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Non-thermal effects of terahertz radiation on gene expression in mouse stem cellsBoian S. Alexandrov, Kim Ø. Rasmussen, Alan R. Bishop, Anny Usheva, Ludmil B. Alexandrov, Shou Chong, Yossi Dagon, Layla G. Booshehri, Charles H. Mielke, M. Lisa Phipps, Jennifer S. Martinez, Hou-Tong Chen, and George Rodriguez »View Author Affiliations
Boian S. Alexandrov,1
Kim Ø. Rasmussen,1,6
Alan R. Bishop,1
Anny Usheva,3
Ludmil B. Alexandrov,2
Shou Chong,3
Yossi Dagon,3
Layla G. Booshehri,4
Charles H. Mielke,4
M. Lisa Phipps,5
Jennifer S. Martinez,5
Hou-Tong Chen,5
and George Rodriguez5,7
1Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA 2Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK 3Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA 4Materials Physics and Applications Division - NHMFL, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA 5Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM 87545, USA 6kor@lanl.gov 7rodrigeo@lanl.gov |
Biomedical Optics Express, Vol. 2, Issue 9, pp. 2679-2689 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/BOE.2.002679
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Abstract
In recent years, terahertz radiation sources are increasingly being exploited in military and civil applications. However, only a few studies have so far been conducted to examine the biological effects associated with terahertz radiation. In this study, we evaluated the cellular response of mesenchymal mouse stem cells exposed to THz radiation. We apply low-power radiation from both a pulsed broad-band (centered at 10 THz) source and from a CW laser (2.52 THz) source. Modeling, empirical characterization, and monitoring techniques were applied to minimize the impact of radiation-induced increases in temperature. qRT-PCR was used to evaluate changes in the transcriptional activity of selected hyperthermic genes. We found that temperature increases were minimal, and that the differential expression of the investigated heat shock proteins (HSP105, HSP90, and CPR) was unaffected, while the expression of certain other genes (Adiponectin, GLUT4, and PPARG) showed clear effects of the THz irradiation after prolonged, broad-band exposure.
© 2011 OSA
OCIS Codes
(170.1420) Medical optics and biotechnology : Biology
(170.1530) Medical optics and biotechnology : Cell analysis
(170.7160) Medical optics and biotechnology : Ultrafast technology
ToC Category:
Optical Therapies and Photomodificaton
History
Original Manuscript: June 27, 2011
Revised Manuscript: August 11, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: August 17, 2011
Published: August 23, 2011
Citation
Boian S. Alexandrov, Kim Ø. Rasmussen, Alan R. Bishop, Anny Usheva, Ludmil B. Alexandrov, Shou Chong, Yossi Dagon, Layla G. Booshehri, Charles H. Mielke, M. Lisa Phipps, Jennifer S. Martinez, Hou-Tong Chen, and George Rodriguez, "Non-thermal effects of terahertz radiation on gene expression in mouse stem cells," Biomed. Opt. Express 2, 2679-2689 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-2-9-2679
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References
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- B. S. Alexandrov, V. Gelev, S. W. Yoo, A. R. Bishop, K. Ø. Rasmussen, and A. Usheva, “Toward a detailed description of the thermally induced dynamics of the core promoter,” PLOS Comput. Biol.5(3), e1000313 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- P. Haring Bolivar, M. Brucherseifer, M. Nagel, H. Kurz, A. Bosserhoff, and R. Büttner, “Label-free probing of genes by time-domain terahertz sensing,” Phys. Med. Biol.47(21), 3815–3821 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Haring Bolivar, M. Brucherseifer, M. Nagel, H. Kurz, A. Bosserhoff, and R. Büttner, “Label-free probing of genes by time-domain terahertz sensing,” Phys. Med. Biol.47(21), 3815–3821 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Bock, Y. Fukuyo, S. Kang, M. L. Phipps, L. B. Alexandrov, K. Ø. Rasmussen, A. R. Bishop, E. D. Rosen, J. S. Martinez, H.-T. Chen, G. Rodriguez, B. S. Alexandrov, and A. Usheva, “Mammalian stem cells reprogramming in response to terahertz radiation,” PLoS ONE5(12), e15806 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- O. P. Cherkasova, V. I. Fedorov, E. F. Nemova, and A. S. Pogodin, “Influence of terahertz laser radiation on the spectral characteristics and functional properties of albumin,” Opt. Spectrosc.107(4), 534–537 (2009). [CrossRef]
- V. P. Wallace, A. J. Fitzgerald, S. Shankar, N. Flanagan, R. Pye, J. Cluff, and D. D. Arnone, “Terahertz pulsed imaging of basal cell carcinoma ex vivo and in vivo,” Br. J. Dermatol.151(2), 424–432 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. M. Woodward, B. E. Cole, V. P. Wallace, R. J. Pye, D. D. Arnone, E. H. Linfield, and M. Pepper, “Terahertz pulse imaging in reflection geometry of human skin cancer and skin tissue,” Phys. Med. Biol.47(21), 3853–3863 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. J. Wilmink, B. D. Rivest, C. C. Roth, B. L. Ibey, J. A. Payne, L. X. Cundin, J. E. Grundt, X. Peralta, D. G. Mixon, and W. P. Roach, “In vitro investigation of the biological effects associated with human dermal fibroblasts exposed to 2.52 THz radiation,” Lasers Surg. Med.43(2), 152–163 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. F. Edwards, D. D. Young, and A. Deiters, “The effect of microwave irradiation on DNA hybridization,” Org. Biomol. Chem.7(12), 2506–2508 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. F. Edwards, D. D. Young, and A. Deiters, “The effect of microwave irradiation on DNA hybridization,” Org. Biomol. Chem.7(12), 2506–2508 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- G. J. Wilmink, B. D. Rivest, C. C. Roth, B. L. Ibey, J. A. Payne, L. X. Cundin, J. E. Grundt, X. Peralta, D. G. Mixon, and W. P. Roach, “In vitro investigation of the biological effects associated with human dermal fibroblasts exposed to 2.52 THz radiation,” Lasers Surg. Med.43(2), 152–163 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. M. Woodward, B. E. Cole, V. P. Wallace, R. J. Pye, D. D. Arnone, E. H. Linfield, and M. Pepper, “Terahertz pulse imaging in reflection geometry of human skin cancer and skin tissue,” Phys. Med. Biol.47(21), 3853–3863 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. J. Wilmink, B. D. Rivest, C. C. Roth, B. L. Ibey, J. A. Payne, L. X. Cundin, J. E. Grundt, X. Peralta, D. G. Mixon, and W. P. Roach, “In vitro investigation of the biological effects associated with human dermal fibroblasts exposed to 2.52 THz radiation,” Lasers Surg. Med.43(2), 152–163 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- R. M. Woodward, B. E. Cole, V. P. Wallace, R. J. Pye, D. D. Arnone, E. H. Linfield, and M. Pepper, “Terahertz pulse imaging in reflection geometry of human skin cancer and skin tissue,” Phys. Med. Biol.47(21), 3853–3863 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- J. Bock, Y. Fukuyo, S. Kang, M. L. Phipps, L. B. Alexandrov, K. Ø. Rasmussen, A. R. Bishop, E. D. Rosen, J. S. Martinez, H.-T. Chen, G. Rodriguez, B. S. Alexandrov, and A. Usheva, “Mammalian stem cells reprogramming in response to terahertz radiation,” PLoS ONE5(12), e15806 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. S. Alexandrov, V. Gelev, S. W. Yoo, L. B. Alexandrov, Y. Fukuyo, A. R. Bishop, K. Ø. Rasmussen, and A. Usheva, “DNA dynamics play a role as a basal transcription factor in the positioning and regulation of gene transcription initiation,” Nucleic Acids Res.38(6), 1790–1795 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- A. S. Whitehead, K. Zahedi, M. Rits, R. F. Mortensen, and J. M. Lelias, “Mouse C-reactive protein. Generation of cDNA clones, structural analysis, and induction of mRNA during inflammation,” Biochem. J.266(1), 283–290 (1990). [PubMed]
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- G. J. Wilmink, B. L. Ibey, C. L. Roth, R. L. Vincelette, B. D. Rivest, C. B. Horn, J. Bernhard, D. Roberson, and W. P. Roach, “Determination of death thresholds and identification of terahertz (THz)-specific gene expression signatures,” Proc. SPIE7562, 75620K, 75620K-8 (2010). [CrossRef]
- G. J. Wilmink, B. D. Rivest, C. C. Roth, B. L. Ibey, J. A. Payne, L. X. Cundin, J. E. Grundt, X. Peralta, D. G. Mixon, and W. P. Roach, “In vitro investigation of the biological effects associated with human dermal fibroblasts exposed to 2.52 THz radiation,” Lasers Surg. Med.43(2), 152–163 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. J. Wilmink, B. L. Ibey, C. L. Roth, R. L. Vincelette, B. D. Rivest, C. B. Horn, J. Bernhard, D. Roberson, and W. P. Roach, “Determination of death thresholds and identification of terahertz (THz)-specific gene expression signatures,” Proc. SPIE7562, 75620K, 75620K-8 (2010). [CrossRef]
- G. J. Wilmink, B. L. Ibey, C. L. Roth, R. L. Vincelette, B. D. Rivest, C. B. Horn, J. Bernhard, D. Roberson, and W. P. Roach, “Determination of death thresholds and identification of terahertz (THz)-specific gene expression signatures,” Proc. SPIE7562, 75620K, 75620K-8 (2010). [CrossRef]
- G. Rodriguez and G. L. Dakovski, “Scaling behavior of ultrafast two-color terahertz generation in plasma gas targets: energy and pressure dependence,” Opt. Express18(14), 15130–15143 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Bock, Y. Fukuyo, S. Kang, M. L. Phipps, L. B. Alexandrov, K. Ø. Rasmussen, A. R. Bishop, E. D. Rosen, J. S. Martinez, H.-T. Chen, G. Rodriguez, B. S. Alexandrov, and A. Usheva, “Mammalian stem cells reprogramming in response to terahertz radiation,” PLoS ONE5(12), e15806 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Y. Kim, A. J. Taylor, J. H. Glownia, and G. Rodriguez, “Coherent control of terahertz supercontinuum generation in ultrafast laser–gas interactions,” Nat. Photonics2(10), 605–609 (2008). [CrossRef]
- J. Bock, Y. Fukuyo, S. Kang, M. L. Phipps, L. B. Alexandrov, K. Ø. Rasmussen, A. R. Bishop, E. D. Rosen, J. S. Martinez, H.-T. Chen, G. Rodriguez, B. S. Alexandrov, and A. Usheva, “Mammalian stem cells reprogramming in response to terahertz radiation,” PLoS ONE5(12), e15806 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. J. Wilmink, B. D. Rivest, C. C. Roth, B. L. Ibey, J. A. Payne, L. X. Cundin, J. E. Grundt, X. Peralta, D. G. Mixon, and W. P. Roach, “In vitro investigation of the biological effects associated with human dermal fibroblasts exposed to 2.52 THz radiation,” Lasers Surg. Med.43(2), 152–163 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. J. Wilmink, B. L. Ibey, C. L. Roth, R. L. Vincelette, B. D. Rivest, C. B. Horn, J. Bernhard, D. Roberson, and W. P. Roach, “Determination of death thresholds and identification of terahertz (THz)-specific gene expression signatures,” Proc. SPIE7562, 75620K, 75620K-8 (2010). [CrossRef]
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- G. N. Kulipanov, N. G. Gavrilov, B. A. Knyazev, E. I. Kolobanov, V. V. Kotenkov, V. V. Kubarev, A. N. Matveenko, L. E. Medvedev, S. V. Miginsky, L. A. Mironenko, V. K. Ovchar, V. M. Popik, T. V. Salikova, M. A. Scheglov, S. S. Serednyakov, O. A. Shevchenko, A. N. Skrinsky, V. G. Tcheskidov, and N. A. Vinokurov, “Research highlights from the Novosibirsk 400 W average power THz FEL,” Terahertz Sci. Technol.1(2), 107–125 (2008).
- J. F. Federici, B. Schulkin, F. Huang, D. Gary, R. Barat, F. Oliveira, and D. Zimdars, “THz imaging and sensing for security applications: explosives, weapons and drugs,” Semicond. Sci. Technol.20(7), S266–S280 (2005). [CrossRef]
- G. N. Kulipanov, N. G. Gavrilov, B. A. Knyazev, E. I. Kolobanov, V. V. Kotenkov, V. V. Kubarev, A. N. Matveenko, L. E. Medvedev, S. V. Miginsky, L. A. Mironenko, V. K. Ovchar, V. M. Popik, T. V. Salikova, M. A. Scheglov, S. S. Serednyakov, O. A. Shevchenko, A. N. Skrinsky, V. G. Tcheskidov, and N. A. Vinokurov, “Research highlights from the Novosibirsk 400 W average power THz FEL,” Terahertz Sci. Technol.1(2), 107–125 (2008).
- V. P. Wallace, A. J. Fitzgerald, S. Shankar, N. Flanagan, R. Pye, J. Cluff, and D. D. Arnone, “Terahertz pulsed imaging of basal cell carcinoma ex vivo and in vivo,” Br. J. Dermatol.151(2), 424–432 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. N. Kulipanov, N. G. Gavrilov, B. A. Knyazev, E. I. Kolobanov, V. V. Kotenkov, V. V. Kubarev, A. N. Matveenko, L. E. Medvedev, S. V. Miginsky, L. A. Mironenko, V. K. Ovchar, V. M. Popik, T. V. Salikova, M. A. Scheglov, S. S. Serednyakov, O. A. Shevchenko, A. N. Skrinsky, V. G. Tcheskidov, and N. A. Vinokurov, “Research highlights from the Novosibirsk 400 W average power THz FEL,” Terahertz Sci. Technol.1(2), 107–125 (2008).
- R. Shiurba, T. Hirabayashi, M. Masuda, A. Kawamura, Y. Komoike, W. Klitz, K. Kinowaki, T. Funatsu, S. Kondo, S. Kiyokawa, T. Sugai, K. Kawamura, H. Namiki, and T. Higashinakagawa, “Cellular responses of the ciliate, Tetrahymena thermophila, to far infrared irradiation,” Photochem. Photobiol. Sci.5(9), 799–807 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- R. Shiurba, T. Hirabayashi, M. Masuda, A. Kawamura, Y. Komoike, W. Klitz, K. Kinowaki, T. Funatsu, S. Kondo, S. Kiyokawa, T. Sugai, K. Kawamura, H. Namiki, and T. Higashinakagawa, “Cellular responses of the ciliate, Tetrahymena thermophila, to far infrared irradiation,” Photochem. Photobiol. Sci.5(9), 799–807 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Y. Kim, A. J. Taylor, J. H. Glownia, and G. Rodriguez, “Coherent control of terahertz supercontinuum generation in ultrafast laser–gas interactions,” Nat. Photonics2(10), 605–609 (2008). [CrossRef]
- G. N. Kulipanov, N. G. Gavrilov, B. A. Knyazev, E. I. Kolobanov, V. V. Kotenkov, V. V. Kubarev, A. N. Matveenko, L. E. Medvedev, S. V. Miginsky, L. A. Mironenko, V. K. Ovchar, V. M. Popik, T. V. Salikova, M. A. Scheglov, S. S. Serednyakov, O. A. Shevchenko, A. N. Skrinsky, V. G. Tcheskidov, and N. A. Vinokurov, “Research highlights from the Novosibirsk 400 W average power THz FEL,” Terahertz Sci. Technol.1(2), 107–125 (2008).
- L. Thrane, R. H. Jacobsen, P. Uhd Jepsen, and S. R. Keiding, “THz reflection spectroscopy of liquid water,” Chem. Phys. Lett.240(4), 330–333 (1995). [CrossRef]
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- L. Thrane, R. H. Jacobsen, P. Uhd Jepsen, and S. R. Keiding, “THz reflection spectroscopy of liquid water,” Chem. Phys. Lett.240(4), 330–333 (1995). [CrossRef]
- H. Urabe, M. Kato, Y. Tominaga, and K. Kajiwara, “Counterion dependence of water of hydration in DNA gel,” J. Chem. Phys.92(1), 768–774 (1990). [CrossRef]
- B. S. Alexandrov, V. Gelev, A. R. Bishop, A. Usheva, and K. Ø. Rasmussen, “DNA breathing dynamics in the presence of a terahertz field,” Phys. Lett. A374(10), 1214–1217 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Bock, Y. Fukuyo, S. Kang, M. L. Phipps, L. B. Alexandrov, K. Ø. Rasmussen, A. R. Bishop, E. D. Rosen, J. S. Martinez, H.-T. Chen, G. Rodriguez, B. S. Alexandrov, and A. Usheva, “Mammalian stem cells reprogramming in response to terahertz radiation,” PLoS ONE5(12), e15806 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. S. Alexandrov, V. Gelev, S. W. Yoo, L. B. Alexandrov, Y. Fukuyo, A. R. Bishop, K. Ø. Rasmussen, and A. Usheva, “DNA dynamics play a role as a basal transcription factor in the positioning and regulation of gene transcription initiation,” Nucleic Acids Res.38(6), 1790–1795 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. S. Alexandrov, V. Gelev, S. W. Yoo, A. R. Bishop, K. Ø. Rasmussen, and A. Usheva, “Toward a detailed description of the thermally induced dynamics of the core promoter,” PLOS Comput. Biol.5(3), e1000313 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- R. Appleby and H. B. Wallace, “Standoff detection of weapons and contraband in the 100 GHz to 1 THz region,” IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag.55(11), 2944–2956 (2007). [CrossRef]
- V. P. Wallace, A. J. Fitzgerald, S. Shankar, N. Flanagan, R. Pye, J. Cluff, and D. D. Arnone, “Terahertz pulsed imaging of basal cell carcinoma ex vivo and in vivo,” Br. J. Dermatol.151(2), 424–432 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- G. J. Wilmink, B. L. Ibey, C. L. Roth, R. L. Vincelette, B. D. Rivest, C. B. Horn, J. Bernhard, D. Roberson, and W. P. Roach, “Determination of death thresholds and identification of terahertz (THz)-specific gene expression signatures,” Proc. SPIE7562, 75620K, 75620K-8 (2010). [CrossRef]
- R. M. Woodward, B. E. Cole, V. P. Wallace, R. J. Pye, D. D. Arnone, E. H. Linfield, and M. Pepper, “Terahertz pulse imaging in reflection geometry of human skin cancer and skin tissue,” Phys. Med. Biol.47(21), 3853–3863 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. S. Alexandrov, V. Gelev, S. W. Yoo, L. B. Alexandrov, Y. Fukuyo, A. R. Bishop, K. Ø. Rasmussen, and A. Usheva, “DNA dynamics play a role as a basal transcription factor in the positioning and regulation of gene transcription initiation,” Nucleic Acids Res.38(6), 1790–1795 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- W. F. Edwards, D. D. Young, and A. Deiters, “The effect of microwave irradiation on DNA hybridization,” Org. Biomol. Chem.7(12), 2506–2508 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Biochem. J.
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Bioelectromagnetics
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Br. J. Dermatol.
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Chem. Phys. Lett.
- L. Thrane, R. H. Jacobsen, P. Uhd Jepsen, and S. R. Keiding, “THz reflection spectroscopy of liquid water,” Chem. Phys. Lett.240(4), 330–333 (1995). [CrossRef]
IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag.
- R. Appleby and H. B. Wallace, “Standoff detection of weapons and contraband in the 100 GHz to 1 THz region,” IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag.55(11), 2944–2956 (2007). [CrossRef]
J. Chem. Phys.
- H. Urabe, M. Kato, Y. Tominaga, and K. Kajiwara, “Counterion dependence of water of hydration in DNA gel,” J. Chem. Phys.92(1), 768–774 (1990). [CrossRef]
Lasers Surg. Med.
- G. J. Wilmink, B. D. Rivest, C. C. Roth, B. L. Ibey, J. A. Payne, L. X. Cundin, J. E. Grundt, X. Peralta, D. G. Mixon, and W. P. Roach, “In vitro investigation of the biological effects associated with human dermal fibroblasts exposed to 2.52 THz radiation,” Lasers Surg. Med.43(2), 152–163 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nat. Photonics
- K. Y. Kim, A. J. Taylor, J. H. Glownia, and G. Rodriguez, “Coherent control of terahertz supercontinuum generation in ultrafast laser–gas interactions,” Nat. Photonics2(10), 605–609 (2008). [CrossRef]
Nucleic Acids Res.
- B. S. Alexandrov, V. Gelev, S. W. Yoo, L. B. Alexandrov, Y. Fukuyo, A. R. Bishop, K. Ø. Rasmussen, and A. Usheva, “DNA dynamics play a role as a basal transcription factor in the positioning and regulation of gene transcription initiation,” Nucleic Acids Res.38(6), 1790–1795 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Express
- G. Rodriguez and G. L. Dakovski, “Scaling behavior of ultrafast two-color terahertz generation in plasma gas targets: energy and pressure dependence,” Opt. Express18(14), 15130–15143 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Opt. Spectrosc.
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Org. Biomol. Chem.
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Photochem. Photobiol. Sci.
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Phys. Lett. A
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Phys. Med. Biol.
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Phys. Rev. A
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Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys.
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PLoS ONE
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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
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Proc. SPIE
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Radiat. Res.
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Other
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- J. F. Federici, B. Schulkin, F. Huang, D. Gary, R. Barat, F. Oliveira, and D. Zimdars, “THz imaging and sensing for security applications: explosives, weapons and drugs,” Semicond. Sci. Technol.20(7), S266–S280 (2005). [CrossRef]
- D. Zimdars and J. S. White, “Terahertz reflection imaging for package and personnel inspection,” Proc. SPIE5411, 78–83 (2004). [CrossRef]
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- P. Haring Bolivar, M. Brucherseifer, M. Nagel, H. Kurz, A. Bosserhoff, and R. Büttner, “Label-free probing of genes by time-domain terahertz sensing,” Phys. Med. Biol.47(21), 3815–3821 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- H. Fröhlich, “The extraordinary dielectric properties of biological materials and the action of enzymes,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.72(11), 4211–4215 (1975). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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