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Optical coherence tomography for the identification of musculoskeletal structures of the spine: a pilot studyKathy Beaudette, Mathias Strupler, Fouzi Benboujja, Stefan Parent, Carl-Eric Aubin, and Caroline Boudoux »View Author Affiliations
Kathy Beaudette,1,3
Mathias Strupler,1,3
Fouzi Benboujja,1,3
Stefan Parent,3
Carl-Eric Aubin,2,3
and Caroline Boudoux1,3,*
1Engineering Physics Department, École Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada 2Mechanical Engineering Department, École Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada 3Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, 3175, Côte Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec, Canada *Corresponding author: caroline.boudoux@polymtl.ca |
Biomedical Optics Express, Vol. 3, Issue 3, pp. 533-542 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/BOE.3.000533
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Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a complex three-dimensional deformity of the spine requiring in severe cases invasive surgery. Here, we explore the potential of optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a guiding tool for novel fusionless minimally invasive spinal surgeries on an ex vivo porcine model. We show that OCT, despite its limited penetration depth, may be used to precisely locate structures such as growth plate, bone and intervertebral disk using relative attenuation coefficients. We further demonstrate a segmentation algorithm that locates growth plates automatically on en-face OCT reconstructions.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(170.3660) Medical optics and biotechnology : Light propagation in tissues
(170.3880) Medical optics and biotechnology : Medical and biological imaging
(170.4500) Medical optics and biotechnology : Optical coherence tomography
(170.6935) Medical optics and biotechnology : Tissue characterization
ToC Category:
Optical Coherence Tomography
History
Original Manuscript: December 19, 2011
Revised Manuscript: February 1, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: February 4, 2012
Published: February 13, 2012
Citation
Kathy Beaudette, Mathias Strupler, Fouzi Benboujja, Stefan Parent, Carl-Eric Aubin, and Caroline Boudoux, "Optical coherence tomography for the identification of musculoskeletal structures of the spine: a pilot study," Biomed. Opt. Express 3, 533-542 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-3-3-533
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References
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Aalders, M. C.
Adachi, N.
Adams, S. B.
Aerssens, J.
Akyuz, E.
Asghar, J.
Aubin, C. E.
Aubin, C.-E.
Bachus, K. N.
Bear, D. M.
Betz, R. R.
Boonen, S.
Boppart, S. A.
Bouma, B. E.
Bourquin, S.
Braun, J. T.
Brezinski, M. E.
Bylski-Austrow, D. I.
Carlier, S. G.
Chafetz, R.
Chambers, R. C.
Chang, E. W.
Chang, W.
Chu, C. R.
Chu, C. T.
Coyle, C. H.
Crawford, A. H.
D'Andrea, L. P.
Dequeker, J.
Drexler, W.
Driscoll, M.
Dwek, J.
Faber, D. J.
Farnsworth, C. L.
Ferretti, M.
Flotte, T.
Fu, F. H.
Fujimoto, J. G.
Gaughan, J. P.
Ghanta, R.
Gregory, K.
Grewal, H.
Han, C. W.
Harman, M.
Hee, M. R.
Herrmann, J. M.
Herz, P. R.
Huang, D.
Huard, J.
Irrgang, J. J.
Izzo, N. J.
Jacques, S. L.
Jesser, C.
Jesser, C. A.
Kalkman, J.
Kim, J. R.
Kodach, V. M.
Kolata, R. J.
Li, X.
Li, Z.
Lin, C. P.
Lodge, M. B.
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Mahar, A. T.
Martin, S.
Martin, S. D.
McLaughlin, R. A.
Moreau, A.
Mulcahey, M. J.
Newton, P. O.
Ogilvie, J. W.
Oka, R.
Oyajobi, B. O.
Pan, Y.
Parent, S.
Pasterkamp, G.
Patel, N. A.
Perry, A.
Pitris, C.
Price, J. S.
Puliafito, C. A.
Ranade, A.
Robbins, P.
Roberts, M. J.
Russell, R. G.
Samdani, A. F.
Sampson, D. D.
Sarwark, J.
Sarwark, J. F.
Sassoon, D. M. B.
Saunders, C.
Saunders, K.
Schmid, E. C.
Schmitt, J. M.
Schneider, K.
Schuman, J. S.
Scolaro, L.
Sharma, U.
Shortkroff, S.
Southern, J. F.
Stamper, D.
Stamper, D. L.
Stinson, W. G.
Studer, R. K.
Swanson, E. A.
Tearney, G. J.
Upasani, V. V.
Usas, A.
van der Meer, F. J.
van Leeuwen, T. G.
Virmani, R.
Wakula, Y.
Wall, E. J.
Williams, A.
Xie, T.
Xu, C.
Yun, S. H.
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- C. W. Han, C. R. Chu, N. Adachi, A. Usas, F. H. Fu, J. Huard, and Y. Pan, “Analysis of rabbit articular cartilage repair after chondrocyte implantation using optical coherence tomography,” Osteoarthritis Cartilage11(2), 111–121 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. B. Adams, P. R. Herz, D. L. Stamper, M. J. Roberts, S. Bourquin, N. A. Patel, K. Schneider, S. D. Martin, S. Shortkroff, J. G. Fujimoto, and M. E. Brezinski, “High-resolution imaging of progressive articular cartilage degeneration,” J. Orthop. Res.24(4), 708–715 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- J. T. Braun, E. Akyuz, J. W. Ogilvie, and K. N. Bachus, “The efficacy and integrity of shape memory alloy staples and bone anchors with ligament tethers in the fusionless treatment of experimental scoliosis,” J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.87(9), 2038–2051 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. R. Betz, A. Ranade, A. F. Samdani, R. Chafetz, L. P. DʼAndrea, J. P. Gaughan, J. Asghar, H. Grewal, and M. J. Mulcahey, “Vertebral body stapling: a fusionless treatment option for a growing child with moderate idiopathic scoliosis,” Spine35(2), 169–176 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. C. Schmid, C. E. Aubin, A. Moreau, J. Sarwark, and S. Parent, “A novel fusionless vertebral physeal device inducing spinal growth modulation for the correction of spinal deformities,” Eur. Spine J.17(10), 1329–1335 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Driscoll, C.-E. Aubin, A. Moreau, Y. Wakula, J. F. Sarwark, and S. Parent, “Spinal growth modulation using a novel intravertebral epiphyseal device in an immature porcine model,” Eur. Spine J.21(1), 138–144 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. T. Braun, E. Akyuz, J. W. Ogilvie, and K. N. Bachus, “The efficacy and integrity of shape memory alloy staples and bone anchors with ligament tethers in the fusionless treatment of experimental scoliosis,” J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.87(9), 2038–2051 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- R. R. Betz, A. Ranade, A. F. Samdani, R. Chafetz, L. P. DʼAndrea, J. P. Gaughan, J. Asghar, H. Grewal, and M. J. Mulcahey, “Vertebral body stapling: a fusionless treatment option for a growing child with moderate idiopathic scoliosis,” Spine35(2), 169–176 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- J. M. Herrmann, C. Pitris, B. E. Bouma, S. A. Boppart, C. A. Jesser, D. L. Stamper, J. G. Fujimoto, and M. E. Brezinski, “High resolution imaging of normal and osteoarthritic cartilage with optical coherence tomography,” J. Rheumatol.26(3), 627–635 (1999). [PubMed]
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- J. M. Herrmann, C. Pitris, B. E. Bouma, S. A. Boppart, C. A. Jesser, D. L. Stamper, J. G. Fujimoto, and M. E. Brezinski, “High resolution imaging of normal and osteoarthritic cartilage with optical coherence tomography,” J. Rheumatol.26(3), 627–635 (1999). [PubMed]
- G. J. Tearney, M. E. Brezinski, B. E. Bouma, S. A. Boppart, C. Pitris, J. F. Southern, and J. G. Fujimoto, “In vivo endoscopic optical biopsy with optical coherence tomography,” Science276(5321), 2037–2039 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. B. Adams, P. R. Herz, D. L. Stamper, M. J. Roberts, S. Bourquin, N. A. Patel, K. Schneider, S. D. Martin, S. Shortkroff, J. G. Fujimoto, and M. E. Brezinski, “High-resolution imaging of progressive articular cartilage degeneration,” J. Orthop. Res.24(4), 708–715 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. T. Braun, E. Akyuz, J. W. Ogilvie, and K. N. Bachus, “The efficacy and integrity of shape memory alloy staples and bone anchors with ligament tethers in the fusionless treatment of experimental scoliosis,” J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.87(9), 2038–2051 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. B. Adams, P. R. Herz, D. L. Stamper, M. J. Roberts, S. Bourquin, N. A. Patel, K. Schneider, S. D. Martin, S. Shortkroff, J. G. Fujimoto, and M. E. Brezinski, “High-resolution imaging of progressive articular cartilage degeneration,” J. Orthop. Res.24(4), 708–715 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Li, S. Martin, C. Pitris, R. Ghanta, D. L. Stamper, M. Harman, J. G. Fujimoto, and M. E. Brezinski, “High-resolution optical coherence tomographic imaging of osteoarthritic cartilage during open knee surgery,” Arthritis Res. Ther.7(2), R318–R323 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Drexler, D. Stamper, C. Jesser, X. Li, C. Pitris, K. Saunders, S. Martin, M. B. Lodge, J. G. Fujimoto, and M. E. Brezinski, “Correlation of collagen organization with polarization sensitive imaging of in vitro cartilage: implications for osteoarthritis,” J. Rheumatol.28(6), 1311–1318 (2001). [PubMed]
- J. M. Herrmann, C. Pitris, B. E. Bouma, S. A. Boppart, C. A. Jesser, D. L. Stamper, J. G. Fujimoto, and M. E. Brezinski, “High resolution imaging of normal and osteoarthritic cartilage with optical coherence tomography,” J. Rheumatol.26(3), 627–635 (1999). [PubMed]
- G. J. Tearney, M. E. Brezinski, B. E. Bouma, S. A. Boppart, C. Pitris, J. F. Southern, and J. G. Fujimoto, “In vivo endoscopic optical biopsy with optical coherence tomography,” Science276(5321), 2037–2039 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. J. Wall, D. I. Bylski-Austrow, R. J. Kolata, and A. H. Crawford, “Endoscopic mechanical spinal hemiepiphysiodesis modifies spine growth,” Spine30(10), 1148–1153 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Xu, J. M. Schmitt, S. G. Carlier, and R. Virmani, “Characterization of atherosclerosis plaques by measuring both backscattering and attenuation coefficients in optical coherence tomography,” J. Biomed. Opt.13(3), 034003 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. R. Betz, A. Ranade, A. F. Samdani, R. Chafetz, L. P. DʼAndrea, J. P. Gaughan, J. Asghar, H. Grewal, and M. J. Mulcahey, “Vertebral body stapling: a fusionless treatment option for a growing child with moderate idiopathic scoliosis,” Spine35(2), 169–176 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. O. Newton, V. V. Upasani, C. L. Farnsworth, R. Oka, R. C. Chambers, J. Dwek, J. R. Kim, A. Perry, and A. T. Mahar, “Spinal growth modulation with use of a tether in an immature porcine model,” J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.90(12), 2695–2706 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. M. Bear, A. Williams, C. T. Chu, C. H. Coyle, and C. R. Chu, “Optical coherence tomography grading correlates with MRI T2 mapping and extracellular matrix content,” J. Orthop. Res.28(4), 546–552 (2010). [PubMed]
- C. R. Chu, N. J. Izzo, J. J. Irrgang, M. Ferretti, and R. K. Studer, “Clinical diagnosis of potentially treatable early articular cartilage degeneration using optical coherence tomography,” J. Biomed. Opt.12(5), 051703 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Pan, Z. Li, T. Xie, and C. R. Chu, “Hand-held arthroscopic optical coherence tomography for in vivo high-resolution imaging of articular cartilage,” J. Biomed. Opt.8(4), 648–654 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. W. Han, C. R. Chu, N. Adachi, A. Usas, F. H. Fu, J. Huard, and Y. Pan, “Analysis of rabbit articular cartilage repair after chondrocyte implantation using optical coherence tomography,” Osteoarthritis Cartilage11(2), 111–121 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. M. Bear, A. Williams, C. T. Chu, C. H. Coyle, and C. R. Chu, “Optical coherence tomography grading correlates with MRI T2 mapping and extracellular matrix content,” J. Orthop. Res.28(4), 546–552 (2010). [PubMed]
- D. M. Bear, A. Williams, C. T. Chu, C. H. Coyle, and C. R. Chu, “Optical coherence tomography grading correlates with MRI T2 mapping and extracellular matrix content,” J. Orthop. Res.28(4), 546–552 (2010). [PubMed]
- E. J. Wall, D. I. Bylski-Austrow, R. J. Kolata, and A. H. Crawford, “Endoscopic mechanical spinal hemiepiphysiodesis modifies spine growth,” Spine30(10), 1148–1153 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. R. Betz, A. Ranade, A. F. Samdani, R. Chafetz, L. P. DʼAndrea, J. P. Gaughan, J. Asghar, H. Grewal, and M. J. Mulcahey, “Vertebral body stapling: a fusionless treatment option for a growing child with moderate idiopathic scoliosis,” Spine35(2), 169–176 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Aerssens, S. Boonen, G. Lowet, and J. Dequeker, “Interspecies differences in bone composition, density, and quality: potential implications for in vivo bone research,” Endocrinology139(2), 663–670 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Drexler, D. Stamper, C. Jesser, X. Li, C. Pitris, K. Saunders, S. Martin, M. B. Lodge, J. G. Fujimoto, and M. E. Brezinski, “Correlation of collagen organization with polarization sensitive imaging of in vitro cartilage: implications for osteoarthritis,” J. Rheumatol.28(6), 1311–1318 (2001). [PubMed]
- M. Driscoll, C.-E. Aubin, A. Moreau, Y. Wakula, J. F. Sarwark, and S. Parent, “Spinal growth modulation using a novel intravertebral epiphyseal device in an immature porcine model,” Eur. Spine J.21(1), 138–144 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. O. Newton, V. V. Upasani, C. L. Farnsworth, R. Oka, R. C. Chambers, J. Dwek, J. R. Kim, A. Perry, and A. T. Mahar, “Spinal growth modulation with use of a tether in an immature porcine model,” J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.90(12), 2695–2706 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. M. Kodach, J. Kalkman, D. J. Faber, and T. G. van Leeuwen, “Quantitative comparison of the OCT imaging depth at 1300 nm and 1600 nm,” Biomed. Opt. Express1(1), 176–185 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. J. van der Meer, D. J. Faber, D. M. B. Sassoon, M. C. Aalders, G. Pasterkamp, and T. G. van Leeuwen, “Localized measurement of optical attenuation coefficients of atherosclerotic plaque constituents by quantitative optical coherence tomography,” IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging24(10), 1369–1376 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. O. Newton, V. V. Upasani, C. L. Farnsworth, R. Oka, R. C. Chambers, J. Dwek, J. R. Kim, A. Perry, and A. T. Mahar, “Spinal growth modulation with use of a tether in an immature porcine model,” J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.90(12), 2695–2706 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. R. Chu, N. J. Izzo, J. J. Irrgang, M. Ferretti, and R. K. Studer, “Clinical diagnosis of potentially treatable early articular cartilage degeneration using optical coherence tomography,” J. Biomed. Opt.12(5), 051703 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. W. Han, C. R. Chu, N. Adachi, A. Usas, F. H. Fu, J. Huard, and Y. Pan, “Analysis of rabbit articular cartilage repair after chondrocyte implantation using optical coherence tomography,” Osteoarthritis Cartilage11(2), 111–121 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. B. Adams, P. R. Herz, D. L. Stamper, M. J. Roberts, S. Bourquin, N. A. Patel, K. Schneider, S. D. Martin, S. Shortkroff, J. G. Fujimoto, and M. E. Brezinski, “High-resolution imaging of progressive articular cartilage degeneration,” J. Orthop. Res.24(4), 708–715 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Li, S. Martin, C. Pitris, R. Ghanta, D. L. Stamper, M. Harman, J. G. Fujimoto, and M. E. Brezinski, “High-resolution optical coherence tomographic imaging of osteoarthritic cartilage during open knee surgery,” Arthritis Res. Ther.7(2), R318–R323 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Drexler, D. Stamper, C. Jesser, X. Li, C. Pitris, K. Saunders, S. Martin, M. B. Lodge, J. G. Fujimoto, and M. E. Brezinski, “Correlation of collagen organization with polarization sensitive imaging of in vitro cartilage: implications for osteoarthritis,” J. Rheumatol.28(6), 1311–1318 (2001). [PubMed]
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- E. J. Wall, D. I. Bylski-Austrow, R. J. Kolata, and A. H. Crawford, “Endoscopic mechanical spinal hemiepiphysiodesis modifies spine growth,” Spine30(10), 1148–1153 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. M. Bear, A. Williams, C. T. Chu, C. H. Coyle, and C. R. Chu, “Optical coherence tomography grading correlates with MRI T2 mapping and extracellular matrix content,” J. Orthop. Res.28(4), 546–552 (2010). [PubMed]
- Y. Pan, Z. Li, T. Xie, and C. R. Chu, “Hand-held arthroscopic optical coherence tomography for in vivo high-resolution imaging of articular cartilage,” J. Biomed. Opt.8(4), 648–654 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Xu, J. M. Schmitt, S. G. Carlier, and R. Virmani, “Characterization of atherosclerosis plaques by measuring both backscattering and attenuation coefficients in optical coherence tomography,” J. Biomed. Opt.13(3), 034003 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Arthritis Res. Ther.
- X. Li, S. Martin, C. Pitris, R. Ghanta, D. L. Stamper, M. Harman, J. G. Fujimoto, and M. E. Brezinski, “High-resolution optical coherence tomographic imaging of osteoarthritic cartilage during open knee surgery,” Arthritis Res. Ther.7(2), R318–R323 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Biomed. Opt. Express
- V. M. Kodach, J. Kalkman, D. J. Faber, and T. G. van Leeuwen, “Quantitative comparison of the OCT imaging depth at 1300 nm and 1600 nm,” Biomed. Opt. Express1(1), 176–185 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Endocrinology
- J. Aerssens, S. Boonen, G. Lowet, and J. Dequeker, “Interspecies differences in bone composition, density, and quality: potential implications for in vivo bone research,” Endocrinology139(2), 663–670 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
- J. S. Price, B. O. Oyajobi, and R. G. Russell, “The cell biology of bone growth,” Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.48(Suppl 1), S131–S149 (1994). [PubMed]
Eur. Spine J.
- E. C. Schmid, C. E. Aubin, A. Moreau, J. Sarwark, and S. Parent, “A novel fusionless vertebral physeal device inducing spinal growth modulation for the correction of spinal deformities,” Eur. Spine J.17(10), 1329–1335 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Driscoll, C.-E. Aubin, A. Moreau, Y. Wakula, J. F. Sarwark, and S. Parent, “Spinal growth modulation using a novel intravertebral epiphyseal device in an immature porcine model,” Eur. Spine J.21(1), 138–144 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging
- F. J. van der Meer, D. J. Faber, D. M. B. Sassoon, M. C. Aalders, G. Pasterkamp, and T. G. van Leeuwen, “Localized measurement of optical attenuation coefficients of atherosclerotic plaque constituents by quantitative optical coherence tomography,” IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging24(10), 1369–1376 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Biomed. Opt.
- C. Xu, J. M. Schmitt, S. G. Carlier, and R. Virmani, “Characterization of atherosclerosis plaques by measuring both backscattering and attenuation coefficients in optical coherence tomography,” J. Biomed. Opt.13(3), 034003 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. A. McLaughlin, L. Scolaro, P. Robbins, C. Saunders, S. L. Jacques, and D. D. Sampson, “Parametric imaging of cancer with optical coherence tomography,” J. Biomed. Opt.15(4), 046029 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Pan, Z. Li, T. Xie, and C. R. Chu, “Hand-held arthroscopic optical coherence tomography for in vivo high-resolution imaging of articular cartilage,” J. Biomed. Opt.8(4), 648–654 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. R. Chu, N. J. Izzo, J. J. Irrgang, M. Ferretti, and R. K. Studer, “Clinical diagnosis of potentially treatable early articular cartilage degeneration using optical coherence tomography,” J. Biomed. Opt.12(5), 051703 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.
- P. O. Newton, V. V. Upasani, C. L. Farnsworth, R. Oka, R. C. Chambers, J. Dwek, J. R. Kim, A. Perry, and A. T. Mahar, “Spinal growth modulation with use of a tether in an immature porcine model,” J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.90(12), 2695–2706 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. T. Braun, E. Akyuz, J. W. Ogilvie, and K. N. Bachus, “The efficacy and integrity of shape memory alloy staples and bone anchors with ligament tethers in the fusionless treatment of experimental scoliosis,” J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.87(9), 2038–2051 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Orthop. Res.
- S. B. Adams, P. R. Herz, D. L. Stamper, M. J. Roberts, S. Bourquin, N. A. Patel, K. Schneider, S. D. Martin, S. Shortkroff, J. G. Fujimoto, and M. E. Brezinski, “High-resolution imaging of progressive articular cartilage degeneration,” J. Orthop. Res.24(4), 708–715 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. M. Bear, A. Williams, C. T. Chu, C. H. Coyle, and C. R. Chu, “Optical coherence tomography grading correlates with MRI T2 mapping and extracellular matrix content,” J. Orthop. Res.28(4), 546–552 (2010). [PubMed]
J. Rheumatol.
- W. Drexler, D. Stamper, C. Jesser, X. Li, C. Pitris, K. Saunders, S. Martin, M. B. Lodge, J. G. Fujimoto, and M. E. Brezinski, “Correlation of collagen organization with polarization sensitive imaging of in vitro cartilage: implications for osteoarthritis,” J. Rheumatol.28(6), 1311–1318 (2001). [PubMed]
- J. M. Herrmann, C. Pitris, B. E. Bouma, S. A. Boppart, C. A. Jesser, D. L. Stamper, J. G. Fujimoto, and M. E. Brezinski, “High resolution imaging of normal and osteoarthritic cartilage with optical coherence tomography,” J. Rheumatol.26(3), 627–635 (1999). [PubMed]
Opt. Express
- U. Sharma, E. W. Chang, and S. H. Yun, “Long-wavelength optical coherence tomography at 1.7 microm for enhanced imaging depth,” Opt. Express16(24), 19712–19723 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Osteoarthritis Cartilage
- C. W. Han, C. R. Chu, N. Adachi, A. Usas, F. H. Fu, J. Huard, and Y. Pan, “Analysis of rabbit articular cartilage repair after chondrocyte implantation using optical coherence tomography,” Osteoarthritis Cartilage11(2), 111–121 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Science
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. J. Tearney, M. E. Brezinski, B. E. Bouma, S. A. Boppart, C. Pitris, J. F. Southern, and J. G. Fujimoto, “In vivo endoscopic optical biopsy with optical coherence tomography,” Science276(5321), 2037–2039 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Spine
- E. J. Wall, D. I. Bylski-Austrow, R. J. Kolata, and A. H. Crawford, “Endoscopic mechanical spinal hemiepiphysiodesis modifies spine growth,” Spine30(10), 1148–1153 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. R. Betz, A. Ranade, A. F. Samdani, R. Chafetz, L. P. DʼAndrea, J. P. Gaughan, J. Asghar, H. Grewal, and M. J. Mulcahey, “Vertebral body stapling: a fusionless treatment option for a growing child with moderate idiopathic scoliosis,” Spine35(2), 169–176 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
2012, Driscoll, Eur. Spine J.
- M. Driscoll, C.-E. Aubin, A. Moreau, Y. Wakula, J. F. Sarwark, and S. Parent, “Spinal growth modulation using a novel intravertebral epiphyseal device in an immature porcine model,” Eur. Spine J.21(1), 138–144 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. R. Betz, A. Ranade, A. F. Samdani, R. Chafetz, L. P. DʼAndrea, J. P. Gaughan, J. Asghar, H. Grewal, and M. J. Mulcahey, “Vertebral body stapling: a fusionless treatment option for a growing child with moderate idiopathic scoliosis,” Spine35(2), 169–176 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. M. Bear, A. Williams, C. T. Chu, C. H. Coyle, and C. R. Chu, “Optical coherence tomography grading correlates with MRI T2 mapping and extracellular matrix content,” J. Orthop. Res.28(4), 546–552 (2010). [PubMed]
- R. A. McLaughlin, L. Scolaro, P. Robbins, C. Saunders, S. L. Jacques, and D. D. Sampson, “Parametric imaging of cancer with optical coherence tomography,” J. Biomed. Opt.15(4), 046029 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Xu, J. M. Schmitt, S. G. Carlier, and R. Virmani, “Characterization of atherosclerosis plaques by measuring both backscattering and attenuation coefficients in optical coherence tomography,” J. Biomed. Opt.13(3), 034003 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. O. Newton, V. V. Upasani, C. L. Farnsworth, R. Oka, R. C. Chambers, J. Dwek, J. R. Kim, A. Perry, and A. T. Mahar, “Spinal growth modulation with use of a tether in an immature porcine model,” J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.90(12), 2695–2706 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. C. Schmid, C. E. Aubin, A. Moreau, J. Sarwark, and S. Parent, “A novel fusionless vertebral physeal device inducing spinal growth modulation for the correction of spinal deformities,” Eur. Spine J.17(10), 1329–1335 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. R. Chu, N. J. Izzo, J. J. Irrgang, M. Ferretti, and R. K. Studer, “Clinical diagnosis of potentially treatable early articular cartilage degeneration using optical coherence tomography,” J. Biomed. Opt.12(5), 051703 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. B. Adams, P. R. Herz, D. L. Stamper, M. J. Roberts, S. Bourquin, N. A. Patel, K. Schneider, S. D. Martin, S. Shortkroff, J. G. Fujimoto, and M. E. Brezinski, “High-resolution imaging of progressive articular cartilage degeneration,” J. Orthop. Res.24(4), 708–715 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. J. van der Meer, D. J. Faber, D. M. B. Sassoon, M. C. Aalders, G. Pasterkamp, and T. G. van Leeuwen, “Localized measurement of optical attenuation coefficients of atherosclerotic plaque constituents by quantitative optical coherence tomography,” IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging24(10), 1369–1376 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Li, S. Martin, C. Pitris, R. Ghanta, D. L. Stamper, M. Harman, J. G. Fujimoto, and M. E. Brezinski, “High-resolution optical coherence tomographic imaging of osteoarthritic cartilage during open knee surgery,” Arthritis Res. Ther.7(2), R318–R323 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. T. Braun, E. Akyuz, J. W. Ogilvie, and K. N. Bachus, “The efficacy and integrity of shape memory alloy staples and bone anchors with ligament tethers in the fusionless treatment of experimental scoliosis,” J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.87(9), 2038–2051 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. J. Wall, D. I. Bylski-Austrow, R. J. Kolata, and A. H. Crawford, “Endoscopic mechanical spinal hemiepiphysiodesis modifies spine growth,” Spine30(10), 1148–1153 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Pan, Z. Li, T. Xie, and C. R. Chu, “Hand-held arthroscopic optical coherence tomography for in vivo high-resolution imaging of articular cartilage,” J. Biomed. Opt.8(4), 648–654 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. W. Han, C. R. Chu, N. Adachi, A. Usas, F. H. Fu, J. Huard, and Y. Pan, “Analysis of rabbit articular cartilage repair after chondrocyte implantation using optical coherence tomography,” Osteoarthritis Cartilage11(2), 111–121 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Drexler, D. Stamper, C. Jesser, X. Li, C. Pitris, K. Saunders, S. Martin, M. B. Lodge, J. G. Fujimoto, and M. E. Brezinski, “Correlation of collagen organization with polarization sensitive imaging of in vitro cartilage: implications for osteoarthritis,” J. Rheumatol.28(6), 1311–1318 (2001). [PubMed]
- J. M. Herrmann, C. Pitris, B. E. Bouma, S. A. Boppart, C. A. Jesser, D. L. Stamper, J. G. Fujimoto, and M. E. Brezinski, “High resolution imaging of normal and osteoarthritic cartilage with optical coherence tomography,” J. Rheumatol.26(3), 627–635 (1999). [PubMed]
- J. Aerssens, S. Boonen, G. Lowet, and J. Dequeker, “Interspecies differences in bone composition, density, and quality: potential implications for in vivo bone research,” Endocrinology139(2), 663–670 (1998). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. J. Tearney, M. E. Brezinski, B. E. Bouma, S. A. Boppart, C. Pitris, J. F. Southern, and J. G. Fujimoto, “In vivo endoscopic optical biopsy with optical coherence tomography,” Science276(5321), 2037–2039 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. S. Price, B. O. Oyajobi, and R. G. Russell, “The cell biology of bone growth,” Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.48(Suppl 1), S131–S149 (1994). [PubMed]
- D. Huang, E. A. Swanson, C. P. Lin, J. S. Schuman, W. G. Stinson, W. Chang, M. R. Hee, T. Flotte, K. Gregory, C. A. Puliafito, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Optical coherence tomography,” Science254(5035), 1178–1181 (1991). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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