliations
Jianhua Yin
and Yang Xia*
Department of Physics and Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA *Corresponding author: xia@oakland.edu |
Biomedical Optics Express, Vol. 2, Issue 4, pp. 937-945 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/BOE.2.000937
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Abstract
Fourier transform infrared imaging (FTIRI) and the attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared microimaging (ATR-FTIRM) were used to study the chemical and structural distributions of cellular components surrounding individual chondrocytes in canine humeral cartilage, at 6.25µm pixel resolution in FTIRI and 1.56µm pixel resolution in ATR-FTIRM. The chemical and structural distributions of the cellular components in chondrocytes and tissue can be successfully imaged in high resolution ATR-FTIRM. One can also study the territorial matrix of fine collagen fibrils surrounding the individual chondrocytes by the polarization experiments using the absorption ratio of amide I to amide II bands.
© 2011 OSA
OCIS Codes
(110.3080) Imaging systems : Infrared imaging
(120.6200) Instrumentation, measurement, and metrology : Spectrometers and spectroscopic instrumentation
(170.1530) Medical optics and biotechnology : Cell analysis
(170.3880) Medical optics and biotechnology : Medical and biological imaging
(170.3890) Medical optics and biotechnology : Medical optics instrumentation
(300.6340) Spectroscopy : Spectroscopy, infrared
ToC Category:
Cell Studies
History
Original Manuscript: December 20, 2010
Revised Manuscript: February 25, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: March 7, 2011
Published: March 18, 2011
Citation
Jianhua Yin and Yang Xia, "Chemical visualization of individual chondrocytes in articular cartilage by attenuated-total-reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Microimaging," Biomed. Opt. Express 2, 937-945 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-2-4-937
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References
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- I. K. Y. Lo, P. Sciore, M. Chung, S. Liang, R. B. Boorman, G. M. Thornton, J. B. Rattner, and K. Muldrew, “Local anesthetics induce chondrocyte death in bovine articular cartilage disks in a dose- and duration-dependent manner,” Arthroscopy J. Arthroscopic. Rel. Surg. 25(7), 707–715 (2009). [CrossRef]
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- J. Lee, E. Gazi, J. Dwyer, M. D. Brown, N. W. Clarke, J. M. Nicholson, and P. Gardner, “Optical artefacts in transflection mode FTIR microspectroscopic images of single cells on a biological support: the effect of back-scattering into collection optics,” Analyst (Lond.) 132(8), 750–755 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- S. J. Curran, R. Chen, J. M. Curran, and J. A. Hunt, “Expansion of human chondrocytes in an intermittent stirred flow bioreactor, using modified biodegradable microspheres,” Tissue Eng. 11(9-10), 1312–1322 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. Dluhy, “Infrared spectroscopy of biophysical monomolecular films at interfaces: theory and applications, ” Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 35(4), 315–351 (2000). [CrossRef]
- N. Jamin, P. Dumas, J. Moncuit, W. H. Fridman, J. L. Teillaud, G. L. Carr, and G. P. Williams, “Highly resolved chemical imaging of living cells by using synchrotron infrared microspectrometry,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95(9), 4837–4840 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Dunham, D. R. Shackleton, M. E. Billingham, L. Bitensky, J. Chayen, and I. H. Muir, “A reappraisal of the structure of normal canine articular cartilage,” J. Anat. 157, 89–99 (1988). [PubMed]
- J. A. Ryan, E. A. Eisner, G. DuRaine, Z. You, and A. Hari Reddi, “Mechanical compression of articular cartilage induces chondrocyte proliferation and inhibits proteoglycan synthesis by activation of the ERK pathway: implications for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine,” J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 3(2), 107–116 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Lee, E. Gazi, J. Dwyer, M. D. Brown, N. W. Clarke, J. M. Nicholson, and P. Gardner, “Optical artefacts in transflection mode FTIR microspectroscopic images of single cells on a biological support: the effect of back-scattering into collection optics,” Analyst (Lond.) 132(8), 750–755 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. A. Ryan, E. A. Eisner, G. DuRaine, Z. You, and A. Hari Reddi, “Mechanical compression of articular cartilage induces chondrocyte proliferation and inhibits proteoglycan synthesis by activation of the ERK pathway: implications for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine,” J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 3(2), 107–116 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Jamin, P. Dumas, J. Moncuit, W. H. Fridman, J. L. Teillaud, G. L. Carr, and G. P. Williams, “Highly resolved chemical imaging of living cells by using synchrotron infrared microspectrometry,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95(9), 4837–4840 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Lee, E. Gazi, J. Dwyer, M. D. Brown, N. W. Clarke, J. M. Nicholson, and P. Gardner, “Optical artefacts in transflection mode FTIR microspectroscopic images of single cells on a biological support: the effect of back-scattering into collection optics,” Analyst (Lond.) 132(8), 750–755 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Lee, E. Gazi, J. Dwyer, M. D. Brown, N. W. Clarke, J. M. Nicholson, and P. Gardner, “Optical artefacts in transflection mode FTIR microspectroscopic images of single cells on a biological support: the effect of back-scattering into collection optics,” Analyst (Lond.) 132(8), 750–755 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. C. Hall, “Volume-sensitive taurine transport in bovine articular chondrocytes,” J. Physiol. 484(Pt 3), 755–766 (1995). [PubMed]
- H. A. Alhadlaq, Y. Xia, F. M. Hansen, C. M. Les, and G. Lust, “Morphological changes in articular cartilage due to static compression: polarized light microscopy study,” Connect. Tissue Res. 48(2), 76–84 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Hardingham, S. Tew, and A. Murdoch, “Tissue engineering: chondrocytes and cartilage,” Arthritis Res. 4(Suppl 3), S63–S68 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Kolettas, H. I. Muir, J. C. Barrett, and T. E. Hardingham, “Chondrocyte phenotype and cell survival are regulated by culture conditions and by specific cytokines through the expression of Sox-9 transcription factor,” Rheumatology (Oxford) 40(10), 1146–1156 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. A. Ryan, E. A. Eisner, G. DuRaine, Z. You, and A. Hari Reddi, “Mechanical compression of articular cartilage induces chondrocyte proliferation and inhibits proteoglycan synthesis by activation of the ERK pathway: implications for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine,” J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 3(2), 107–116 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Hashimoto, R. L. Ochs, F. Rosen, J. Quach, G. McCabe, J. Solan, J. E. Seegmiller, R. Terkeltaub, and M. Lotz, “Chondrocyte-derived apoptotic bodies and calcification of articular cartilage,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95(6), 3094–3099 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Z. Wang, Y. P. Huang, Q. Wang, Y. P. Zheng, and Y. H. He, “Assessment of depth and degeneration dependences of articular cartilage refractive index using optical coherence tomography in vitro,” Connect. Tissue Res. 51(1), 36–47 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Yamaoka, H. Asato, T. Ogasawara, S. Nishizawa, T. Takahashi, T. Nakatsuka, I. Koshima, K. Nakamura, H. Kawaguchi, U. I. Chung, T. Takato, and K. Hoshi, “Cartilage tissue engineering using human auricular chondrocytes embedded in different hydrogel materials,” J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 78A(1), 1–11 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Xia, J. B. Moody, H. Alhadlaq, and J. N. Hu, “Imaging the physical and morphological properties of a multi-zone young articular cartilage at microscopic resolution,” J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 17(3), 365–374 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Z. Wang, Y. P. Huang, Q. Wang, Y. P. Zheng, and Y. H. He, “Assessment of depth and degeneration dependences of articular cartilage refractive index using optical coherence tomography in vitro,” Connect. Tissue Res. 51(1), 36–47 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. J. Curran, R. Chen, J. M. Curran, and J. A. Hunt, “Expansion of human chondrocytes in an intermittent stirred flow bioreactor, using modified biodegradable microspheres,” Tissue Eng. 11(9-10), 1312–1322 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Tavakol, R. G. Miller, D. P. Bazett-Jones, W. S. Hwang, L. E. McGann, and N. S. Schachar, “Ultrastructural changes of articular cartilage chondrocytes associated with freeze-thawing,” J. Orthop. Res. 11(1), 1–9 (1993). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Brittberg, A. Lindahl, A. Nilsson, C. Ohlsson, O. Isaksson, and L. Peterson, “Treatment of deep cartilage defects in the knee with autologous chondrocyte transplantation,” N. Engl. J. Med. 331(14), 889–895 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Jamin, P. Dumas, J. Moncuit, W. H. Fridman, J. L. Teillaud, G. L. Carr, and G. P. Williams, “Highly resolved chemical imaging of living cells by using synchrotron infrared microspectrometry,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95(9), 4837–4840 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Yamaoka, H. Asato, T. Ogasawara, S. Nishizawa, T. Takahashi, T. Nakatsuka, I. Koshima, K. Nakamura, H. Kawaguchi, U. I. Chung, T. Takato, and K. Hoshi, “Cartilage tissue engineering using human auricular chondrocytes embedded in different hydrogel materials,” J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 78A(1), 1–11 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. G. Kazarian and K. L. A. Chan, “Micro- and macro-attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging,” Appl. Spectrosc. 64(5), 135–152 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Kolettas, H. I. Muir, J. C. Barrett, and T. E. Hardingham, “Chondrocyte phenotype and cell survival are regulated by culture conditions and by specific cytokines through the expression of Sox-9 transcription factor,” Rheumatology (Oxford) 40(10), 1146–1156 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Yamaoka, H. Asato, T. Ogasawara, S. Nishizawa, T. Takahashi, T. Nakatsuka, I. Koshima, K. Nakamura, H. Kawaguchi, U. I. Chung, T. Takato, and K. Hoshi, “Cartilage tissue engineering using human auricular chondrocytes embedded in different hydrogel materials,” J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 78A(1), 1–11 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. V. Koulis, J. A. Reffner, and A. M. Bibby, “Comparison of transmission and internal reflection infrared spectra of cocaine,” J. Forensic Sci. 46(4), 822–829 (2001). [PubMed]
- J. Lee, E. Gazi, J. Dwyer, M. D. Brown, N. W. Clarke, J. M. Nicholson, and P. Gardner, “Optical artefacts in transflection mode FTIR microspectroscopic images of single cells on a biological support: the effect of back-scattering into collection optics,” Analyst (Lond.) 132(8), 750–755 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. A. Alhadlaq, Y. Xia, F. M. Hansen, C. M. Les, and G. Lust, “Morphological changes in articular cartilage due to static compression: polarized light microscopy study,” Connect. Tissue Res. 48(2), 76–84 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. K. Y. Lo, P. Sciore, M. Chung, S. Liang, R. B. Boorman, G. M. Thornton, J. B. Rattner, and K. Muldrew, “Local anesthetics induce chondrocyte death in bovine articular cartilage disks in a dose- and duration-dependent manner,” Arthroscopy J. Arthroscopic. Rel. Surg. 25(7), 707–715 (2009). [CrossRef]
- M. Brittberg, A. Lindahl, A. Nilsson, C. Ohlsson, O. Isaksson, and L. Peterson, “Treatment of deep cartilage defects in the knee with autologous chondrocyte transplantation,” N. Engl. J. Med. 331(14), 889–895 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. K. Y. Lo, P. Sciore, M. Chung, S. Liang, R. B. Boorman, G. M. Thornton, J. B. Rattner, and K. Muldrew, “Local anesthetics induce chondrocyte death in bovine articular cartilage disks in a dose- and duration-dependent manner,” Arthroscopy J. Arthroscopic. Rel. Surg. 25(7), 707–715 (2009). [CrossRef]
- S. Hashimoto, R. L. Ochs, F. Rosen, J. Quach, G. McCabe, J. Solan, J. E. Seegmiller, R. Terkeltaub, and M. Lotz, “Chondrocyte-derived apoptotic bodies and calcification of articular cartilage,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95(6), 3094–3099 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Xia, H. Alhadlaq, N. Ramakrishnan, A. Bidthanapally, F. Badar, and M. Lu, “Molecular and morphological adaptations in compressed articular cartilage by polarized light microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared imaging,” J. Struct. Biol. 164(1), 88–95 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. A. Alhadlaq, Y. Xia, F. M. Hansen, C. M. Les, and G. Lust, “Morphological changes in articular cartilage due to static compression: polarized light microscopy study,” Connect. Tissue Res. 48(2), 76–84 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. C. Scott, A. Luttge, and K. A. Athanasiou, “Development and validation of vertical scanning interferometry as a novel method for acquiring chondrocyte geometry,” J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 72A(1), 83–90 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Hashimoto, R. L. Ochs, F. Rosen, J. Quach, G. McCabe, J. Solan, J. E. Seegmiller, R. Terkeltaub, and M. Lotz, “Chondrocyte-derived apoptotic bodies and calcification of articular cartilage,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95(6), 3094–3099 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Tavakol, R. G. Miller, D. P. Bazett-Jones, W. S. Hwang, L. E. McGann, and N. S. Schachar, “Ultrastructural changes of articular cartilage chondrocytes associated with freeze-thawing,” J. Orthop. Res. 11(1), 1–9 (1993). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. P. Camacho, P. West, P. A. Torzilli, and R. Mendelsohn, “FTIR microscopic imaging of collagen and proteoglycan in bovine cartilage,” Biopolymers 62(1), 1–8 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Tavakol, R. G. Miller, D. P. Bazett-Jones, W. S. Hwang, L. E. McGann, and N. S. Schachar, “Ultrastructural changes of articular cartilage chondrocytes associated with freeze-thawing,” J. Orthop. Res. 11(1), 1–9 (1993). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Jamin, P. Dumas, J. Moncuit, W. H. Fridman, J. L. Teillaud, G. L. Carr, and G. P. Williams, “Highly resolved chemical imaging of living cells by using synchrotron infrared microspectrometry,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95(9), 4837–4840 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Xia, J. B. Moody, H. Alhadlaq, and J. N. Hu, “Imaging the physical and morphological properties of a multi-zone young articular cartilage at microscopic resolution,” J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 17(3), 365–374 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Kolettas, H. I. Muir, J. C. Barrett, and T. E. Hardingham, “Chondrocyte phenotype and cell survival are regulated by culture conditions and by specific cytokines through the expression of Sox-9 transcription factor,” Rheumatology (Oxford) 40(10), 1146–1156 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Dunham, D. R. Shackleton, M. E. Billingham, L. Bitensky, J. Chayen, and I. H. Muir, “A reappraisal of the structure of normal canine articular cartilage,” J. Anat. 157, 89–99 (1988). [PubMed]
- I. K. Y. Lo, P. Sciore, M. Chung, S. Liang, R. B. Boorman, G. M. Thornton, J. B. Rattner, and K. Muldrew, “Local anesthetics induce chondrocyte death in bovine articular cartilage disks in a dose- and duration-dependent manner,” Arthroscopy J. Arthroscopic. Rel. Surg. 25(7), 707–715 (2009). [CrossRef]
- T. Hardingham, S. Tew, and A. Murdoch, “Tissue engineering: chondrocytes and cartilage,” Arthritis Res. 4(Suppl 3), S63–S68 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Yamaoka, H. Asato, T. Ogasawara, S. Nishizawa, T. Takahashi, T. Nakatsuka, I. Koshima, K. Nakamura, H. Kawaguchi, U. I. Chung, T. Takato, and K. Hoshi, “Cartilage tissue engineering using human auricular chondrocytes embedded in different hydrogel materials,” J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 78A(1), 1–11 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Yamaoka, H. Asato, T. Ogasawara, S. Nishizawa, T. Takahashi, T. Nakatsuka, I. Koshima, K. Nakamura, H. Kawaguchi, U. I. Chung, T. Takato, and K. Hoshi, “Cartilage tissue engineering using human auricular chondrocytes embedded in different hydrogel materials,” J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 78A(1), 1–11 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Lee, E. Gazi, J. Dwyer, M. D. Brown, N. W. Clarke, J. M. Nicholson, and P. Gardner, “Optical artefacts in transflection mode FTIR microspectroscopic images of single cells on a biological support: the effect of back-scattering into collection optics,” Analyst (Lond.) 132(8), 750–755 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Brittberg, A. Lindahl, A. Nilsson, C. Ohlsson, O. Isaksson, and L. Peterson, “Treatment of deep cartilage defects in the knee with autologous chondrocyte transplantation,” N. Engl. J. Med. 331(14), 889–895 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Yamaoka, H. Asato, T. Ogasawara, S. Nishizawa, T. Takahashi, T. Nakatsuka, I. Koshima, K. Nakamura, H. Kawaguchi, U. I. Chung, T. Takato, and K. Hoshi, “Cartilage tissue engineering using human auricular chondrocytes embedded in different hydrogel materials,” J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 78A(1), 1–11 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Hashimoto, R. L. Ochs, F. Rosen, J. Quach, G. McCabe, J. Solan, J. E. Seegmiller, R. Terkeltaub, and M. Lotz, “Chondrocyte-derived apoptotic bodies and calcification of articular cartilage,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95(6), 3094–3099 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Yamaoka, H. Asato, T. Ogasawara, S. Nishizawa, T. Takahashi, T. Nakatsuka, I. Koshima, K. Nakamura, H. Kawaguchi, U. I. Chung, T. Takato, and K. Hoshi, “Cartilage tissue engineering using human auricular chondrocytes embedded in different hydrogel materials,” J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 78A(1), 1–11 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Brittberg, A. Lindahl, A. Nilsson, C. Ohlsson, O. Isaksson, and L. Peterson, “Treatment of deep cartilage defects in the knee with autologous chondrocyte transplantation,” N. Engl. J. Med. 331(14), 889–895 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Brittberg, A. Lindahl, A. Nilsson, C. Ohlsson, O. Isaksson, and L. Peterson, “Treatment of deep cartilage defects in the knee with autologous chondrocyte transplantation,” N. Engl. J. Med. 331(14), 889–895 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Hashimoto, R. L. Ochs, F. Rosen, J. Quach, G. McCabe, J. Solan, J. E. Seegmiller, R. Terkeltaub, and M. Lotz, “Chondrocyte-derived apoptotic bodies and calcification of articular cartilage,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95(6), 3094–3099 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Xia, H. Alhadlaq, N. Ramakrishnan, A. Bidthanapally, F. Badar, and M. Lu, “Molecular and morphological adaptations in compressed articular cartilage by polarized light microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared imaging,” J. Struct. Biol. 164(1), 88–95 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Xia, N. Ramakrishnan, and A. Bidthanapally, “The depth-dependent anisotropy of articular cartilage by Fourier-transform infrared imaging (FTIRI),” Osteoarthritis Cartilage 15(7), 780–788 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Ramakrishnan, Y. Xia, and A. Bidthanapally, “Polarized IR microscopic imaging of articular cartilage,” Phys. Med. Biol. 52(15), 4601–4614 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. K. Y. Lo, P. Sciore, M. Chung, S. Liang, R. B. Boorman, G. M. Thornton, J. B. Rattner, and K. Muldrew, “Local anesthetics induce chondrocyte death in bovine articular cartilage disks in a dose- and duration-dependent manner,” Arthroscopy J. Arthroscopic. Rel. Surg. 25(7), 707–715 (2009). [CrossRef]
- C. V. Koulis, J. A. Reffner, and A. M. Bibby, “Comparison of transmission and internal reflection infrared spectra of cocaine,” J. Forensic Sci. 46(4), 822–829 (2001). [PubMed]
- S. Hashimoto, R. L. Ochs, F. Rosen, J. Quach, G. McCabe, J. Solan, J. E. Seegmiller, R. Terkeltaub, and M. Lotz, “Chondrocyte-derived apoptotic bodies and calcification of articular cartilage,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95(6), 3094–3099 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. A. Ryan, E. A. Eisner, G. DuRaine, Z. You, and A. Hari Reddi, “Mechanical compression of articular cartilage induces chondrocyte proliferation and inhibits proteoglycan synthesis by activation of the ERK pathway: implications for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine,” J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 3(2), 107–116 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Tavakol, R. G. Miller, D. P. Bazett-Jones, W. S. Hwang, L. E. McGann, and N. S. Schachar, “Ultrastructural changes of articular cartilage chondrocytes associated with freeze-thawing,” J. Orthop. Res. 11(1), 1–9 (1993). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. K. Y. Lo, P. Sciore, M. Chung, S. Liang, R. B. Boorman, G. M. Thornton, J. B. Rattner, and K. Muldrew, “Local anesthetics induce chondrocyte death in bovine articular cartilage disks in a dose- and duration-dependent manner,” Arthroscopy J. Arthroscopic. Rel. Surg. 25(7), 707–715 (2009). [CrossRef]
- C. C. Scott, A. Luttge, and K. A. Athanasiou, “Development and validation of vertical scanning interferometry as a novel method for acquiring chondrocyte geometry,” J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 72A(1), 83–90 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Hashimoto, R. L. Ochs, F. Rosen, J. Quach, G. McCabe, J. Solan, J. E. Seegmiller, R. Terkeltaub, and M. Lotz, “Chondrocyte-derived apoptotic bodies and calcification of articular cartilage,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95(6), 3094–3099 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Dunham, D. R. Shackleton, M. E. Billingham, L. Bitensky, J. Chayen, and I. H. Muir, “A reappraisal of the structure of normal canine articular cartilage,” J. Anat. 157, 89–99 (1988). [PubMed]
- S. Hashimoto, R. L. Ochs, F. Rosen, J. Quach, G. McCabe, J. Solan, J. E. Seegmiller, R. Terkeltaub, and M. Lotz, “Chondrocyte-derived apoptotic bodies and calcification of articular cartilage,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95(6), 3094–3099 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. Stockwell, “Chondrocytes,” J. Clin. Pathol. Suppl. (R Coll Pathol) 12, 7–13 (1978). [PubMed]
- H. Yamaoka, H. Asato, T. Ogasawara, S. Nishizawa, T. Takahashi, T. Nakatsuka, I. Koshima, K. Nakamura, H. Kawaguchi, U. I. Chung, T. Takato, and K. Hoshi, “Cartilage tissue engineering using human auricular chondrocytes embedded in different hydrogel materials,” J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 78A(1), 1–11 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Yamaoka, H. Asato, T. Ogasawara, S. Nishizawa, T. Takahashi, T. Nakatsuka, I. Koshima, K. Nakamura, H. Kawaguchi, U. I. Chung, T. Takato, and K. Hoshi, “Cartilage tissue engineering using human auricular chondrocytes embedded in different hydrogel materials,” J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 78A(1), 1–11 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Tavakol, R. G. Miller, D. P. Bazett-Jones, W. S. Hwang, L. E. McGann, and N. S. Schachar, “Ultrastructural changes of articular cartilage chondrocytes associated with freeze-thawing,” J. Orthop. Res. 11(1), 1–9 (1993). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Jamin, P. Dumas, J. Moncuit, W. H. Fridman, J. L. Teillaud, G. L. Carr, and G. P. Williams, “Highly resolved chemical imaging of living cells by using synchrotron infrared microspectrometry,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95(9), 4837–4840 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Hashimoto, R. L. Ochs, F. Rosen, J. Quach, G. McCabe, J. Solan, J. E. Seegmiller, R. Terkeltaub, and M. Lotz, “Chondrocyte-derived apoptotic bodies and calcification of articular cartilage,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95(6), 3094–3099 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Hardingham, S. Tew, and A. Murdoch, “Tissue engineering: chondrocytes and cartilage,” Arthritis Res. 4(Suppl 3), S63–S68 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I. K. Y. Lo, P. Sciore, M. Chung, S. Liang, R. B. Boorman, G. M. Thornton, J. B. Rattner, and K. Muldrew, “Local anesthetics induce chondrocyte death in bovine articular cartilage disks in a dose- and duration-dependent manner,” Arthroscopy J. Arthroscopic. Rel. Surg. 25(7), 707–715 (2009). [CrossRef]
- P. A. West, M. P. G. Bostrom, P. A. Torzilli, and N. P. Camacho, “Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis of degenerative cartilage: an infrared fiber optic probe and imaging study,” Appl. Spectrosc. 58(4), 376–381 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. P. Camacho, P. West, P. A. Torzilli, and R. Mendelsohn, “FTIR microscopic imaging of collagen and proteoglycan in bovine cartilage,” Biopolymers 62(1), 1–8 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Z. Wang, Y. P. Huang, Q. Wang, Y. P. Zheng, and Y. H. He, “Assessment of depth and degeneration dependences of articular cartilage refractive index using optical coherence tomography in vitro,” Connect. Tissue Res. 51(1), 36–47 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Z. Wang, Y. P. Huang, Q. Wang, Y. P. Zheng, and Y. H. He, “Assessment of depth and degeneration dependences of articular cartilage refractive index using optical coherence tomography in vitro,” Connect. Tissue Res. 51(1), 36–47 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. P. Camacho, P. West, P. A. Torzilli, and R. Mendelsohn, “FTIR microscopic imaging of collagen and proteoglycan in bovine cartilage,” Biopolymers 62(1), 1–8 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Jamin, P. Dumas, J. Moncuit, W. H. Fridman, J. L. Teillaud, G. L. Carr, and G. P. Williams, “Highly resolved chemical imaging of living cells by using synchrotron infrared microspectrometry,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95(9), 4837–4840 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J.-H. Yin and Y. Xia, “Macromolecular concentrations in bovine nasal cartilage by Fourier transform infrared imaging and principal component regression,” Appl. Spectrosc. 64(11), 1199–1208 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Xia, H. Alhadlaq, N. Ramakrishnan, A. Bidthanapally, F. Badar, and M. Lu, “Molecular and morphological adaptations in compressed articular cartilage by polarized light microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared imaging,” J. Struct. Biol. 164(1), 88–95 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. A. Alhadlaq, Y. Xia, F. M. Hansen, C. M. Les, and G. Lust, “Morphological changes in articular cartilage due to static compression: polarized light microscopy study,” Connect. Tissue Res. 48(2), 76–84 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Xia, N. Ramakrishnan, and A. Bidthanapally, “The depth-dependent anisotropy of articular cartilage by Fourier-transform infrared imaging (FTIRI),” Osteoarthritis Cartilage 15(7), 780–788 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Ramakrishnan, Y. Xia, and A. Bidthanapally, “Polarized IR microscopic imaging of articular cartilage,” Phys. Med. Biol. 52(15), 4601–4614 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Xia, J. B. Moody, H. Alhadlaq, and J. N. Hu, “Imaging the physical and morphological properties of a multi-zone young articular cartilage at microscopic resolution,” J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 17(3), 365–374 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Yamaoka, H. Asato, T. Ogasawara, S. Nishizawa, T. Takahashi, T. Nakatsuka, I. Koshima, K. Nakamura, H. Kawaguchi, U. I. Chung, T. Takato, and K. Hoshi, “Cartilage tissue engineering using human auricular chondrocytes embedded in different hydrogel materials,” J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 78A(1), 1–11 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Bi, X. Yang, M. P. Bostrom, and N. P. Camacho, “Fourier transform infrared imaging spectroscopy investigations in the pathogenesis and repair of cartilage,” Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1758(7), 934–941 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. A. Ryan, E. A. Eisner, G. DuRaine, Z. You, and A. Hari Reddi, “Mechanical compression of articular cartilage induces chondrocyte proliferation and inhibits proteoglycan synthesis by activation of the ERK pathway: implications for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine,” J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 3(2), 107–116 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Z. Wang, Y. P. Huang, Q. Wang, Y. P. Zheng, and Y. H. He, “Assessment of depth and degeneration dependences of articular cartilage refractive index using optical coherence tomography in vitro,” Connect. Tissue Res. 51(1), 36–47 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Analyst (Lond.)
- J. Lee, E. Gazi, J. Dwyer, M. D. Brown, N. W. Clarke, J. M. Nicholson, and P. Gardner, “Optical artefacts in transflection mode FTIR microspectroscopic images of single cells on a biological support: the effect of back-scattering into collection optics,” Analyst (Lond.) 132(8), 750–755 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Appl. Spectrosc.
- H. J. Gulley-Stahl, S. B. Bledsoe, A. P. Evan, and A. J. Sommer, “The advantages of an attenuated total internal reflection infrared microspectroscopic imaging approach for kidney biopsy analysis,” Appl. Spectrosc. 64(1), 15–22 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- P. A. West, M. P. G. Bostrom, P. A. Torzilli, and N. P. Camacho, “Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis of degenerative cartilage: an infrared fiber optic probe and imaging study,” Appl. Spectrosc. 58(4), 376–381 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Appl. Spectrosc. Rev.
- R. A. Dluhy, “Infrared spectroscopy of biophysical monomolecular films at interfaces: theory and applications, ” Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 35(4), 315–351 (2000). [CrossRef]
Arthritis Res.
- T. Hardingham, S. Tew, and A. Murdoch, “Tissue engineering: chondrocytes and cartilage,” Arthritis Res. 4(Suppl 3), S63–S68 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Arthroscopy J. Arthroscopic. Rel. Surg.
- I. K. Y. Lo, P. Sciore, M. Chung, S. Liang, R. B. Boorman, G. M. Thornton, J. B. Rattner, and K. Muldrew, “Local anesthetics induce chondrocyte death in bovine articular cartilage disks in a dose- and duration-dependent manner,” Arthroscopy J. Arthroscopic. Rel. Surg. 25(7), 707–715 (2009). [CrossRef]
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
- X. Bi, X. Yang, M. P. Bostrom, and N. P. Camacho, “Fourier transform infrared imaging spectroscopy investigations in the pathogenesis and repair of cartilage,” Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1758(7), 934–941 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Biopolymers
- N. P. Camacho, P. West, P. A. Torzilli, and R. Mendelsohn, “FTIR microscopic imaging of collagen and proteoglycan in bovine cartilage,” Biopolymers 62(1), 1–8 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Connect. Tissue Res.
- S. Z. Wang, Y. P. Huang, Q. Wang, Y. P. Zheng, and Y. H. He, “Assessment of depth and degeneration dependences of articular cartilage refractive index using optical coherence tomography in vitro,” Connect. Tissue Res. 51(1), 36–47 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. A. Alhadlaq, Y. Xia, F. M. Hansen, C. M. Les, and G. Lust, “Morphological changes in articular cartilage due to static compression: polarized light microscopy study,” Connect. Tissue Res. 48(2), 76–84 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Anat.
- J. Dunham, D. R. Shackleton, M. E. Billingham, L. Bitensky, J. Chayen, and I. H. Muir, “A reappraisal of the structure of normal canine articular cartilage,” J. Anat. 157, 89–99 (1988). [PubMed]
J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A
- H. Yamaoka, H. Asato, T. Ogasawara, S. Nishizawa, T. Takahashi, T. Nakatsuka, I. Koshima, K. Nakamura, H. Kawaguchi, U. I. Chung, T. Takato, and K. Hoshi, “Cartilage tissue engineering using human auricular chondrocytes embedded in different hydrogel materials,” J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 78A(1), 1–11 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. C. Scott, A. Luttge, and K. A. Athanasiou, “Development and validation of vertical scanning interferometry as a novel method for acquiring chondrocyte geometry,” J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 72A(1), 83–90 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Clin. Pathol. Suppl. (R Coll Pathol)
- R. A. Stockwell, “Chondrocytes,” J. Clin. Pathol. Suppl. (R Coll Pathol) 12, 7–13 (1978). [PubMed]
J. Forensic Sci.
- C. V. Koulis, J. A. Reffner, and A. M. Bibby, “Comparison of transmission and internal reflection infrared spectra of cocaine,” J. Forensic Sci. 46(4), 822–829 (2001). [PubMed]
J. Magn. Reson. Imaging
- Y. Xia, J. B. Moody, H. Alhadlaq, and J. N. Hu, “Imaging the physical and morphological properties of a multi-zone young articular cartilage at microscopic resolution,” J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 17(3), 365–374 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Orthop. Res.
- K. Tavakol, R. G. Miller, D. P. Bazett-Jones, W. S. Hwang, L. E. McGann, and N. S. Schachar, “Ultrastructural changes of articular cartilage chondrocytes associated with freeze-thawing,” J. Orthop. Res. 11(1), 1–9 (1993). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Physiol.
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J. Struct. Biol.
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J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med.
- J. A. Ryan, E. A. Eisner, G. DuRaine, Z. You, and A. Hari Reddi, “Mechanical compression of articular cartilage induces chondrocyte proliferation and inhibits proteoglycan synthesis by activation of the ERK pathway: implications for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine,” J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 3(2), 107–116 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
N. Engl. J. Med.
- M. Brittberg, A. Lindahl, A. Nilsson, C. Ohlsson, O. Isaksson, and L. Peterson, “Treatment of deep cartilage defects in the knee with autologous chondrocyte transplantation,” N. Engl. J. Med. 331(14), 889–895 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Osteoarthritis Cartilage
- Y. Xia, N. Ramakrishnan, and A. Bidthanapally, “The depth-dependent anisotropy of articular cartilage by Fourier-transform infrared imaging (FTIRI),” Osteoarthritis Cartilage 15(7), 780–788 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Phys. Med. Biol.
- N. Ramakrishnan, Y. Xia, and A. Bidthanapally, “Polarized IR microscopic imaging of articular cartilage,” Phys. Med. Biol. 52(15), 4601–4614 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
- S. Hashimoto, R. L. Ochs, F. Rosen, J. Quach, G. McCabe, J. Solan, J. E. Seegmiller, R. Terkeltaub, and M. Lotz, “Chondrocyte-derived apoptotic bodies and calcification of articular cartilage,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95(6), 3094–3099 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Jamin, P. Dumas, J. Moncuit, W. H. Fridman, J. L. Teillaud, G. L. Carr, and G. P. Williams, “Highly resolved chemical imaging of living cells by using synchrotron infrared microspectrometry,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95(9), 4837–4840 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Rheumatology (Oxford)
- E. Kolettas, H. I. Muir, J. C. Barrett, and T. E. Hardingham, “Chondrocyte phenotype and cell survival are regulated by culture conditions and by specific cytokines through the expression of Sox-9 transcription factor,” Rheumatology (Oxford) 40(10), 1146–1156 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Tissue Eng.
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