Optics InfoBase > Biomedical Optics Express > Volume 3 > Issue 1 > Page 160
|
|
Tensor total variation approach to optical coherence tomography reconstruction for improved visualization of retinal microvasculatureAlexander Wong, Sepideh Hariri, Eun Sun Song, and Kostadinka Bizheva »View Author Affiliations
Alexander Wong,1,*
Sepideh Hariri,2
Eun Sun Song,2
and Kostadinka Bizheva2
1Dept. of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada 2Dept. of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada *Corresponding author: a28wong@uwaterloo.ca |
Biomedical Optics Express, Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp. 160-169 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/BOE.3.000160
View Full Text Article
Enhanced HTML
Acrobat PDF (1501 KB)
Abstract
A novel optical coherence tomography (OCT) reconstruction approach is introduced for improved visualization of inner-retina capillaries in retinal OCT tomograms. The proposed method utilizes a minimization framework based on a tensor total variation (TTV) energy functional, to enforce capillary structural characteristics in the spatial domain. By accounting for structure tensor characteristics, the TTV reconstruction method allows for contrast enhancement of capillary structural characteristics. The novel TTV method was tested on high resolution OCT images acquired in-vivo from the foveal region of the retina of a healthy human subject. Experimental results demonstrate significant contrast and visibility enhancement of the inner retina capillaries in the retinal OCT tomograms, achieved by use of the TTV reconstruction method. Therefore, the TTV method has a strong potential for improved disease progression analysis based on the study of disease-induced changes in the inner retina vasculature.
© 2011 OSA
OCIS Codes
(100.0100) Image processing : Image processing
(100.2980) Image processing : Image enhancement
(170.4500) Medical optics and biotechnology : Optical coherence tomography
(100.3008) Image processing : Image recognition, algorithms and filters
ToC Category:
Image Processing
History
Original Manuscript: October 12, 2011
Revised Manuscript: November 29, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: November 29, 2011
Published: December 19, 2011
Citation
Alexander Wong, Sepideh Hariri, Eun Sun Song, and Kostadinka Bizheva, "Tensor total variation approach to optical coherence tomography reconstruction for improved visualization of retinal microvasculature," Biomed. Opt. Express 3, 160-169 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-3-1-160
Sort: Author | Year | Journal | Reset
References
- E. Friedman, “A hemodynamic model of the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration,” Am. J. Ophthalmol.124, 677–682 (1997). [PubMed]
- J. Flammer, S. Orgül, V. P. Costa, N. Orzalesi, G. K. Krieglstein, L. M. Serra, J.-P. Renard, and E. Stefansson, “The impact of ocular blood flow in glaucoma,” Prog. Retin. Eye Res.21, 359–393 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Patel, S. Rassam, R. Newsom, J. Wiek, and E. Kohner, “Retinal blood flow in diabetic retinopathy,” Br. Med. J.305(6855), 678–683 (1992). [CrossRef]
- S. Dithmar and F. G. Holz, Fluorescence Angiography in Ophthalmology (Springer, 2008).
- M. Hope-Ross, L. A. Yannuzzi, E. S. Gragoudas, D. R. Guyer, J. S. Slakter, J. A. Sorenson, S. Krupsky, D. A. Orlock, and C. A. Puliafito, “Adverse reactions due to indocyanine green,” Ophthalmology101, 529–533 (1994). [PubMed]
- L. A. Yannuzzi, K. T. Rohrer, L. J. Tindel, R. S. Sobel, M. A. Costanza, W. Shields, and E. Zang, “Fluorescein angiography complication survey,” Ophthalmology93, 611–617 (1986). [PubMed]
- C. E. Riva, G. T. Feke, B. Eberli, and V. Benary, “Bidirectional LDV system for absolute measurement of blood speed in retinal vessels,” Appl. Opt.18, 2301–2306 (1979). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. Michelson, B. Schmauss, M. Langhans, J. Haraznv, and M. Groh, “Principle, validity, and reliability of scanning laser Doppler flowmetry,” J. Glaucoma5, 99–105 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Tamaki, M. Araie, E. Kawamoto, S. Eguchi, and H. Fujii, “Noncontact, two-dimensional measurement of retinal microcirculation using laser speckle phenomenon,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.35, 3825–3834 (1994). [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254, 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. F. Fercher, “Optical coherence tomography,” J. Biomed. Opt.1, 157–173 (1996). [CrossRef]
- X. J. Wang, T. E. Milner, and J. S. Nelson, “Characterization of fluid flow velocity by optical Doppler tomography,” Opt. Lett.20(11), 1337–1339 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Zhao, Z. Chen, C. Saxer, S. Xiang, J. F. de Boer, and J. S. Nelson, “Phase-resolved optical coherence tomography and optical Doppler tomography for imaging blood flow in human skin with fast scanning speed and high velocity sensitivity,” Opt. Lett.25(2), 114–116 (2000). [CrossRef]
- R. Leitgeb, L. Schmetterer, W. Drexler, A. Fercher, R. Zawadzki, and T. Bajraszewski, “Real-time assessment of retinal blood flow with ultrafast acquisition by color Doppler Fourier domain optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express11(23), 3116–3121 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Szkulmowski, A. Szkulmowska, T. Bajraszewski, A. Kowalczyk, and M. Wojtkowski, “Flow velocity estimation using joint spectral and time domain optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express16(9), 6008–6025 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. K. Tao, A. M. Davis, and J. A. Izatt, “Single-pass volumetric bidirectional blood flow imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography using a modified Hilbert transform,” Opt. Express16(16), 12350–12361 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. H. Bachmann, M. L. Villiger, C. Blatter, T. Lasser, and R. A. Leitgeb, “Resonant Doppler flow imaging and optical vivisection of retinal blood vessels,” Opt. Express15(2), 408–422 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. K. Wang, S. L. Jacques, Z. Ma, S. Hurst, S. R. Hanson, and A. Gruber, “Three dimensional optical angiography,” Opt. Express15(7), 4083–4097 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Ren, Y. Wang, J. Stuart Nelson, and Z. Chen, “Power optical Doppler tomography imaging of blood vessel in human skin and M-mode Doppler imaging of blood flow in chick chorioallantoic membrane,” Proc. SPIE4956225–231 (2003). [CrossRef]
- H. Ren, T. Sun, D. J. MacDonald, M. J. Cobb, and X. Li, “Real time in vivo blood-flow imaging by moving-scatterer-sensitive spectral-domain optical Doppler tomography,” Opt. Lett.31927–929 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Ren and X. Li, “Clutter rejection filters for optical Doppler tomography,” Opt. Express146103–6112 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Schmoll, C. Kolbitsch, and R. A. Leitgeb, “Ultra-high-speed volumetric tomography of human retinal blood flow,” Opt. Express17(5), 4166–4176 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Makita, T. Fabritius, and Y. Yasuno, “Quantitative retinal-blood flow measurement with three-dimensional vessel geometry determination using ultrahigh-resolution Doppler optical coherence angiography,” Opt. Lett.33(8), 836–838 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Szkulmowska, M. Szkulmowski, D. Szlag, A. Kowalczyk, and M. Wojtkowski, “Three-dimensional quantitative imaging of retinal and choroidal blood flow velocity using joint Spectral and Time domain Optical Coherence Tomography,” Opt. Express17(13), 10584–10598 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. N. Crawford, D. V. Alfaro, J. B. Kerrison, and E. P. Jablon, “Diabetic retinopathy and angiogenesis,” Curr. Diabetes Rev.5(1), 8–13 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Kokotas, M. Grigoriadou, and M. B. Petersen, “Age-related macular degeneration: genetic and clinical findings,” Clin. Chem. Lab. Med.49(4), 601–616 (2011). [CrossRef]
- L. An and R. K. Wang, “In vivo volumetric imaging of vascular perfusion within human retina and choroids with optical micro-angiography,” Opt. Express16(15), 11438–11452 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Fingler, R. J. Zawadzki, J. S. Werner, D. Schwartz, and S. E. Fraser, “Volumetric microvascular imaging of human retina using optical coherence tomography with a novel motion contrast technique,” Opt. Express17(24), 22190–22200 (2010). [CrossRef]
- Z. Zhi, W. Cepurna, E. Johnson, T. Shen, J. Morrison, and R. K. Wang, “Volumetric and quantitative imaging of retinal blood flow in rats with optical microangiography,” Biomed. Opt. Express2(3), 579–591 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Makita, F. Jaillon, M. Yamanari, M Muira, and Y. Yasuno, “Comprehensive in vivo micro-vascular imaging of the human eye by dual-beam-scan Doppler optical coherence angiography,” Opt. Express19(2), 1271–1283 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Zotter, M. Pirchser, T Torzicky, M. Bonesi, E. Geotzinger, R. Leitgeb, and C. Hitzenberger, “Visualization of microvasculature by dual-beam phase-resolved Doppler optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express19(2), 1217–1227 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. Leitgeb, T. Schmoll, A. S. G. Singh, E. Diettrich, and G. Langs, “Comprehensive OCT imaging of retinal microvasculature without adaptive optics”, presented at Photonics West (BIOS), San Francisco, California, USA, January 22–27, 2011.
- P. Puvanathasan, P. Forbes, Z. Ren, D. Malchow, S. Boyd, and K. Bizheva, “High-speed, high-resolution Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography system for retinal imaging in the 1060 nm wavelength region,” Opt. Lett.33, 2479–2481 (2008). [PubMed]
- S. Hariri, A. A. Moayed, A. Dracopolos, C. Hyun, S. Boyd, and K. Bizheva, “Limiting factors to the OCT axial resolution for in-vivo imaging of human and rodent retina in the 1060nm wavelength range,” Opt. Express17(26) 24304–24316 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. Mishra, A. Wong, K. Bizheva, and D. A. Clausi, “Interactive approach to intraretinal layer segmentation in optical coherence tomography images,” Opt. Express17(26) 23719–23728 (2009). [CrossRef]
- D. Cabrera Fernández, H. M. Salinas, and C. A. Puliafito, “Automated detection of retinal layer structures on optical coherence tomography images,” Opt. Express1310200–10216 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Perona and J. Malik, “Scale-space and edge detection using anisotropic diffusion,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.12629–639 (1990). [CrossRef]
- G. H. Cottet and L. Germain, “Image processing through reaction combined with nonlinear diffusion,” Math. Comp.61659–673 (1993). [CrossRef]
- J. Weickert, “Foundations and applications of nonlinear anisotropic diffusion filtering,” Z. Angew. Math. Mech.76(1) 283–286 (1996).
- J. Weickert, “Coherence-enhancing diffusion filtering,” Int. J. Comput. Vision31111–127 (1999). [CrossRef]
- A. Roussos and P. Maragos, “Tensor-based image diffusions derived from generalizations of the Total Variation and Beltrami Functionals,” in 2010 17th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) (2010), pp. 4141–4144. [CrossRef]
- M. Fedoryuk, “Method of steepest descent,” Encyclopaedia of Mathematics (Springer, 2001).
- R. Nowak, “Wavelet-based Rician noise removal for magnetic resonance imaging,” IEEE Trans. Image Process.8(10), 1408–1419 (1999). [CrossRef]
- T. N. Crawford, D. V. Alfaro, J. B. Kerrison, and E. P. Jablon, “Diabetic retinopathy and angiogenesis,” Curr. Diabetes Rev.5(1), 8–13 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Tamaki, M. Araie, E. Kawamoto, S. Eguchi, and H. Fujii, “Noncontact, two-dimensional measurement of retinal microcirculation using laser speckle phenomenon,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.35, 3825–3834 (1994). [PubMed]
- M. Szkulmowski, A. Szkulmowska, T. Bajraszewski, A. Kowalczyk, and M. Wojtkowski, “Flow velocity estimation using joint spectral and time domain optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express16(9), 6008–6025 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Leitgeb, L. Schmetterer, W. Drexler, A. Fercher, R. Zawadzki, and T. Bajraszewski, “Real-time assessment of retinal blood flow with ultrafast acquisition by color Doppler Fourier domain optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express11(23), 3116–3121 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Hariri, A. A. Moayed, A. Dracopolos, C. Hyun, S. Boyd, and K. Bizheva, “Limiting factors to the OCT axial resolution for in-vivo imaging of human and rodent retina in the 1060nm wavelength range,” Opt. Express17(26) 24304–24316 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. Mishra, A. Wong, K. Bizheva, and D. A. Clausi, “Interactive approach to intraretinal layer segmentation in optical coherence tomography images,” Opt. Express17(26) 23719–23728 (2009). [CrossRef]
- P. Puvanathasan, P. Forbes, Z. Ren, D. Malchow, S. Boyd, and K. Bizheva, “High-speed, high-resolution Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography system for retinal imaging in the 1060 nm wavelength region,” Opt. Lett.33, 2479–2481 (2008). [PubMed]
- S. Hariri, A. A. Moayed, A. Dracopolos, C. Hyun, S. Boyd, and K. Bizheva, “Limiting factors to the OCT axial resolution for in-vivo imaging of human and rodent retina in the 1060nm wavelength range,” Opt. Express17(26) 24304–24316 (2009). [CrossRef]
- P. Puvanathasan, P. Forbes, Z. Ren, D. Malchow, S. Boyd, and K. Bizheva, “High-speed, high-resolution Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography system for retinal imaging in the 1060 nm wavelength region,” Opt. Lett.33, 2479–2481 (2008). [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254, 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Ren, Y. Wang, J. Stuart Nelson, and Z. Chen, “Power optical Doppler tomography imaging of blood vessel in human skin and M-mode Doppler imaging of blood flow in chick chorioallantoic membrane,” Proc. SPIE4956225–231 (2003). [CrossRef]
- Y. Zhao, Z. Chen, C. Saxer, S. Xiang, J. F. de Boer, and J. S. Nelson, “Phase-resolved optical coherence tomography and optical Doppler tomography for imaging blood flow in human skin with fast scanning speed and high velocity sensitivity,” Opt. Lett.25(2), 114–116 (2000). [CrossRef]
- J. Flammer, S. Orgül, V. P. Costa, N. Orzalesi, G. K. Krieglstein, L. M. Serra, J.-P. Renard, and E. Stefansson, “The impact of ocular blood flow in glaucoma,” Prog. Retin. Eye Res.21, 359–393 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. A. Yannuzzi, K. T. Rohrer, L. J. Tindel, R. S. Sobel, M. A. Costanza, W. Shields, and E. Zang, “Fluorescein angiography complication survey,” Ophthalmology93, 611–617 (1986). [PubMed]
- G. H. Cottet and L. Germain, “Image processing through reaction combined with nonlinear diffusion,” Math. Comp.61659–673 (1993). [CrossRef]
- T. N. Crawford, D. V. Alfaro, J. B. Kerrison, and E. P. Jablon, “Diabetic retinopathy and angiogenesis,” Curr. Diabetes Rev.5(1), 8–13 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. Leitgeb, T. Schmoll, A. S. G. Singh, E. Diettrich, and G. Langs, “Comprehensive OCT imaging of retinal microvasculature without adaptive optics”, presented at Photonics West (BIOS), San Francisco, California, USA, January 22–27, 2011.
- S. Dithmar and F. G. Holz, Fluorescence Angiography in Ophthalmology (Springer, 2008).
- Y. Tamaki, M. Araie, E. Kawamoto, S. Eguchi, and H. Fujii, “Noncontact, two-dimensional measurement of retinal microcirculation using laser speckle phenomenon,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.35, 3825–3834 (1994). [PubMed]
- M. Fedoryuk, “Method of steepest descent,” Encyclopaedia of Mathematics (Springer, 2001).
- A. F. Fercher, “Optical coherence tomography,” J. Biomed. Opt.1, 157–173 (1996). [CrossRef]
- J. Flammer, S. Orgül, V. P. Costa, N. Orzalesi, G. K. Krieglstein, L. M. Serra, J.-P. Renard, and E. Stefansson, “The impact of ocular blood flow in glaucoma,” Prog. Retin. Eye Res.21, 359–393 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254, 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Friedman, “A hemodynamic model of the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration,” Am. J. Ophthalmol.124, 677–682 (1997). [PubMed]
- Y. Tamaki, M. Araie, E. Kawamoto, S. Eguchi, and H. Fujii, “Noncontact, two-dimensional measurement of retinal microcirculation using laser speckle phenomenon,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.35, 3825–3834 (1994). [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254, 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. H. Cottet and L. Germain, “Image processing through reaction combined with nonlinear diffusion,” Math. Comp.61659–673 (1993). [CrossRef]
- M. Hope-Ross, L. A. Yannuzzi, E. S. Gragoudas, D. R. Guyer, J. S. Slakter, J. A. Sorenson, S. Krupsky, D. A. Orlock, and C. A. Puliafito, “Adverse reactions due to indocyanine green,” Ophthalmology101, 529–533 (1994). [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254, 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Kokotas, M. Grigoriadou, and M. B. Petersen, “Age-related macular degeneration: genetic and clinical findings,” Clin. Chem. Lab. Med.49(4), 601–616 (2011). [CrossRef]
- G. Michelson, B. Schmauss, M. Langhans, J. Haraznv, and M. Groh, “Principle, validity, and reliability of scanning laser Doppler flowmetry,” J. Glaucoma5, 99–105 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Hope-Ross, L. A. Yannuzzi, E. S. Gragoudas, D. R. Guyer, J. S. Slakter, J. A. Sorenson, S. Krupsky, D. A. Orlock, and C. A. Puliafito, “Adverse reactions due to indocyanine green,” Ophthalmology101, 529–533 (1994). [PubMed]
- G. Michelson, B. Schmauss, M. Langhans, J. Haraznv, and M. Groh, “Principle, validity, and reliability of scanning laser Doppler flowmetry,” J. Glaucoma5, 99–105 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254, 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Dithmar and F. G. Holz, Fluorescence Angiography in Ophthalmology (Springer, 2008).
- M. Hope-Ross, L. A. Yannuzzi, E. S. Gragoudas, D. R. Guyer, J. S. Slakter, J. A. Sorenson, S. Krupsky, D. A. Orlock, and C. A. Puliafito, “Adverse reactions due to indocyanine green,” Ophthalmology101, 529–533 (1994). [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254, 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. N. Crawford, D. V. Alfaro, J. B. Kerrison, and E. P. Jablon, “Diabetic retinopathy and angiogenesis,” Curr. Diabetes Rev.5(1), 8–13 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Tamaki, M. Araie, E. Kawamoto, S. Eguchi, and H. Fujii, “Noncontact, two-dimensional measurement of retinal microcirculation using laser speckle phenomenon,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.35, 3825–3834 (1994). [PubMed]
- T. N. Crawford, D. V. Alfaro, J. B. Kerrison, and E. P. Jablon, “Diabetic retinopathy and angiogenesis,” Curr. Diabetes Rev.5(1), 8–13 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Patel, S. Rassam, R. Newsom, J. Wiek, and E. Kohner, “Retinal blood flow in diabetic retinopathy,” Br. Med. J.305(6855), 678–683 (1992). [CrossRef]
- H. Kokotas, M. Grigoriadou, and M. B. Petersen, “Age-related macular degeneration: genetic and clinical findings,” Clin. Chem. Lab. Med.49(4), 601–616 (2011). [CrossRef]
- A. Szkulmowska, M. Szkulmowski, D. Szlag, A. Kowalczyk, and M. Wojtkowski, “Three-dimensional quantitative imaging of retinal and choroidal blood flow velocity using joint Spectral and Time domain Optical Coherence Tomography,” Opt. Express17(13), 10584–10598 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Szkulmowski, A. Szkulmowska, T. Bajraszewski, A. Kowalczyk, and M. Wojtkowski, “Flow velocity estimation using joint spectral and time domain optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express16(9), 6008–6025 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Flammer, S. Orgül, V. P. Costa, N. Orzalesi, G. K. Krieglstein, L. M. Serra, J.-P. Renard, and E. Stefansson, “The impact of ocular blood flow in glaucoma,” Prog. Retin. Eye Res.21, 359–393 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Hope-Ross, L. A. Yannuzzi, E. S. Gragoudas, D. R. Guyer, J. S. Slakter, J. A. Sorenson, S. Krupsky, D. A. Orlock, and C. A. Puliafito, “Adverse reactions due to indocyanine green,” Ophthalmology101, 529–533 (1994). [PubMed]
- G. Michelson, B. Schmauss, M. Langhans, J. Haraznv, and M. Groh, “Principle, validity, and reliability of scanning laser Doppler flowmetry,” J. Glaucoma5, 99–105 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. Leitgeb, T. Schmoll, A. S. G. Singh, E. Diettrich, and G. Langs, “Comprehensive OCT imaging of retinal microvasculature without adaptive optics”, presented at Photonics West (BIOS), San Francisco, California, USA, January 22–27, 2011.
- S. Zotter, M. Pirchser, T Torzicky, M. Bonesi, E. Geotzinger, R. Leitgeb, and C. Hitzenberger, “Visualization of microvasculature by dual-beam phase-resolved Doppler optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express19(2), 1217–1227 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Leitgeb, L. Schmetterer, W. Drexler, A. Fercher, R. Zawadzki, and T. Bajraszewski, “Real-time assessment of retinal blood flow with ultrafast acquisition by color Doppler Fourier domain optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express11(23), 3116–3121 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Schmoll, C. Kolbitsch, and R. A. Leitgeb, “Ultra-high-speed volumetric tomography of human retinal blood flow,” Opt. Express17(5), 4166–4176 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. H. Bachmann, M. L. Villiger, C. Blatter, T. Lasser, and R. A. Leitgeb, “Resonant Doppler flow imaging and optical vivisection of retinal blood vessels,” Opt. Express15(2), 408–422 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. Leitgeb, T. Schmoll, A. S. G. Singh, E. Diettrich, and G. Langs, “Comprehensive OCT imaging of retinal microvasculature without adaptive optics”, presented at Photonics West (BIOS), San Francisco, California, USA, January 22–27, 2011.
- H. Ren, T. Sun, D. J. MacDonald, M. J. Cobb, and X. Li, “Real time in vivo blood-flow imaging by moving-scatterer-sensitive spectral-domain optical Doppler tomography,” Opt. Lett.31927–929 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Ren and X. Li, “Clutter rejection filters for optical Doppler tomography,” Opt. Express146103–6112 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254, 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Makita, F. Jaillon, M. Yamanari, M Muira, and Y. Yasuno, “Comprehensive in vivo micro-vascular imaging of the human eye by dual-beam-scan Doppler optical coherence angiography,” Opt. Express19(2), 1271–1283 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Makita, T. Fabritius, and Y. Yasuno, “Quantitative retinal-blood flow measurement with three-dimensional vessel geometry determination using ultrahigh-resolution Doppler optical coherence angiography,” Opt. Lett.33(8), 836–838 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Perona and J. Malik, “Scale-space and edge detection using anisotropic diffusion,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.12629–639 (1990). [CrossRef]
- A. Roussos and P. Maragos, “Tensor-based image diffusions derived from generalizations of the Total Variation and Beltrami Functionals,” in 2010 17th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) (2010), pp. 4141–4144. [CrossRef]
- G. Michelson, B. Schmauss, M. Langhans, J. Haraznv, and M. Groh, “Principle, validity, and reliability of scanning laser Doppler flowmetry,” J. Glaucoma5, 99–105 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Zhao, Z. Chen, C. Saxer, S. Xiang, J. F. de Boer, and J. S. Nelson, “Phase-resolved optical coherence tomography and optical Doppler tomography for imaging blood flow in human skin with fast scanning speed and high velocity sensitivity,” Opt. Lett.25(2), 114–116 (2000). [CrossRef]
- X. J. Wang, T. E. Milner, and J. S. Nelson, “Characterization of fluid flow velocity by optical Doppler tomography,” Opt. Lett.20(11), 1337–1339 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Patel, S. Rassam, R. Newsom, J. Wiek, and E. Kohner, “Retinal blood flow in diabetic retinopathy,” Br. Med. J.305(6855), 678–683 (1992). [CrossRef]
- R. Nowak, “Wavelet-based Rician noise removal for magnetic resonance imaging,” IEEE Trans. Image Process.8(10), 1408–1419 (1999). [CrossRef]
- J. Flammer, S. Orgül, V. P. Costa, N. Orzalesi, G. K. Krieglstein, L. M. Serra, J.-P. Renard, and E. Stefansson, “The impact of ocular blood flow in glaucoma,” Prog. Retin. Eye Res.21, 359–393 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Hope-Ross, L. A. Yannuzzi, E. S. Gragoudas, D. R. Guyer, J. S. Slakter, J. A. Sorenson, S. Krupsky, D. A. Orlock, and C. A. Puliafito, “Adverse reactions due to indocyanine green,” Ophthalmology101, 529–533 (1994). [PubMed]
- J. Flammer, S. Orgül, V. P. Costa, N. Orzalesi, G. K. Krieglstein, L. M. Serra, J.-P. Renard, and E. Stefansson, “The impact of ocular blood flow in glaucoma,” Prog. Retin. Eye Res.21, 359–393 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Patel, S. Rassam, R. Newsom, J. Wiek, and E. Kohner, “Retinal blood flow in diabetic retinopathy,” Br. Med. J.305(6855), 678–683 (1992). [CrossRef]
- P. Perona and J. Malik, “Scale-space and edge detection using anisotropic diffusion,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.12629–639 (1990). [CrossRef]
- H. Kokotas, M. Grigoriadou, and M. B. Petersen, “Age-related macular degeneration: genetic and clinical findings,” Clin. Chem. Lab. Med.49(4), 601–616 (2011). [CrossRef]
- D. Cabrera Fernández, H. M. Salinas, and C. A. Puliafito, “Automated detection of retinal layer structures on optical coherence tomography images,” Opt. Express1310200–10216 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Hope-Ross, L. A. Yannuzzi, E. S. Gragoudas, D. R. Guyer, J. S. Slakter, J. A. Sorenson, S. Krupsky, D. A. Orlock, and C. A. Puliafito, “Adverse reactions due to indocyanine green,” Ophthalmology101, 529–533 (1994). [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254, 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Patel, S. Rassam, R. Newsom, J. Wiek, and E. Kohner, “Retinal blood flow in diabetic retinopathy,” Br. Med. J.305(6855), 678–683 (1992). [CrossRef]
- H. Ren and X. Li, “Clutter rejection filters for optical Doppler tomography,” Opt. Express146103–6112 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Ren, T. Sun, D. J. MacDonald, M. J. Cobb, and X. Li, “Real time in vivo blood-flow imaging by moving-scatterer-sensitive spectral-domain optical Doppler tomography,” Opt. Lett.31927–929 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Ren, Y. Wang, J. Stuart Nelson, and Z. Chen, “Power optical Doppler tomography imaging of blood vessel in human skin and M-mode Doppler imaging of blood flow in chick chorioallantoic membrane,” Proc. SPIE4956225–231 (2003). [CrossRef]
- J. Flammer, S. Orgül, V. P. Costa, N. Orzalesi, G. K. Krieglstein, L. M. Serra, J.-P. Renard, and E. Stefansson, “The impact of ocular blood flow in glaucoma,” Prog. Retin. Eye Res.21, 359–393 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. A. Yannuzzi, K. T. Rohrer, L. J. Tindel, R. S. Sobel, M. A. Costanza, W. Shields, and E. Zang, “Fluorescein angiography complication survey,” Ophthalmology93, 611–617 (1986). [PubMed]
- A. Roussos and P. Maragos, “Tensor-based image diffusions derived from generalizations of the Total Variation and Beltrami Functionals,” in 2010 17th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) (2010), pp. 4141–4144. [CrossRef]
- G. Michelson, B. Schmauss, M. Langhans, J. Haraznv, and M. Groh, “Principle, validity, and reliability of scanning laser Doppler flowmetry,” J. Glaucoma5, 99–105 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Schmoll, C. Kolbitsch, and R. A. Leitgeb, “Ultra-high-speed volumetric tomography of human retinal blood flow,” Opt. Express17(5), 4166–4176 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. Leitgeb, T. Schmoll, A. S. G. Singh, E. Diettrich, and G. Langs, “Comprehensive OCT imaging of retinal microvasculature without adaptive optics”, presented at Photonics West (BIOS), San Francisco, California, USA, January 22–27, 2011.
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254, 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Flammer, S. Orgül, V. P. Costa, N. Orzalesi, G. K. Krieglstein, L. M. Serra, J.-P. Renard, and E. Stefansson, “The impact of ocular blood flow in glaucoma,” Prog. Retin. Eye Res.21, 359–393 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. A. Yannuzzi, K. T. Rohrer, L. J. Tindel, R. S. Sobel, M. A. Costanza, W. Shields, and E. Zang, “Fluorescein angiography complication survey,” Ophthalmology93, 611–617 (1986). [PubMed]
- R. A. Leitgeb, T. Schmoll, A. S. G. Singh, E. Diettrich, and G. Langs, “Comprehensive OCT imaging of retinal microvasculature without adaptive optics”, presented at Photonics West (BIOS), San Francisco, California, USA, January 22–27, 2011.
- M. Hope-Ross, L. A. Yannuzzi, E. S. Gragoudas, D. R. Guyer, J. S. Slakter, J. A. Sorenson, S. Krupsky, D. A. Orlock, and C. A. Puliafito, “Adverse reactions due to indocyanine green,” Ophthalmology101, 529–533 (1994). [PubMed]
- L. A. Yannuzzi, K. T. Rohrer, L. J. Tindel, R. S. Sobel, M. A. Costanza, W. Shields, and E. Zang, “Fluorescein angiography complication survey,” Ophthalmology93, 611–617 (1986). [PubMed]
- M. Hope-Ross, L. A. Yannuzzi, E. S. Gragoudas, D. R. Guyer, J. S. Slakter, J. A. Sorenson, S. Krupsky, D. A. Orlock, and C. A. Puliafito, “Adverse reactions due to indocyanine green,” Ophthalmology101, 529–533 (1994). [PubMed]
- J. Flammer, S. Orgül, V. P. Costa, N. Orzalesi, G. K. Krieglstein, L. M. Serra, J.-P. Renard, and E. Stefansson, “The impact of ocular blood flow in glaucoma,” Prog. Retin. Eye Res.21, 359–393 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254, 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Ren, Y. Wang, J. Stuart Nelson, and Z. Chen, “Power optical Doppler tomography imaging of blood vessel in human skin and M-mode Doppler imaging of blood flow in chick chorioallantoic membrane,” Proc. SPIE4956225–231 (2003). [CrossRef]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254, 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Szkulmowska, M. Szkulmowski, D. Szlag, A. Kowalczyk, and M. Wojtkowski, “Three-dimensional quantitative imaging of retinal and choroidal blood flow velocity using joint Spectral and Time domain Optical Coherence Tomography,” Opt. Express17(13), 10584–10598 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Szkulmowski, A. Szkulmowska, T. Bajraszewski, A. Kowalczyk, and M. Wojtkowski, “Flow velocity estimation using joint spectral and time domain optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express16(9), 6008–6025 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Szkulmowska, M. Szkulmowski, D. Szlag, A. Kowalczyk, and M. Wojtkowski, “Three-dimensional quantitative imaging of retinal and choroidal blood flow velocity using joint Spectral and Time domain Optical Coherence Tomography,” Opt. Express17(13), 10584–10598 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Szkulmowski, A. Szkulmowska, T. Bajraszewski, A. Kowalczyk, and M. Wojtkowski, “Flow velocity estimation using joint spectral and time domain optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express16(9), 6008–6025 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Tamaki, M. Araie, E. Kawamoto, S. Eguchi, and H. Fujii, “Noncontact, two-dimensional measurement of retinal microcirculation using laser speckle phenomenon,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.35, 3825–3834 (1994). [PubMed]
- L. A. Yannuzzi, K. T. Rohrer, L. J. Tindel, R. S. Sobel, M. A. Costanza, W. Shields, and E. Zang, “Fluorescein angiography complication survey,” Ophthalmology93, 611–617 (1986). [PubMed]
- Z. Zhi, W. Cepurna, E. Johnson, T. Shen, J. Morrison, and R. K. Wang, “Volumetric and quantitative imaging of retinal blood flow in rats with optical microangiography,” Biomed. Opt. Express2(3), 579–591 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. An and R. K. Wang, “In vivo volumetric imaging of vascular perfusion within human retina and choroids with optical micro-angiography,” Opt. Express16(15), 11438–11452 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. K. Wang, S. L. Jacques, Z. Ma, S. Hurst, S. R. Hanson, and A. Gruber, “Three dimensional optical angiography,” Opt. Express15(7), 4083–4097 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Ren, Y. Wang, J. Stuart Nelson, and Z. Chen, “Power optical Doppler tomography imaging of blood vessel in human skin and M-mode Doppler imaging of blood flow in chick chorioallantoic membrane,” Proc. SPIE4956225–231 (2003). [CrossRef]
- J. Weickert, “Coherence-enhancing diffusion filtering,” Int. J. Comput. Vision31111–127 (1999). [CrossRef]
- J. Weickert, “Foundations and applications of nonlinear anisotropic diffusion filtering,” Z. Angew. Math. Mech.76(1) 283–286 (1996).
- V. Patel, S. Rassam, R. Newsom, J. Wiek, and E. Kohner, “Retinal blood flow in diabetic retinopathy,” Br. Med. J.305(6855), 678–683 (1992). [CrossRef]
- A. Szkulmowska, M. Szkulmowski, D. Szlag, A. Kowalczyk, and M. Wojtkowski, “Three-dimensional quantitative imaging of retinal and choroidal blood flow velocity using joint Spectral and Time domain Optical Coherence Tomography,” Opt. Express17(13), 10584–10598 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Szkulmowski, A. Szkulmowska, T. Bajraszewski, A. Kowalczyk, and M. Wojtkowski, “Flow velocity estimation using joint spectral and time domain optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express16(9), 6008–6025 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Hope-Ross, L. A. Yannuzzi, E. S. Gragoudas, D. R. Guyer, J. S. Slakter, J. A. Sorenson, S. Krupsky, D. A. Orlock, and C. A. Puliafito, “Adverse reactions due to indocyanine green,” Ophthalmology101, 529–533 (1994). [PubMed]
- L. A. Yannuzzi, K. T. Rohrer, L. J. Tindel, R. S. Sobel, M. A. Costanza, W. Shields, and E. Zang, “Fluorescein angiography complication survey,” Ophthalmology93, 611–617 (1986). [PubMed]
- S. Makita, F. Jaillon, M. Yamanari, M Muira, and Y. Yasuno, “Comprehensive in vivo micro-vascular imaging of the human eye by dual-beam-scan Doppler optical coherence angiography,” Opt. Express19(2), 1271–1283 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Makita, T. Fabritius, and Y. Yasuno, “Quantitative retinal-blood flow measurement with three-dimensional vessel geometry determination using ultrahigh-resolution Doppler optical coherence angiography,” Opt. Lett.33(8), 836–838 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. A. Yannuzzi, K. T. Rohrer, L. J. Tindel, R. S. Sobel, M. A. Costanza, W. Shields, and E. Zang, “Fluorescein angiography complication survey,” Ophthalmology93, 611–617 (1986). [PubMed]
Am. J. Ophthalmol.
- E. Friedman, “A hemodynamic model of the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration,” Am. J. Ophthalmol.124, 677–682 (1997). [PubMed]
Appl. Opt.
- C. E. Riva, G. T. Feke, B. Eberli, and V. Benary, “Bidirectional LDV system for absolute measurement of blood speed in retinal vessels,” Appl. Opt.18, 2301–2306 (1979). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Biomed. Opt. Express
- Z. Zhi, W. Cepurna, E. Johnson, T. Shen, J. Morrison, and R. K. Wang, “Volumetric and quantitative imaging of retinal blood flow in rats with optical microangiography,” Biomed. Opt. Express2(3), 579–591 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Br. Med. J.
- V. Patel, S. Rassam, R. Newsom, J. Wiek, and E. Kohner, “Retinal blood flow in diabetic retinopathy,” Br. Med. J.305(6855), 678–683 (1992). [CrossRef]
Clin. Chem. Lab. Med.
- H. Kokotas, M. Grigoriadou, and M. B. Petersen, “Age-related macular degeneration: genetic and clinical findings,” Clin. Chem. Lab. Med.49(4), 601–616 (2011). [CrossRef]
Curr. Diabetes Rev.
- T. N. Crawford, D. V. Alfaro, J. B. Kerrison, and E. P. Jablon, “Diabetic retinopathy and angiogenesis,” Curr. Diabetes Rev.5(1), 8–13 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
IEEE Trans. Image Process.
- R. Nowak, “Wavelet-based Rician noise removal for magnetic resonance imaging,” IEEE Trans. Image Process.8(10), 1408–1419 (1999). [CrossRef]
IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.
- P. Perona and J. Malik, “Scale-space and edge detection using anisotropic diffusion,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.12629–639 (1990). [CrossRef]
Int. J. Comput. Vision
- J. Weickert, “Coherence-enhancing diffusion filtering,” Int. J. Comput. Vision31111–127 (1999). [CrossRef]
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.
- Y. Tamaki, M. Araie, E. Kawamoto, S. Eguchi, and H. Fujii, “Noncontact, two-dimensional measurement of retinal microcirculation using laser speckle phenomenon,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.35, 3825–3834 (1994). [PubMed]
J. Biomed. Opt.
- A. F. Fercher, “Optical coherence tomography,” J. Biomed. Opt.1, 157–173 (1996). [CrossRef]
J. Glaucoma
- G. Michelson, B. Schmauss, M. Langhans, J. Haraznv, and M. Groh, “Principle, validity, and reliability of scanning laser Doppler flowmetry,” J. Glaucoma5, 99–105 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Math. Comp.
- G. H. Cottet and L. Germain, “Image processing through reaction combined with nonlinear diffusion,” Math. Comp.61659–673 (1993). [CrossRef]
Ophthalmology
- M. Hope-Ross, L. A. Yannuzzi, E. S. Gragoudas, D. R. Guyer, J. S. Slakter, J. A. Sorenson, S. Krupsky, D. A. Orlock, and C. A. Puliafito, “Adverse reactions due to indocyanine green,” Ophthalmology101, 529–533 (1994). [PubMed]
- L. A. Yannuzzi, K. T. Rohrer, L. J. Tindel, R. S. Sobel, M. A. Costanza, W. Shields, and E. Zang, “Fluorescein angiography complication survey,” Ophthalmology93, 611–617 (1986). [PubMed]
Opt. Express
- R. Leitgeb, L. Schmetterer, W. Drexler, A. Fercher, R. Zawadzki, and T. Bajraszewski, “Real-time assessment of retinal blood flow with ultrafast acquisition by color Doppler Fourier domain optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express11(23), 3116–3121 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Szkulmowski, A. Szkulmowska, T. Bajraszewski, A. Kowalczyk, and M. Wojtkowski, “Flow velocity estimation using joint spectral and time domain optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express16(9), 6008–6025 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. K. Tao, A. M. Davis, and J. A. Izatt, “Single-pass volumetric bidirectional blood flow imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography using a modified Hilbert transform,” Opt. Express16(16), 12350–12361 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. H. Bachmann, M. L. Villiger, C. Blatter, T. Lasser, and R. A. Leitgeb, “Resonant Doppler flow imaging and optical vivisection of retinal blood vessels,” Opt. Express15(2), 408–422 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. K. Wang, S. L. Jacques, Z. Ma, S. Hurst, S. R. Hanson, and A. Gruber, “Three dimensional optical angiography,” Opt. Express15(7), 4083–4097 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Hariri, A. A. Moayed, A. Dracopolos, C. Hyun, S. Boyd, and K. Bizheva, “Limiting factors to the OCT axial resolution for in-vivo imaging of human and rodent retina in the 1060nm wavelength range,” Opt. Express17(26) 24304–24316 (2009). [CrossRef]
- A. Mishra, A. Wong, K. Bizheva, and D. A. Clausi, “Interactive approach to intraretinal layer segmentation in optical coherence tomography images,” Opt. Express17(26) 23719–23728 (2009). [CrossRef]
- D. Cabrera Fernández, H. M. Salinas, and C. A. Puliafito, “Automated detection of retinal layer structures on optical coherence tomography images,” Opt. Express1310200–10216 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. An and R. K. Wang, “In vivo volumetric imaging of vascular perfusion within human retina and choroids with optical micro-angiography,” Opt. Express16(15), 11438–11452 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Fingler, R. J. Zawadzki, J. S. Werner, D. Schwartz, and S. E. Fraser, “Volumetric microvascular imaging of human retina using optical coherence tomography with a novel motion contrast technique,” Opt. Express17(24), 22190–22200 (2010). [CrossRef]
- S. Makita, F. Jaillon, M. Yamanari, M Muira, and Y. Yasuno, “Comprehensive in vivo micro-vascular imaging of the human eye by dual-beam-scan Doppler optical coherence angiography,” Opt. Express19(2), 1271–1283 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Zotter, M. Pirchser, T Torzicky, M. Bonesi, E. Geotzinger, R. Leitgeb, and C. Hitzenberger, “Visualization of microvasculature by dual-beam phase-resolved Doppler optical coherence tomography,” Opt. Express19(2), 1217–1227 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Ren and X. Li, “Clutter rejection filters for optical Doppler tomography,” Opt. Express146103–6112 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Schmoll, C. Kolbitsch, and R. A. Leitgeb, “Ultra-high-speed volumetric tomography of human retinal blood flow,” Opt. Express17(5), 4166–4176 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Szkulmowska, M. Szkulmowski, D. Szlag, A. Kowalczyk, and M. Wojtkowski, “Three-dimensional quantitative imaging of retinal and choroidal blood flow velocity using joint Spectral and Time domain Optical Coherence Tomography,” Opt. Express17(13), 10584–10598 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Lett.
- H. Ren, T. Sun, D. J. MacDonald, M. J. Cobb, and X. Li, “Real time in vivo blood-flow imaging by moving-scatterer-sensitive spectral-domain optical Doppler tomography,” Opt. Lett.31927–929 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Makita, T. Fabritius, and Y. Yasuno, “Quantitative retinal-blood flow measurement with three-dimensional vessel geometry determination using ultrahigh-resolution Doppler optical coherence angiography,” Opt. Lett.33(8), 836–838 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Puvanathasan, P. Forbes, Z. Ren, D. Malchow, S. Boyd, and K. Bizheva, “High-speed, high-resolution Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography system for retinal imaging in the 1060 nm wavelength region,” Opt. Lett.33, 2479–2481 (2008). [PubMed]
- X. J. Wang, T. E. Milner, and J. S. Nelson, “Characterization of fluid flow velocity by optical Doppler tomography,” Opt. Lett.20(11), 1337–1339 (1995). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Zhao, Z. Chen, C. Saxer, S. Xiang, J. F. de Boer, and J. S. Nelson, “Phase-resolved optical coherence tomography and optical Doppler tomography for imaging blood flow in human skin with fast scanning speed and high velocity sensitivity,” Opt. Lett.25(2), 114–116 (2000). [CrossRef]
Proc. SPIE
- H. Ren, Y. Wang, J. Stuart Nelson, and Z. Chen, “Power optical Doppler tomography imaging of blood vessel in human skin and M-mode Doppler imaging of blood flow in chick chorioallantoic membrane,” Proc. SPIE4956225–231 (2003). [CrossRef]
Prog. Retin. Eye Res.
- J. Flammer, S. Orgül, V. P. Costa, N. Orzalesi, G. K. Krieglstein, L. M. Serra, J.-P. Renard, and E. Stefansson, “The impact of ocular blood flow in glaucoma,” Prog. Retin. Eye Res.21, 359–393 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Science
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254, 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Z. Angew. Math. Mech.
- J. Weickert, “Foundations and applications of nonlinear anisotropic diffusion filtering,” Z. Angew. Math. Mech.76(1) 283–286 (1996).
Other
- R. A. Leitgeb, T. Schmoll, A. S. G. Singh, E. Diettrich, and G. Langs, “Comprehensive OCT imaging of retinal microvasculature without adaptive optics”, presented at Photonics West (BIOS), San Francisco, California, USA, January 22–27, 2011.
- S. Dithmar and F. G. Holz, Fluorescence Angiography in Ophthalmology (Springer, 2008).
- A. Roussos and P. Maragos, “Tensor-based image diffusions derived from generalizations of the Total Variation and Beltrami Functionals,” in 2010 17th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) (2010), pp. 4141–4144. [CrossRef]
- M. Fedoryuk, “Method of steepest descent,” Encyclopaedia of Mathematics (Springer, 2001).
2011, Kokotas, Clin. Chem. Lab. Med.
- H. Kokotas, M. Grigoriadou, and M. B. Petersen, “Age-related macular degeneration: genetic and clinical findings,” Clin. Chem. Lab. Med.49(4), 601–616 (2011). [CrossRef]
- T. N. Crawford, D. V. Alfaro, J. B. Kerrison, and E. P. Jablon, “Diabetic retinopathy and angiogenesis,” Curr. Diabetes Rev.5(1), 8–13 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Ren, Y. Wang, J. Stuart Nelson, and Z. Chen, “Power optical Doppler tomography imaging of blood vessel in human skin and M-mode Doppler imaging of blood flow in chick chorioallantoic membrane,” Proc. SPIE4956225–231 (2003). [CrossRef]
- J. Flammer, S. Orgül, V. P. Costa, N. Orzalesi, G. K. Krieglstein, L. M. Serra, J.-P. Renard, and E. Stefansson, “The impact of ocular blood flow in glaucoma,” Prog. Retin. Eye Res.21, 359–393 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Weickert, “Coherence-enhancing diffusion filtering,” Int. J. Comput. Vision31111–127 (1999). [CrossRef]
- R. Nowak, “Wavelet-based Rician noise removal for magnetic resonance imaging,” IEEE Trans. Image Process.8(10), 1408–1419 (1999). [CrossRef]
- E. Friedman, “A hemodynamic model of the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration,” Am. J. Ophthalmol.124, 677–682 (1997). [PubMed]
- G. Michelson, B. Schmauss, M. Langhans, J. Haraznv, and M. Groh, “Principle, validity, and reliability of scanning laser Doppler flowmetry,” J. Glaucoma5, 99–105 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. F. Fercher, “Optical coherence tomography,” J. Biomed. Opt.1, 157–173 (1996). [CrossRef]
- J. Weickert, “Foundations and applications of nonlinear anisotropic diffusion filtering,” Z. Angew. Math. Mech.76(1) 283–286 (1996).
- Y. Tamaki, M. Araie, E. Kawamoto, S. Eguchi, and H. Fujii, “Noncontact, two-dimensional measurement of retinal microcirculation using laser speckle phenomenon,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.35, 3825–3834 (1994). [PubMed]
- M. Hope-Ross, L. A. Yannuzzi, E. S. Gragoudas, D. R. Guyer, J. S. Slakter, J. A. Sorenson, S. Krupsky, D. A. Orlock, and C. A. Puliafito, “Adverse reactions due to indocyanine green,” Ophthalmology101, 529–533 (1994). [PubMed]
- G. H. Cottet and L. Germain, “Image processing through reaction combined with nonlinear diffusion,” Math. Comp.61659–673 (1993). [CrossRef]
- V. Patel, S. Rassam, R. Newsom, J. Wiek, and E. Kohner, “Retinal blood flow in diabetic retinopathy,” Br. Med. J.305(6855), 678–683 (1992). [CrossRef]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254, 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Perona and J. Malik, “Scale-space and edge detection using anisotropic diffusion,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.12629–639 (1990). [CrossRef]
- L. A. Yannuzzi, K. T. Rohrer, L. J. Tindel, R. S. Sobel, M. A. Costanza, W. Shields, and E. Zang, “Fluorescein angiography complication survey,” Ophthalmology93, 611–617 (1986). [PubMed]
Cited By |
OSA is able to provide readers links to articles that cite this paper by participating in CrossRef's Cited-By Linking service. CrossRef includes content from more than 3000 publishers and societies. In addition to listing OSA journal articles that cite this paper, citing articles from other participating publishers will also be listed.
Related Journal Articles 
- Cartilage thickness measurements from optical coherence tomography (JOSAA)
- Speckle noise reduction algorithm for optical coherence tomography based on interval type II fuzzy set (OE)
- Interval type-II fuzzy anisotropic diffusion algorithm for speckle noise reduction in optical coherence tomography images (OE)
- Intra-retinal layer segmentation in optical coherence tomography images (OE)
- General Bayesian estimation for speckle noise reduction in optical coherence tomography retinal imagery (OE)
Related Conference Papers 
- Long Exposure Point Spread Function Estimation from Adaptive Optics Loop Data
- Fisher-Information-Based Performance Bounds of Certain Integrated Imaging Systems
- Target Detection and Discrimination through Active Multispectral Polarimetric Imaging
- Regularization, Support Constraints, and Noise Reduction in Images -- A Cramér-Rao Bound Analysis
- A new speckle removal algorithm for optical coherence tomography
- Firefox 11+
- Google Chrome 17+
- Internet Explorer 9+
- Safari 5+




OSA is a member of 