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Differentiation of pancreatic cysts with optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging: an ex vivo pilot studyNicusor Iftimia, Sevdenur Cizginer, Vikram Deshpande, Martha Pitman, Servet Tatli, Nicolae-Adrian Iftimia, Daniel X Hammer, Mircea Mujat, Teoman Ustun, R. Daniel Ferguson, and William R. Brugge »View Author Affiliations
Nicusor Iftimia,1,6,*
Sevdenur Cizginer,2,6
Vikram Deshpande,3
Martha Pitman,3
Servet Tatli,4
Nicolae-Adrian Iftimia,5
Daniel X Hammer,1
Mircea Mujat,1
Teoman Ustun,1
R. Daniel Ferguson,1
and William R. Brugge2
1Physical Sciences, Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, USA 2Massachusetts General Hospital, Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts, USA 3Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts, USA 4Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts, USA 5Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA 6Equal contribution *Corresponding author: iftimia@psicorp.com |
Biomedical Optics Express, Vol. 2, Issue 8, pp. 2372-2382 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/BOE.2.002372
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Abstract
We demonstrate for the first time that optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging can reliably distinguish between morphologic features of low risk pancreatic cysts (i.e., pseudocysts and serous cystadenomas) and high risk pancreatic cysts (i.e., mucinous cystic neoplasms and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms). In our study fresh pancreatectomy specimens (66) from patients with cystic lesions undergoing surgery were acquired and examined with OCT. A training set of 20 pathology-OCT correlated tissue specimens were used to develop criteria for differentiating between low and high risk cystic lesions. A separate (validation) set of 46 specimens were used to test the OCT criteria by three clinicians, blinded to histopathology findings. Histology was finally used as a ‘gold’ standard for testing OCT findings. OCT was able to reveal specific morphologic features of pancreatic cysts and thus to differentiate between low-risk and high-risk cysts with over 95% sensitivity and specificity. This pilot study suggests that OCT could be used by clinicians in the future to more reliably differentiate between benign and potentially malignant pancreatic cysts. However, in vivo use of OCT requires a probe that has to fit the bore of the pancreas biopsy needle. Therefore, we have developed such probes and planned to start an in vivo pilot study within the very near future.
© 2011 OSA
OCIS Codes
(170.0170) Medical optics and biotechnology : Medical optics and biotechnology
(170.4500) Medical optics and biotechnology : Optical coherence tomography
(170.4580) Medical optics and biotechnology : Optical diagnostics for medicine
(170.6935) Medical optics and biotechnology : Tissue characterization
ToC Category:
Optics in Cancer Research
History
Original Manuscript: June 14, 2011
Revised Manuscript: July 11, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: July 20, 2011
Published: July 25, 2011
Citation
Nicusor Iftimia, Sevdenur Cizginer, Vikram Deshpande, Martha Pitman, Servet Tatli, Nicolae-Adrian Iftimia, Daniel X Hammer, Mircea Mujat, Teoman Ustun, R. Daniel Ferguson, and William R. Brugge, "Differentiation of pancreatic cysts with optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging: an ex vivo pilot study," Biomed. Opt. Express 2, 2372-2382 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-2-8-2372
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References
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- M. B. Pitman, K. Lewandrowski, J. Shen, D. Sahani, W. Brugge, and C. Fernandez-del Castillo, “Pancreatic cysts: preoperative diagnosis and clinical management,” Cancer Cytopathol 118(1), 1–13 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- D. V. Sahani, J. C. Miller, C. Fernàndez del Castillo, W. R. Brugge, J. H. Thrall, and S. I. Lee, “Cystic pancreatic lesions: classification and management,” J. Am. Coll. Radiol. 6(5), 376–380 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Cizginer, V. Deshpande, N. Iftimia, C. Karaca, and W. R. Brugge, “Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging can detect fine morphologic features of pancreatic cystic neoplasms and differentiate between mucinous and non-mucinous cysts,” Gastroenterology 136(5), A-45 (2009). [CrossRef]
- N. A. Belsley, M. B. Pitman, G. Y. Lauwers, W. R. Brugge, and V. Deshpande, “Serous cystadenoma of the pancreas: limitations and pitfalls of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy,” Cancer 114(2), 102–110 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. J. Michaels, E. F. Brachtel, B. C. Bounds, W. R. Brugge, and M. Bishop Pitman, “Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas: cytologic features predict histologic grade,” Cancer 108(3), 163–173 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. R. Brugge, G. Y. Lauwers, D. Sahani, C. Fernandez-del Castillo, and A. L. Warshaw, “Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas,” N. Engl. J. Med. 351(12), 1218–1226 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. R. Brugge, K. Lewandrowski, E. Lee-Lewandrowski, B. A. Centeno, T. Szydlo, S. Regan, C. F. del Castillo, and A. L. Warshaw, “Diagnosis of pancreatic cystic neoplasms: a report of the cooperative pancreatic cyst study,” Gastroenterology 126(5), 1330–1336 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. A. Ahmad, M. L. Kochman, C. Brensinger, W. R. Brugge, D. O. Faigel, F. G. Gress, M. B. Kimmey, N. J. Nickl, T. J. Savides, M. B. Wallace, M. J. Wiersema, and G. G. Ginsberg, “Interobserver agreement among endosonographers for the diagnosis of neoplastic versus non-neoplastic pancreatic cystic lesions,” Gastrointest. Endosc. 58(1), 59–64 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. S. Mallery, B. A. Centeno, P. F. Hahn, Y. Chang, A. L. Warshaw, and W. R. Brugge, “Pancreatic tissue sampling guided by EUS, CT/US, and surgery: a comparison of sensitivity and specificity,” Gastrointest. Endosc. 56(2), 218–224 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. D’Onofrio, A. J. Megibow, N. Faccioli, R. Malagò, P. Capelli, M. Falconi, and R. P. Mucelli, “Comparison of contrast-enhanced sonography and MRI in displaying anatomic features of cystic pancreatic masses,” AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 189(6), 1435–1442 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. J. Megibow, F. P. Lombardo, A. Guarise, G. Carbognin, J. Scholes, N. M. Rofsky, M. Macari, E. J. Balthazar, and C. Procacci, “Cystic pancreatic masses: cross-sectional imaging observations and serial follow-up,” Abdom. Imaging 26(6), 640–647 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Procacci, C. Biasiutti, G. Carbognin, S. Accordini, E. Bicego, A. Guarise, E. Spoto, I. A. Andreis, R. De Marco, and A. J. Megibow, “Characterization of cystic tumors of the pancreas: CT accuracy,” J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 23(6), 906–912 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. R. Brugge, K. Lewandrowski, E. Lee-Lewandrowski, B. A. Centeno, T. Szydlo, S. Regan, C. F. del Castillo, and A. L. Warshaw, “Diagnosis of pancreatic cystic neoplasms: a report of the cooperative pancreatic cyst study,” Gastroenterology 126(5), 1330–1336 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. S. Mallery, B. A. Centeno, P. F. Hahn, Y. Chang, A. L. Warshaw, and W. R. Brugge, “Pancreatic tissue sampling guided by EUS, CT/US, and surgery: a comparison of sensitivity and specificity,” Gastrointest. Endosc. 56(2), 218–224 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science 254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. S. Mallery, B. A. Centeno, P. F. Hahn, Y. Chang, A. L. Warshaw, and W. R. Brugge, “Pancreatic tissue sampling guided by EUS, CT/US, and surgery: a comparison of sensitivity and specificity,” Gastrointest. Endosc. 56(2), 218–224 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Pelaez-Luna and S. T. Chari, “Cyst fluid analysis to diagnose pancreatic cystic lesions: an as yet unfulfilled promise,” Gastroenterology 130(3), 1007–1009, discussion 1009 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. L. Hsiung, D. R. Phatak, Y. Chen, A. D. Aguirre, J. G. Fujimoto, and J. L. Connolly, “Benign and malignant lesions in the human breast depicted with ultrahigh resolution and three-dimensional optical coherence tomography,” Radiology 244(3), 865–874 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Macari, M. E. Finn, G. L. Bennett, K. C. Cho, E. Newman, C. H. Hajdu, and J. S. Babb, “Differentiating pancreatic cystic neoplasms from pancreatic pseudocysts at MR imaging: value of perceived internal debris,” Radiology 251(1), 77–84 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. G. Turner, S. Cizginer, D. Agarwal, J. Yang, M. B. Pitman, and W. R. Brugge, “Diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasia with EUS and FNA: a report of accuracy,” Gastrointest. Endosc. 71(1), 91–98 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Cizginer, V. Deshpande, N. Iftimia, C. Karaca, and W. R. Brugge, “Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging can detect fine morphologic features of pancreatic cystic neoplasms and differentiate between mucinous and non-mucinous cysts,” Gastroenterology 136(5), A-45 (2009). [CrossRef]
- B. C. Visser, B. M. Yeh, A. Qayyum, L. W. Way, C. E. McCulloch, and F. V. Coakley, “Characterization of cystic pancreatic masses: relative accuracy of CT and MRI,” AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 189(3), 648–656 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. L. Hsiung, D. R. Phatak, Y. Chen, A. D. Aguirre, J. G. Fujimoto, and J. L. Connolly, “Benign and malignant lesions in the human breast depicted with ultrahigh resolution and three-dimensional optical coherence tomography,” Radiology 244(3), 865–874 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. D’Onofrio, A. J. Megibow, N. Faccioli, R. Malagò, P. Capelli, M. Falconi, and R. P. Mucelli, “Comparison of contrast-enhanced sonography and MRI in displaying anatomic features of cystic pancreatic masses,” AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 189(6), 1435–1442 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. P. Hariri, G. T. Bonnema, K. Schmidt, A. M. Winkler, V. Korde, K. D. Hatch, J. R. Davis, M. A. Brewer, and J. K. Barton, “Laparoscopic optical coherence tomography imaging of human ovarian cancer,” Gynecol. Oncol. 114(2), 188–194 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Procacci, C. Biasiutti, G. Carbognin, S. Accordini, E. Bicego, A. Guarise, E. Spoto, I. A. Andreis, R. De Marco, and A. J. Megibow, “Characterization of cystic tumors of the pancreas: CT accuracy,” J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 23(6), 906–912 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. R. Brugge, K. Lewandrowski, E. Lee-Lewandrowski, B. A. Centeno, T. Szydlo, S. Regan, C. F. del Castillo, and A. L. Warshaw, “Diagnosis of pancreatic cystic neoplasms: a report of the cooperative pancreatic cyst study,” Gastroenterology 126(5), 1330–1336 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Cizginer, V. Deshpande, N. Iftimia, C. Karaca, and W. R. Brugge, “Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging can detect fine morphologic features of pancreatic cystic neoplasms and differentiate between mucinous and non-mucinous cysts,” Gastroenterology 136(5), A-45 (2009). [CrossRef]
- N. A. Belsley, M. B. Pitman, G. Y. Lauwers, W. R. Brugge, and V. Deshpande, “Serous cystadenoma of the pancreas: limitations and pitfalls of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy,” Cancer 114(2), 102–110 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. A. Testoni, A. Mariani, B. Mangiavillano, P. G. Arcidiacono, S. Di Pietro, and E. Masci, “Intraductal optical coherence tomography for investigating main pancreatic duct strictures,” Am. J. Gastroenterol. 102(2), 269–274 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. A. Evans, B. E. Bouma, J. Bressner, M. Shishkov, G. Y. Lauwers, M. Mino-Kenudson, N. S. Nishioka, and G. J. Tearney, “Identifying intestinal metaplasia at the squamocolumnar junction by using optical coherence tomography,” Gastrointest. Endosc. 65(1), 50–56 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. D’Onofrio, A. J. Megibow, N. Faccioli, R. Malagò, P. Capelli, M. Falconi, and R. P. Mucelli, “Comparison of contrast-enhanced sonography and MRI in displaying anatomic features of cystic pancreatic masses,” AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 189(6), 1435–1442 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. A. Ahmad, M. L. Kochman, C. Brensinger, W. R. Brugge, D. O. Faigel, F. G. Gress, M. B. Kimmey, N. J. Nickl, T. J. Savides, M. B. Wallace, M. J. Wiersema, and G. G. Ginsberg, “Interobserver agreement among endosonographers for the diagnosis of neoplastic versus non-neoplastic pancreatic cystic lesions,” Gastrointest. Endosc. 58(1), 59–64 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. D’Onofrio, A. J. Megibow, N. Faccioli, R. Malagò, P. Capelli, M. Falconi, and R. P. Mucelli, “Comparison of contrast-enhanced sonography and MRI in displaying anatomic features of cystic pancreatic masses,” AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 189(6), 1435–1442 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. P. Federle and K. M. McGrath, “Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas,” Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. 36(2), 365–376, ix (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. E. Ustun, N. V. Iftimia, R. D. Ferguson, and D. X. Hammer, “Real-time processing for Fourier domain optical coherence tomography using a field programmable gate array,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79(11), 114301 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. V. Sahani, J. C. Miller, C. Fernàndez del Castillo, W. R. Brugge, J. H. Thrall, and S. I. Lee, “Cystic pancreatic lesions: classification and management,” J. Am. Coll. Radiol. 6(5), 376–380 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. B. Pitman, K. Lewandrowski, J. Shen, D. Sahani, W. Brugge, and C. Fernandez-del Castillo, “Pancreatic cysts: preoperative diagnosis and clinical management,” Cancer Cytopathol 118(1), 1–13 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. R. Brugge, G. Y. Lauwers, D. Sahani, C. Fernandez-del Castillo, and A. L. Warshaw, “Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas,” N. Engl. J. Med. 351(12), 1218–1226 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. A. Wargo, C. Fernandez-del-Castillo, and A. L. Warshaw, “Management of pancreatic serous cystadenomas,” Adv. Surg. 43(1), 23–34 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Macari, M. E. Finn, G. L. Bennett, K. C. Cho, E. Newman, C. H. Hajdu, and J. S. Babb, “Differentiating pancreatic cystic neoplasms from pancreatic pseudocysts at MR imaging: value of perceived internal debris,” Radiology 251(1), 77–84 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science 254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science 254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. L. Hsiung, D. R. Phatak, Y. Chen, A. D. Aguirre, J. G. Fujimoto, and J. L. Connolly, “Benign and malignant lesions in the human breast depicted with ultrahigh resolution and three-dimensional optical coherence tomography,” Radiology 244(3), 865–874 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. G. Michel, G. T. Kinasewitz, K. M. Fung, and J. I. Keddissi, “Optical coherence tomography as an adjunct to flexible bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of lung cancer: a pilot study,” Chest 138(4), 984–988 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. A. Ahmad, M. L. Kochman, C. Brensinger, W. R. Brugge, D. O. Faigel, F. G. Gress, M. B. Kimmey, N. J. Nickl, T. J. Savides, M. B. Wallace, M. J. Wiersema, and G. G. Ginsberg, “Interobserver agreement among endosonographers for the diagnosis of neoplastic versus non-neoplastic pancreatic cystic lesions,” Gastrointest. Endosc. 58(1), 59–64 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. A. Ahmad, M. L. Kochman, J. D. Lewis, and G. G. Ginsberg, “Can EUS alone differentiate between malignant and benign cystic lesions of the pancreas?” Am. J. Gastroenterol. 96(12), 3295–3300 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Kraft, H. Glanz, S. von Gerlach, H. Wisweh, H. Lubatschowski, and C. Arens, “Clinical value of optical coherence tomography in laryngology,” Head Neck 30(12), 1628–1635 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Khurana, K. J. Mortelé, J. Glickman, S. G. Silverman, and P. R. Ros, “Macrocystic serous adenoma of the pancreas: radiologic-pathologic correlation,” AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 181(1), 119–123 (2003). [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science 254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. A. Ahmad, M. L. Kochman, C. Brensinger, W. R. Brugge, D. O. Faigel, F. G. Gress, M. B. Kimmey, N. J. Nickl, T. J. Savides, M. B. Wallace, M. J. Wiersema, and G. G. Ginsberg, “Interobserver agreement among endosonographers for the diagnosis of neoplastic versus non-neoplastic pancreatic cystic lesions,” Gastrointest. Endosc. 58(1), 59–64 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. J. Megibow, F. P. Lombardo, A. Guarise, G. Carbognin, J. Scholes, N. M. Rofsky, M. Macari, E. J. Balthazar, and C. Procacci, “Cystic pancreatic masses: cross-sectional imaging observations and serial follow-up,” Abdom. Imaging 26(6), 640–647 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Procacci, C. Biasiutti, G. Carbognin, S. Accordini, E. Bicego, A. Guarise, E. Spoto, I. A. Andreis, R. De Marco, and A. J. Megibow, “Characterization of cystic tumors of the pancreas: CT accuracy,” J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 23(6), 906–912 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. S. Mallery, B. A. Centeno, P. F. Hahn, Y. Chang, A. L. Warshaw, and W. R. Brugge, “Pancreatic tissue sampling guided by EUS, CT/US, and surgery: a comparison of sensitivity and specificity,” Gastrointest. Endosc. 56(2), 218–224 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Macari, M. E. Finn, G. L. Bennett, K. C. Cho, E. Newman, C. H. Hajdu, and J. S. Babb, “Differentiating pancreatic cystic neoplasms from pancreatic pseudocysts at MR imaging: value of perceived internal debris,” Radiology 251(1), 77–84 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. E. Ustun, N. V. Iftimia, R. D. Ferguson, and D. X. Hammer, “Real-time processing for Fourier domain optical coherence tomography using a field programmable gate array,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79(11), 114301 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. McLaughlin, L. Scolaro, P. Robbins, S. Hamza, C. Saunders, and D. D. Sampson, “Imaging of human lymph nodes using optical coherence tomography: potential for staging cancer,” Cancer Res. 70(7), 2579–2584 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. P. Hariri, G. T. Bonnema, K. Schmidt, A. M. Winkler, V. Korde, K. D. Hatch, J. R. Davis, M. A. Brewer, and J. K. Barton, “Laparoscopic optical coherence tomography imaging of human ovarian cancer,” Gynecol. Oncol. 114(2), 188–194 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. P. Hariri, G. T. Bonnema, K. Schmidt, A. M. Winkler, V. Korde, K. D. Hatch, J. R. Davis, M. A. Brewer, and J. K. Barton, “Laparoscopic optical coherence tomography imaging of human ovarian cancer,” Gynecol. Oncol. 114(2), 188–194 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science 254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. L. Hsiung, D. R. Phatak, Y. Chen, A. D. Aguirre, J. G. Fujimoto, and J. L. Connolly, “Benign and malignant lesions in the human breast depicted with ultrahigh resolution and three-dimensional optical coherence tomography,” Radiology 244(3), 865–874 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science 254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Cizginer, V. Deshpande, N. Iftimia, C. Karaca, and W. R. Brugge, “Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging can detect fine morphologic features of pancreatic cystic neoplasms and differentiate between mucinous and non-mucinous cysts,” Gastroenterology 136(5), A-45 (2009). [CrossRef]
- T. E. Ustun, N. V. Iftimia, R. D. Ferguson, and D. X. Hammer, “Real-time processing for Fourier domain optical coherence tomography using a field programmable gate array,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79(11), 114301 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Cizginer, V. Deshpande, N. Iftimia, C. Karaca, and W. R. Brugge, “Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging can detect fine morphologic features of pancreatic cystic neoplasms and differentiate between mucinous and non-mucinous cysts,” Gastroenterology 136(5), A-45 (2009). [CrossRef]
- R. G. Michel, G. T. Kinasewitz, K. M. Fung, and J. I. Keddissi, “Optical coherence tomography as an adjunct to flexible bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of lung cancer: a pilot study,” Chest 138(4), 984–988 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Khurana, K. J. Mortelé, J. Glickman, S. G. Silverman, and P. R. Ros, “Macrocystic serous adenoma of the pancreas: radiologic-pathologic correlation,” AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 181(1), 119–123 (2003). [PubMed]
- N. A. Ahmad, M. L. Kochman, C. Brensinger, W. R. Brugge, D. O. Faigel, F. G. Gress, M. B. Kimmey, N. J. Nickl, T. J. Savides, M. B. Wallace, M. J. Wiersema, and G. G. Ginsberg, “Interobserver agreement among endosonographers for the diagnosis of neoplastic versus non-neoplastic pancreatic cystic lesions,” Gastrointest. Endosc. 58(1), 59–64 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. G. Michel, G. T. Kinasewitz, K. M. Fung, and J. I. Keddissi, “Optical coherence tomography as an adjunct to flexible bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of lung cancer: a pilot study,” Chest 138(4), 984–988 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. A. Ahmad, M. L. Kochman, C. Brensinger, W. R. Brugge, D. O. Faigel, F. G. Gress, M. B. Kimmey, N. J. Nickl, T. J. Savides, M. B. Wallace, M. J. Wiersema, and G. G. Ginsberg, “Interobserver agreement among endosonographers for the diagnosis of neoplastic versus non-neoplastic pancreatic cystic lesions,” Gastrointest. Endosc. 58(1), 59–64 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. A. Ahmad, M. L. Kochman, J. D. Lewis, and G. G. Ginsberg, “Can EUS alone differentiate between malignant and benign cystic lesions of the pancreas?” Am. J. Gastroenterol. 96(12), 3295–3300 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. P. Hariri, G. T. Bonnema, K. Schmidt, A. M. Winkler, V. Korde, K. D. Hatch, J. R. Davis, M. A. Brewer, and J. K. Barton, “Laparoscopic optical coherence tomography imaging of human ovarian cancer,” Gynecol. Oncol. 114(2), 188–194 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Kraft, H. Glanz, S. von Gerlach, H. Wisweh, H. Lubatschowski, and C. Arens, “Clinical value of optical coherence tomography in laryngology,” Head Neck 30(12), 1628–1635 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. A. Belsley, M. B. Pitman, G. Y. Lauwers, W. R. Brugge, and V. Deshpande, “Serous cystadenoma of the pancreas: limitations and pitfalls of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy,” Cancer 114(2), 102–110 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. A. Evans, B. E. Bouma, J. Bressner, M. Shishkov, G. Y. Lauwers, M. Mino-Kenudson, N. S. Nishioka, and G. J. Tearney, “Identifying intestinal metaplasia at the squamocolumnar junction by using optical coherence tomography,” Gastrointest. Endosc. 65(1), 50–56 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. R. Brugge, G. Y. Lauwers, D. Sahani, C. Fernandez-del Castillo, and A. L. Warshaw, “Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas,” N. Engl. J. Med. 351(12), 1218–1226 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. S. Lee, A. Sekhar, N. M. Rofsky, and I. Pedrosa, “Prevalence of incidental pancreatic cysts in the adult population on MR imaging,” Am. J. Gastroenterol. 105(9), 2079–2084 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. V. Sahani, J. C. Miller, C. Fernàndez del Castillo, W. R. Brugge, J. H. Thrall, and S. I. Lee, “Cystic pancreatic lesions: classification and management,” J. Am. Coll. Radiol. 6(5), 376–380 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. R. Brugge, K. Lewandrowski, E. Lee-Lewandrowski, B. A. Centeno, T. Szydlo, S. Regan, C. F. del Castillo, and A. L. Warshaw, “Diagnosis of pancreatic cystic neoplasms: a report of the cooperative pancreatic cyst study,” Gastroenterology 126(5), 1330–1336 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. B. Pitman, K. Lewandrowski, J. Shen, D. Sahani, W. Brugge, and C. Fernandez-del Castillo, “Pancreatic cysts: preoperative diagnosis and clinical management,” Cancer Cytopathol 118(1), 1–13 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. R. Brugge, K. Lewandrowski, E. Lee-Lewandrowski, B. A. Centeno, T. Szydlo, S. Regan, C. F. del Castillo, and A. L. Warshaw, “Diagnosis of pancreatic cystic neoplasms: a report of the cooperative pancreatic cyst study,” Gastroenterology 126(5), 1330–1336 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. A. Ahmad, M. L. Kochman, J. D. Lewis, and G. G. Ginsberg, “Can EUS alone differentiate between malignant and benign cystic lesions of the pancreas?” Am. J. Gastroenterol. 96(12), 3295–3300 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science 254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. J. Megibow, F. P. Lombardo, A. Guarise, G. Carbognin, J. Scholes, N. M. Rofsky, M. Macari, E. J. Balthazar, and C. Procacci, “Cystic pancreatic masses: cross-sectional imaging observations and serial follow-up,” Abdom. Imaging 26(6), 640–647 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Kraft, H. Glanz, S. von Gerlach, H. Wisweh, H. Lubatschowski, and C. Arens, “Clinical value of optical coherence tomography in laryngology,” Head Neck 30(12), 1628–1635 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Macari, M. E. Finn, G. L. Bennett, K. C. Cho, E. Newman, C. H. Hajdu, and J. S. Babb, “Differentiating pancreatic cystic neoplasms from pancreatic pseudocysts at MR imaging: value of perceived internal debris,” Radiology 251(1), 77–84 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. J. Megibow, F. P. Lombardo, A. Guarise, G. Carbognin, J. Scholes, N. M. Rofsky, M. Macari, E. J. Balthazar, and C. Procacci, “Cystic pancreatic masses: cross-sectional imaging observations and serial follow-up,” Abdom. Imaging 26(6), 640–647 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. D’Onofrio, A. J. Megibow, N. Faccioli, R. Malagò, P. Capelli, M. Falconi, and R. P. Mucelli, “Comparison of contrast-enhanced sonography and MRI in displaying anatomic features of cystic pancreatic masses,” AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 189(6), 1435–1442 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. S. Mallery, B. A. Centeno, P. F. Hahn, Y. Chang, A. L. Warshaw, and W. R. Brugge, “Pancreatic tissue sampling guided by EUS, CT/US, and surgery: a comparison of sensitivity and specificity,” Gastrointest. Endosc. 56(2), 218–224 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. A. Testoni, A. Mariani, B. Mangiavillano, P. G. Arcidiacono, S. Di Pietro, and E. Masci, “Intraductal optical coherence tomography for investigating main pancreatic duct strictures,” Am. J. Gastroenterol. 102(2), 269–274 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. A. Testoni, A. Mariani, B. Mangiavillano, P. G. Arcidiacono, S. Di Pietro, and E. Masci, “Intraductal optical coherence tomography for investigating main pancreatic duct strictures,” Am. J. Gastroenterol. 102(2), 269–274 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. A. Testoni, A. Mariani, B. Mangiavillano, P. G. Arcidiacono, S. Di Pietro, and E. Masci, “Intraductal optical coherence tomography for investigating main pancreatic duct strictures,” Am. J. Gastroenterol. 102(2), 269–274 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. C. Visser, B. M. Yeh, A. Qayyum, L. W. Way, C. E. McCulloch, and F. V. Coakley, “Characterization of cystic pancreatic masses: relative accuracy of CT and MRI,” AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 189(3), 648–656 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. P. Federle and K. M. McGrath, “Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas,” Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. 36(2), 365–376, ix (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. McLaughlin, L. Scolaro, P. Robbins, S. Hamza, C. Saunders, and D. D. Sampson, “Imaging of human lymph nodes using optical coherence tomography: potential for staging cancer,” Cancer Res. 70(7), 2579–2584 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. D’Onofrio, A. J. Megibow, N. Faccioli, R. Malagò, P. Capelli, M. Falconi, and R. P. Mucelli, “Comparison of contrast-enhanced sonography and MRI in displaying anatomic features of cystic pancreatic masses,” AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 189(6), 1435–1442 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. J. Megibow, F. P. Lombardo, A. Guarise, G. Carbognin, J. Scholes, N. M. Rofsky, M. Macari, E. J. Balthazar, and C. Procacci, “Cystic pancreatic masses: cross-sectional imaging observations and serial follow-up,” Abdom. Imaging 26(6), 640–647 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Procacci, C. Biasiutti, G. Carbognin, S. Accordini, E. Bicego, A. Guarise, E. Spoto, I. A. Andreis, R. De Marco, and A. J. Megibow, “Characterization of cystic tumors of the pancreas: CT accuracy,” J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 23(6), 906–912 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. J. Michaels, E. F. Brachtel, B. C. Bounds, W. R. Brugge, and M. Bishop Pitman, “Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas: cytologic features predict histologic grade,” Cancer 108(3), 163–173 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. G. Michel, G. T. Kinasewitz, K. M. Fung, and J. I. Keddissi, “Optical coherence tomography as an adjunct to flexible bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of lung cancer: a pilot study,” Chest 138(4), 984–988 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. V. Sahani, J. C. Miller, C. Fernàndez del Castillo, W. R. Brugge, J. H. Thrall, and S. I. Lee, “Cystic pancreatic lesions: classification and management,” J. Am. Coll. Radiol. 6(5), 376–380 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. A. Evans, B. E. Bouma, J. Bressner, M. Shishkov, G. Y. Lauwers, M. Mino-Kenudson, N. S. Nishioka, and G. J. Tearney, “Identifying intestinal metaplasia at the squamocolumnar junction by using optical coherence tomography,” Gastrointest. Endosc. 65(1), 50–56 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Khurana, K. J. Mortelé, J. Glickman, S. G. Silverman, and P. R. Ros, “Macrocystic serous adenoma of the pancreas: radiologic-pathologic correlation,” AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 181(1), 119–123 (2003). [PubMed]
- M. D’Onofrio, A. J. Megibow, N. Faccioli, R. Malagò, P. Capelli, M. Falconi, and R. P. Mucelli, “Comparison of contrast-enhanced sonography and MRI in displaying anatomic features of cystic pancreatic masses,” AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 189(6), 1435–1442 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Macari, M. E. Finn, G. L. Bennett, K. C. Cho, E. Newman, C. H. Hajdu, and J. S. Babb, “Differentiating pancreatic cystic neoplasms from pancreatic pseudocysts at MR imaging: value of perceived internal debris,” Radiology 251(1), 77–84 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. A. Ahmad, M. L. Kochman, C. Brensinger, W. R. Brugge, D. O. Faigel, F. G. Gress, M. B. Kimmey, N. J. Nickl, T. J. Savides, M. B. Wallace, M. J. Wiersema, and G. G. Ginsberg, “Interobserver agreement among endosonographers for the diagnosis of neoplastic versus non-neoplastic pancreatic cystic lesions,” Gastrointest. Endosc. 58(1), 59–64 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. A. Evans, B. E. Bouma, J. Bressner, M. Shishkov, G. Y. Lauwers, M. Mino-Kenudson, N. S. Nishioka, and G. J. Tearney, “Identifying intestinal metaplasia at the squamocolumnar junction by using optical coherence tomography,” Gastrointest. Endosc. 65(1), 50–56 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. S. Lee, A. Sekhar, N. M. Rofsky, and I. Pedrosa, “Prevalence of incidental pancreatic cysts in the adult population on MR imaging,” Am. J. Gastroenterol. 105(9), 2079–2084 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Pelaez-Luna and S. T. Chari, “Cyst fluid analysis to diagnose pancreatic cystic lesions: an as yet unfulfilled promise,” Gastroenterology 130(3), 1007–1009, discussion 1009 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. L. Hsiung, D. R. Phatak, Y. Chen, A. D. Aguirre, J. G. Fujimoto, and J. L. Connolly, “Benign and malignant lesions in the human breast depicted with ultrahigh resolution and three-dimensional optical coherence tomography,” Radiology 244(3), 865–874 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. G. Turner, S. Cizginer, D. Agarwal, J. Yang, M. B. Pitman, and W. R. Brugge, “Diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasia with EUS and FNA: a report of accuracy,” Gastrointest. Endosc. 71(1), 91–98 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. B. Pitman, K. Lewandrowski, J. Shen, D. Sahani, W. Brugge, and C. Fernandez-del Castillo, “Pancreatic cysts: preoperative diagnosis and clinical management,” Cancer Cytopathol 118(1), 1–13 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. A. Belsley, M. B. Pitman, G. Y. Lauwers, W. R. Brugge, and V. Deshpande, “Serous cystadenoma of the pancreas: limitations and pitfalls of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy,” Cancer 114(2), 102–110 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. J. Megibow, F. P. Lombardo, A. Guarise, G. Carbognin, J. Scholes, N. M. Rofsky, M. Macari, E. J. Balthazar, and C. Procacci, “Cystic pancreatic masses: cross-sectional imaging observations and serial follow-up,” Abdom. Imaging 26(6), 640–647 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Procacci, C. Biasiutti, G. Carbognin, S. Accordini, E. Bicego, A. Guarise, E. Spoto, I. A. Andreis, R. De Marco, and A. J. Megibow, “Characterization of cystic tumors of the pancreas: CT accuracy,” J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 23(6), 906–912 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science 254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. C. Visser, B. M. Yeh, A. Qayyum, L. W. Way, C. E. McCulloch, and F. V. Coakley, “Characterization of cystic pancreatic masses: relative accuracy of CT and MRI,” AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 189(3), 648–656 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. R. Brugge, K. Lewandrowski, E. Lee-Lewandrowski, B. A. Centeno, T. Szydlo, S. Regan, C. F. del Castillo, and A. L. Warshaw, “Diagnosis of pancreatic cystic neoplasms: a report of the cooperative pancreatic cyst study,” Gastroenterology 126(5), 1330–1336 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. McLaughlin, L. Scolaro, P. Robbins, S. Hamza, C. Saunders, and D. D. Sampson, “Imaging of human lymph nodes using optical coherence tomography: potential for staging cancer,” Cancer Res. 70(7), 2579–2584 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. S. Lee, A. Sekhar, N. M. Rofsky, and I. Pedrosa, “Prevalence of incidental pancreatic cysts in the adult population on MR imaging,” Am. J. Gastroenterol. 105(9), 2079–2084 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. J. Megibow, F. P. Lombardo, A. Guarise, G. Carbognin, J. Scholes, N. M. Rofsky, M. Macari, E. J. Balthazar, and C. Procacci, “Cystic pancreatic masses: cross-sectional imaging observations and serial follow-up,” Abdom. Imaging 26(6), 640–647 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Khurana, K. J. Mortelé, J. Glickman, S. G. Silverman, and P. R. Ros, “Macrocystic serous adenoma of the pancreas: radiologic-pathologic correlation,” AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 181(1), 119–123 (2003). [PubMed]
- M. B. Pitman, K. Lewandrowski, J. Shen, D. Sahani, W. Brugge, and C. Fernandez-del Castillo, “Pancreatic cysts: preoperative diagnosis and clinical management,” Cancer Cytopathol 118(1), 1–13 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. R. Brugge, G. Y. Lauwers, D. Sahani, C. Fernandez-del Castillo, and A. L. Warshaw, “Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas,” N. Engl. J. Med. 351(12), 1218–1226 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. V. Sahani, J. C. Miller, C. Fernàndez del Castillo, W. R. Brugge, J. H. Thrall, and S. I. Lee, “Cystic pancreatic lesions: classification and management,” J. Am. Coll. Radiol. 6(5), 376–380 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. McLaughlin, L. Scolaro, P. Robbins, S. Hamza, C. Saunders, and D. D. Sampson, “Imaging of human lymph nodes using optical coherence tomography: potential for staging cancer,” Cancer Res. 70(7), 2579–2584 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. McLaughlin, L. Scolaro, P. Robbins, S. Hamza, C. Saunders, and D. D. Sampson, “Imaging of human lymph nodes using optical coherence tomography: potential for staging cancer,” Cancer Res. 70(7), 2579–2584 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. A. Ahmad, M. L. Kochman, C. Brensinger, W. R. Brugge, D. O. Faigel, F. G. Gress, M. B. Kimmey, N. J. Nickl, T. J. Savides, M. B. Wallace, M. J. Wiersema, and G. G. Ginsberg, “Interobserver agreement among endosonographers for the diagnosis of neoplastic versus non-neoplastic pancreatic cystic lesions,” Gastrointest. Endosc. 58(1), 59–64 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. P. Hariri, G. T. Bonnema, K. Schmidt, A. M. Winkler, V. Korde, K. D. Hatch, J. R. Davis, M. A. Brewer, and J. K. Barton, “Laparoscopic optical coherence tomography imaging of human ovarian cancer,” Gynecol. Oncol. 114(2), 188–194 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. J. Megibow, F. P. Lombardo, A. Guarise, G. Carbognin, J. Scholes, N. M. Rofsky, M. Macari, E. J. Balthazar, and C. Procacci, “Cystic pancreatic masses: cross-sectional imaging observations and serial follow-up,” Abdom. Imaging 26(6), 640–647 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science 254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. McLaughlin, L. Scolaro, P. Robbins, S. Hamza, C. Saunders, and D. D. Sampson, “Imaging of human lymph nodes using optical coherence tomography: potential for staging cancer,” Cancer Res. 70(7), 2579–2584 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. S. Lee, A. Sekhar, N. M. Rofsky, and I. Pedrosa, “Prevalence of incidental pancreatic cysts in the adult population on MR imaging,” Am. J. Gastroenterol. 105(9), 2079–2084 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. B. Pitman, K. Lewandrowski, J. Shen, D. Sahani, W. Brugge, and C. Fernandez-del Castillo, “Pancreatic cysts: preoperative diagnosis and clinical management,” Cancer Cytopathol 118(1), 1–13 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. A. Evans, B. E. Bouma, J. Bressner, M. Shishkov, G. Y. Lauwers, M. Mino-Kenudson, N. S. Nishioka, and G. J. Tearney, “Identifying intestinal metaplasia at the squamocolumnar junction by using optical coherence tomography,” Gastrointest. Endosc. 65(1), 50–56 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Khurana, K. J. Mortelé, J. Glickman, S. G. Silverman, and P. R. Ros, “Macrocystic serous adenoma of the pancreas: radiologic-pathologic correlation,” AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 181(1), 119–123 (2003). [PubMed]
- C. Procacci, C. Biasiutti, G. Carbognin, S. Accordini, E. Bicego, A. Guarise, E. Spoto, I. A. Andreis, R. De Marco, and A. J. Megibow, “Characterization of cystic tumors of the pancreas: CT accuracy,” J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 23(6), 906–912 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science 254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science 254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. R. Brugge, K. Lewandrowski, E. Lee-Lewandrowski, B. A. Centeno, T. Szydlo, S. Regan, C. F. del Castillo, and A. L. Warshaw, “Diagnosis of pancreatic cystic neoplasms: a report of the cooperative pancreatic cyst study,” Gastroenterology 126(5), 1330–1336 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. A. Evans, B. E. Bouma, J. Bressner, M. Shishkov, G. Y. Lauwers, M. Mino-Kenudson, N. S. Nishioka, and G. J. Tearney, “Identifying intestinal metaplasia at the squamocolumnar junction by using optical coherence tomography,” Gastrointest. Endosc. 65(1), 50–56 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. A. Testoni, A. Mariani, B. Mangiavillano, P. G. Arcidiacono, S. Di Pietro, and E. Masci, “Intraductal optical coherence tomography for investigating main pancreatic duct strictures,” Am. J. Gastroenterol. 102(2), 269–274 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. V. Sahani, J. C. Miller, C. Fernàndez del Castillo, W. R. Brugge, J. H. Thrall, and S. I. Lee, “Cystic pancreatic lesions: classification and management,” J. Am. Coll. Radiol. 6(5), 376–380 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. G. Turner, S. Cizginer, D. Agarwal, J. Yang, M. B. Pitman, and W. R. Brugge, “Diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasia with EUS and FNA: a report of accuracy,” Gastrointest. Endosc. 71(1), 91–98 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. E. Ustun, N. V. Iftimia, R. D. Ferguson, and D. X. Hammer, “Real-time processing for Fourier domain optical coherence tomography using a field programmable gate array,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79(11), 114301 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. C. Visser, B. M. Yeh, A. Qayyum, L. W. Way, C. E. McCulloch, and F. V. Coakley, “Characterization of cystic pancreatic masses: relative accuracy of CT and MRI,” AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 189(3), 648–656 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Kraft, H. Glanz, S. von Gerlach, H. Wisweh, H. Lubatschowski, and C. Arens, “Clinical value of optical coherence tomography in laryngology,” Head Neck 30(12), 1628–1635 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. A. Ahmad, M. L. Kochman, C. Brensinger, W. R. Brugge, D. O. Faigel, F. G. Gress, M. B. Kimmey, N. J. Nickl, T. J. Savides, M. B. Wallace, M. J. Wiersema, and G. G. Ginsberg, “Interobserver agreement among endosonographers for the diagnosis of neoplastic versus non-neoplastic pancreatic cystic lesions,” Gastrointest. Endosc. 58(1), 59–64 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. A. Wargo, C. Fernandez-del-Castillo, and A. L. Warshaw, “Management of pancreatic serous cystadenomas,” Adv. Surg. 43(1), 23–34 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. A. Wargo, C. Fernandez-del-Castillo, and A. L. Warshaw, “Management of pancreatic serous cystadenomas,” Adv. Surg. 43(1), 23–34 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. R. Brugge, G. Y. Lauwers, D. Sahani, C. Fernandez-del Castillo, and A. L. Warshaw, “Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas,” N. Engl. J. Med. 351(12), 1218–1226 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. R. Brugge, K. Lewandrowski, E. Lee-Lewandrowski, B. A. Centeno, T. Szydlo, S. Regan, C. F. del Castillo, and A. L. Warshaw, “Diagnosis of pancreatic cystic neoplasms: a report of the cooperative pancreatic cyst study,” Gastroenterology 126(5), 1330–1336 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. S. Mallery, B. A. Centeno, P. F. Hahn, Y. Chang, A. L. Warshaw, and W. R. Brugge, “Pancreatic tissue sampling guided by EUS, CT/US, and surgery: a comparison of sensitivity and specificity,” Gastrointest. Endosc. 56(2), 218–224 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. C. Visser, B. M. Yeh, A. Qayyum, L. W. Way, C. E. McCulloch, and F. V. Coakley, “Characterization of cystic pancreatic masses: relative accuracy of CT and MRI,” AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 189(3), 648–656 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. A. Ahmad, M. L. Kochman, C. Brensinger, W. R. Brugge, D. O. Faigel, F. G. Gress, M. B. Kimmey, N. J. Nickl, T. J. Savides, M. B. Wallace, M. J. Wiersema, and G. G. Ginsberg, “Interobserver agreement among endosonographers for the diagnosis of neoplastic versus non-neoplastic pancreatic cystic lesions,” Gastrointest. Endosc. 58(1), 59–64 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. P. Hariri, G. T. Bonnema, K. Schmidt, A. M. Winkler, V. Korde, K. D. Hatch, J. R. Davis, M. A. Brewer, and J. K. Barton, “Laparoscopic optical coherence tomography imaging of human ovarian cancer,” Gynecol. Oncol. 114(2), 188–194 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Kraft, H. Glanz, S. von Gerlach, H. Wisweh, H. Lubatschowski, and C. Arens, “Clinical value of optical coherence tomography in laryngology,” Head Neck 30(12), 1628–1635 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. G. Turner, S. Cizginer, D. Agarwal, J. Yang, M. B. Pitman, and W. R. Brugge, “Diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasia with EUS and FNA: a report of accuracy,” Gastrointest. Endosc. 71(1), 91–98 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. C. Visser, B. M. Yeh, A. Qayyum, L. W. Way, C. E. McCulloch, and F. V. Coakley, “Characterization of cystic pancreatic masses: relative accuracy of CT and MRI,” AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 189(3), 648–656 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Abdom. Imaging
- A. J. Megibow, F. P. Lombardo, A. Guarise, G. Carbognin, J. Scholes, N. M. Rofsky, M. Macari, E. J. Balthazar, and C. Procacci, “Cystic pancreatic masses: cross-sectional imaging observations and serial follow-up,” Abdom. Imaging 26(6), 640–647 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Adv. Surg.
- J. A. Wargo, C. Fernandez-del-Castillo, and A. L. Warshaw, “Management of pancreatic serous cystadenomas,” Adv. Surg. 43(1), 23–34 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
AJR Am. J. Roentgenol.
- B. C. Visser, B. M. Yeh, A. Qayyum, L. W. Way, C. E. McCulloch, and F. V. Coakley, “Characterization of cystic pancreatic masses: relative accuracy of CT and MRI,” AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 189(3), 648–656 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. Khurana, K. J. Mortelé, J. Glickman, S. G. Silverman, and P. R. Ros, “Macrocystic serous adenoma of the pancreas: radiologic-pathologic correlation,” AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 181(1), 119–123 (2003). [PubMed]
- M. D’Onofrio, A. J. Megibow, N. Faccioli, R. Malagò, P. Capelli, M. Falconi, and R. P. Mucelli, “Comparison of contrast-enhanced sonography and MRI in displaying anatomic features of cystic pancreatic masses,” AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 189(6), 1435–1442 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Am. J. Gastroenterol.
- N. A. Ahmad, M. L. Kochman, J. D. Lewis, and G. G. Ginsberg, “Can EUS alone differentiate between malignant and benign cystic lesions of the pancreas?” Am. J. Gastroenterol. 96(12), 3295–3300 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. A. Testoni, A. Mariani, B. Mangiavillano, P. G. Arcidiacono, S. Di Pietro, and E. Masci, “Intraductal optical coherence tomography for investigating main pancreatic duct strictures,” Am. J. Gastroenterol. 102(2), 269–274 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. S. Lee, A. Sekhar, N. M. Rofsky, and I. Pedrosa, “Prevalence of incidental pancreatic cysts in the adult population on MR imaging,” Am. J. Gastroenterol. 105(9), 2079–2084 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Cancer
- P. J. Michaels, E. F. Brachtel, B. C. Bounds, W. R. Brugge, and M. Bishop Pitman, “Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas: cytologic features predict histologic grade,” Cancer 108(3), 163–173 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. A. Belsley, M. B. Pitman, G. Y. Lauwers, W. R. Brugge, and V. Deshpande, “Serous cystadenoma of the pancreas: limitations and pitfalls of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy,” Cancer 114(2), 102–110 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Cancer Cytopathol
- M. B. Pitman, K. Lewandrowski, J. Shen, D. Sahani, W. Brugge, and C. Fernandez-del Castillo, “Pancreatic cysts: preoperative diagnosis and clinical management,” Cancer Cytopathol 118(1), 1–13 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Cancer Res.
- R. A. McLaughlin, L. Scolaro, P. Robbins, S. Hamza, C. Saunders, and D. D. Sampson, “Imaging of human lymph nodes using optical coherence tomography: potential for staging cancer,” Cancer Res. 70(7), 2579–2584 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Chest
- R. G. Michel, G. T. Kinasewitz, K. M. Fung, and J. I. Keddissi, “Optical coherence tomography as an adjunct to flexible bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of lung cancer: a pilot study,” Chest 138(4), 984–988 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am.
- M. P. Federle and K. M. McGrath, “Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas,” Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. 36(2), 365–376, ix (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Gastroenterology
- M. Pelaez-Luna and S. T. Chari, “Cyst fluid analysis to diagnose pancreatic cystic lesions: an as yet unfulfilled promise,” Gastroenterology 130(3), 1007–1009, discussion 1009 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. R. Brugge, K. Lewandrowski, E. Lee-Lewandrowski, B. A. Centeno, T. Szydlo, S. Regan, C. F. del Castillo, and A. L. Warshaw, “Diagnosis of pancreatic cystic neoplasms: a report of the cooperative pancreatic cyst study,” Gastroenterology 126(5), 1330–1336 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Cizginer, V. Deshpande, N. Iftimia, C. Karaca, and W. R. Brugge, “Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging can detect fine morphologic features of pancreatic cystic neoplasms and differentiate between mucinous and non-mucinous cysts,” Gastroenterology 136(5), A-45 (2009). [CrossRef]
Gastrointest. Endosc.
- J. S. Mallery, B. A. Centeno, P. F. Hahn, Y. Chang, A. L. Warshaw, and W. R. Brugge, “Pancreatic tissue sampling guided by EUS, CT/US, and surgery: a comparison of sensitivity and specificity,” Gastrointest. Endosc. 56(2), 218–224 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. A. Evans, B. E. Bouma, J. Bressner, M. Shishkov, G. Y. Lauwers, M. Mino-Kenudson, N. S. Nishioka, and G. J. Tearney, “Identifying intestinal metaplasia at the squamocolumnar junction by using optical coherence tomography,” Gastrointest. Endosc. 65(1), 50–56 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. G. Turner, S. Cizginer, D. Agarwal, J. Yang, M. B. Pitman, and W. R. Brugge, “Diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasia with EUS and FNA: a report of accuracy,” Gastrointest. Endosc. 71(1), 91–98 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. A. Ahmad, M. L. Kochman, C. Brensinger, W. R. Brugge, D. O. Faigel, F. G. Gress, M. B. Kimmey, N. J. Nickl, T. J. Savides, M. B. Wallace, M. J. Wiersema, and G. G. Ginsberg, “Interobserver agreement among endosonographers for the diagnosis of neoplastic versus non-neoplastic pancreatic cystic lesions,” Gastrointest. Endosc. 58(1), 59–64 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Gynecol. Oncol.
- L. P. Hariri, G. T. Bonnema, K. Schmidt, A. M. Winkler, V. Korde, K. D. Hatch, J. R. Davis, M. A. Brewer, and J. K. Barton, “Laparoscopic optical coherence tomography imaging of human ovarian cancer,” Gynecol. Oncol. 114(2), 188–194 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Head Neck
- M. Kraft, H. Glanz, S. von Gerlach, H. Wisweh, H. Lubatschowski, and C. Arens, “Clinical value of optical coherence tomography in laryngology,” Head Neck 30(12), 1628–1635 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Am. Coll. Radiol.
- D. V. Sahani, J. C. Miller, C. Fernàndez del Castillo, W. R. Brugge, J. H. Thrall, and S. I. Lee, “Cystic pancreatic lesions: classification and management,” J. Am. Coll. Radiol. 6(5), 376–380 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr.
- C. Procacci, C. Biasiutti, G. Carbognin, S. Accordini, E. Bicego, A. Guarise, E. Spoto, I. A. Andreis, R. De Marco, and A. J. Megibow, “Characterization of cystic tumors of the pancreas: CT accuracy,” J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 23(6), 906–912 (1999). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
N. Engl. J. Med.
- W. R. Brugge, G. Y. Lauwers, D. Sahani, C. Fernandez-del Castillo, and A. L. Warshaw, “Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas,” N. Engl. J. Med. 351(12), 1218–1226 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Express
- R. Leitgeb, C. K. Hitzenberger, and A. F. Fercher, “Performance of Fourier domain vs. time domain optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express 11(8), 889–894 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Radiology
- M. Macari, M. E. Finn, G. L. Bennett, K. C. Cho, E. Newman, C. H. Hajdu, and J. S. Babb, “Differentiating pancreatic cystic neoplasms from pancreatic pseudocysts at MR imaging: value of perceived internal debris,” Radiology 251(1), 77–84 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. L. Hsiung, D. R. Phatak, Y. Chen, A. D. Aguirre, J. G. Fujimoto, and J. L. Connolly, “Benign and malignant lesions in the human breast depicted with ultrahigh resolution and three-dimensional optical coherence tomography,” Radiology 244(3), 865–874 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Rev. Sci. Instrum.
- T. E. Ustun, N. V. Iftimia, R. D. Ferguson, and D. X. Hammer, “Real-time processing for Fourier domain optical coherence tomography using a field programmable gate array,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79(11), 114301 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Science
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science 254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Other
- R. H. Hruban, M. B. Pitman, and D. S. Klimstra, Tumors of the Pancreas, AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology; 4th Series Fascicle 6 (American Registry of Pathology, 2007).
- G. H. R. Zamboni and D. S. Longnecker, “Mucious cystic neoplasms of the pancreas,” in: S. R. Hamilton, L. A. Aaltonen, eds., World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Digestive System (IARC Press, 2000).
2010, Lee, Am. J. Gastroenterol.
- K. S. Lee, A. Sekhar, N. M. Rofsky, and I. Pedrosa, “Prevalence of incidental pancreatic cysts in the adult population on MR imaging,” Am. J. Gastroenterol. 105(9), 2079–2084 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. G. Turner, S. Cizginer, D. Agarwal, J. Yang, M. B. Pitman, and W. R. Brugge, “Diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasia with EUS and FNA: a report of accuracy,” Gastrointest. Endosc. 71(1), 91–98 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. B. Pitman, K. Lewandrowski, J. Shen, D. Sahani, W. Brugge, and C. Fernandez-del Castillo, “Pancreatic cysts: preoperative diagnosis and clinical management,” Cancer Cytopathol 118(1), 1–13 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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