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Depth-resolved cellular microrheology using HiLo microscopyJarett Michaelson, Heejin Choi, Peter So, and Hayden Huang »View Author Affiliations
Jarett Michaelson,1
Heejin Choi,2
Peter So,2,3
and Hayden Huang1,*
1Biomedical Engineering, 351 Engineering Terrace, 500 W 120th Street, Columbia University, New York, USA 2Mechanical Engineering, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 3Biological Engineering, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA *Corresponding author: hayden.huang@columbia.edu |
Biomedical Optics Express, Vol. 3, Issue 6, pp. 1241-1255 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/BOE.3.001241
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Abstract
It is increasingly important to measure cell mechanical properties in three-dimensional environments. Particle tracking microrheology (PTM) can measure cellular viscoelastic properties; however, out-of-plane data can introduce artifacts into these measurements. We developed a technique that employs HiLo microscopy to reduce out-of-plane contributions. This method eliminated signals from 90% of probes 0.5 μm or further from the focal plane, while retaining all in-plane probes. We used this technique to characterize live-cell bilayers and found that there were significant, frequency-dependent changes to the extracted cell moduli when compared to conventional analysis. Our results indicate that removal of out-of-plane information is vital for accurate assessments of cell mechanical properties.
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(170.1530) Medical optics and biotechnology : Cell analysis
(180.0180) Microscopy : Microscopy
ToC Category:
Cell Studies
History
Original Manuscript: March 21, 2012
Revised Manuscript: April 25, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: April 29, 2012
Published: May 3, 2012
Citation
Jarett Michaelson, Heejin Choi, Peter So, and Hayden Huang, "Depth-resolved cellular microrheology using HiLo microscopy," Biomed. Opt. Express 3, 1241-1255 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-3-6-1241
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- A. D. van der Meer, Y. Li, M. H. Duits, A. A. Poot, J. Feijen, and I. Vermes, “Shear stress induces a transient and VEGFR-2-dependent decrease in the motion of injected particles in endothelial cells,” Biorheology47(3-4), 179–192 (2010). [PubMed]
- T. Eschenhagen, C. Fink, U. Remmers, H. Scholz, J. Wattchow, J. Weil, W. Zimmermann, H. H. Dohmen, H. Schäfer, N. Bishopric, T. Wakatsuki, and E. L. Elson, “Three-dimensional reconstitution of embryonic cardiomyocytes in a collagen matrix: a new heart muscle model system,” FASEB J.11(8), 683–694 (1997). [PubMed]
- S. Santos, K. K. Chu, D. Lim, N. Bozinovic, T. N. Ford, C. Hourtoule, A. C. Bartoo, S. K. Singh, and J. Mertz, “Optically sectioned fluorescence endomicroscopy with hybrid-illumination imaging through a flexible fiber bundle,” J. Biomed. Opt.14(3), 030502 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Fudge, D. Russell, D. Beriault, W. Moore, E. B. Lane, and A. W. Vogl, “The intermediate filament network in cultured human keratinocytes is remarkably extensible and resilient,” PLoS ONE3(6), e2327 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Ganz, M. Lambert, A. Saez, P. Silberzan, A. Buguin, R. M. Mège, and B. Ladoux, “Traction forces exerted through N-cadherin contacts,” Biol. Cell98(12), 721–730 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Maruthamuthu, B. Sabass, U. S. Schwarz, and M. L. Gardel, “Cell-ECM traction force modulates endogenous tension at cell-cell contacts,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.108(12), 4708–4713 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Solon, I. Levental, K. Sengupta, P. C. Georges, and P. A. Janmey, “Fibroblast adaptation and stiffness matching to soft elastic substrates,” Biophys. J.93(12), 4453–4461 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. F. Langhorst, J. Schaffer, and B. Goetze, “Structure brings clarity: structured illumination microscopy in cell biology,” Biotechnol. J.4(6), 858–865 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- V. Levi, Q. Ruan, and E. Gratton, “3-D particle tracking in a two-photon microscope: application to the study of molecular dynamics in cells,” Biophys. J.88(4), 2919–2928 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. C. Crocker and D. G. Grier, “When like charges attract: the effects of geometrical confinement on long-range colloidal interactions,” Phys. Rev. Lett.77(9), 1897–1900 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. J. Stewart-Hutchinson, C. M. Hale, D. Wirtz, and D. Hodzic, “Structural requirements for the assembly of LINC complexes and their function in cellular mechanical stiffness,” Exp. Cell Res.314(8), 1892–1905 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. M. Hale, A. L. Shrestha, S. B. Khatau, P. J. Stewart-Hutchinson, L. Hernandez, C. L. Stewart, D. Hodzic, and D. Wirtz, “Dysfunctional connections between the nucleus and the actin and microtubule networks in laminopathic models,” Biophys. J.95(11), 5462–5475 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. S. Lee, P. Panorchan, C. M. Hale, S. B. Khatau, T. P. Kole, Y. Tseng, and D. Wirtz, “Ballistic intracellular nanorheology reveals ROCK-hard cytoplasmic stiffening response to fluid flow,” J. Cell Sci.119(9), 1760–1768 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Nishida, M. Yamato, Y. Hayashida, K. Watanabe, K. Yamamoto, E. Adachi, S. Nagai, A. Kikuchi, N. Maeda, H. Watanabe, T. Okano, and Y. Tano, “Corneal reconstruction with tissue-engineered cell sheets composed of autologous oral mucosal epithelium,” N. Engl. J. Med.351(12), 1187–1196 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Shi, L. Qin, X. Zhang, K. He, C. Xiong, J. Fang, X. Fang, and Y. Zhang, “Elasticity of cardiac cells on the polymer substrates with different stiffness: an atomic force microscopy study,” Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.13(16), 7540–7545 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. M. Hale, A. L. Shrestha, S. B. Khatau, P. J. Stewart-Hutchinson, L. Hernandez, C. L. Stewart, D. Hodzic, and D. Wirtz, “Dysfunctional connections between the nucleus and the actin and microtubule networks in laminopathic models,” Biophys. J.95(11), 5462–5475 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- P. Panorchan, J. S. Lee, B. R. Daniels, T. P. Kole, Y. Tseng, and D. Wirtz, “Probing cellular mechanical responses to stimuli using ballistic intracellular nanorheology,” Methods Cell Biol.83, 113–140 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. S. Lee, P. Panorchan, C. M. Hale, S. B. Khatau, T. P. Kole, Y. Tseng, and D. Wirtz, “Ballistic intracellular nanorheology reveals ROCK-hard cytoplasmic stiffening response to fluid flow,” J. Cell Sci.119(9), 1760–1768 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. P. Kole, Y. Tseng, I. Jiang, J. L. Katz, and D. Wirtz, “Intracellular mechanics of migrating fibroblasts,” Mol. Biol. Cell16(1), 328–338 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Tseng, T. P. Kole, and D. Wirtz, “Micromechanical mapping of live cells by multiple-particle-tracking microrheology,” Biophys. J.83(6), 3162–3176 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. D. van der Meer, Y. Li, M. H. Duits, A. A. Poot, J. Feijen, and I. Vermes, “Shear stress induces a transient and VEGFR-2-dependent decrease in the motion of injected particles in endothelial cells,” Biorheology47(3-4), 179–192 (2010). [PubMed]
- H. P. Kao and A. S. Verkman, “Tracking of single fluorescent particles in three dimensions: use of cylindrical optics to encode particle position,” Biophys. J.67(3), 1291–1300 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- R. G. Wells, “The role of matrix stiffness in regulating cell behavior,” Hepatology47(4), 1394–1400 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Wirtz, “Particle-tracking microrheology of living cells: principles and applications,” Annu Rev Biophys38(1), 301–326 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. J. Stewart-Hutchinson, C. M. Hale, D. Wirtz, and D. Hodzic, “Structural requirements for the assembly of LINC complexes and their function in cellular mechanical stiffness,” Exp. Cell Res.314(8), 1892–1905 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- T. P. Kole, Y. Tseng, I. Jiang, J. L. Katz, and D. Wirtz, “Intracellular mechanics of migrating fibroblasts,” Mol. Biol. Cell16(1), 328–338 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Tseng, T. P. Kole, and D. Wirtz, “Micromechanical mapping of live cells by multiple-particle-tracking microrheology,” Biophys. J.83(6), 3162–3176 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Cao, A. Wu, and G. A. Truskey, “Biomechanical effects of flow and coculture on human aortic and cord blood-derived endothelial cells,” J. Biomech.44(11), 2150–2157 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. H. Wu, S. H. Arce, P. R. Burney, and Y. Tseng, “A novel approach to high accuracy of video-based microrheology,” Biophys. J.96(12), 5103–5111 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Shi, L. Qin, X. Zhang, K. He, C. Xiong, J. Fang, X. Fang, and Y. Zhang, “Elasticity of cardiac cells on the polymer substrates with different stiffness: an atomic force microscopy study,” Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.13(16), 7540–7545 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Nishida, M. Yamato, Y. Hayashida, K. Watanabe, K. Yamamoto, E. Adachi, S. Nagai, A. Kikuchi, N. Maeda, H. Watanabe, T. Okano, and Y. Tano, “Corneal reconstruction with tissue-engineered cell sheets composed of autologous oral mucosal epithelium,” N. Engl. J. Med.351(12), 1187–1196 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. Nishida, M. Yamato, Y. Hayashida, K. Watanabe, K. Yamamoto, E. Adachi, S. Nagai, A. Kikuchi, N. Maeda, H. Watanabe, T. Okano, and Y. Tano, “Corneal reconstruction with tissue-engineered cell sheets composed of autologous oral mucosal epithelium,” N. Engl. J. Med.351(12), 1187–1196 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- X. Shi, L. Qin, X. Zhang, K. He, C. Xiong, J. Fang, X. Fang, and Y. Zhang, “Elasticity of cardiac cells on the polymer substrates with different stiffness: an atomic force microscopy study,” Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.13(16), 7540–7545 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. Shi, L. Qin, X. Zhang, K. He, C. Xiong, J. Fang, X. Fang, and Y. Zhang, “Elasticity of cardiac cells on the polymer substrates with different stiffness: an atomic force microscopy study,” Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.13(16), 7540–7545 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Ann. Biomed. Eng.
- A. Pai, P. Sundd, and D. F. Tees, “In situ microrheological determination of neutrophil stiffening following adhesion in a model capillary,” Ann. Biomed. Eng.36(4), 596–603 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Annu Rev Biophys
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Biol. Cell
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Biomaterials
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Biophys. J.
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- J. Solon, I. Levental, K. Sengupta, P. C. Georges, and P. A. Janmey, “Fibroblast adaptation and stiffness matching to soft elastic substrates,” Biophys. J.93(12), 4453–4461 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Biorheology
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Biotechnol. J.
- M. F. Langhorst, J. Schaffer, and B. Goetze, “Structure brings clarity: structured illumination microscopy in cell biology,” Biotechnol. J.4(6), 858–865 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton
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Exp. Cell Res.
- P. J. Stewart-Hutchinson, C. M. Hale, D. Wirtz, and D. Hodzic, “Structural requirements for the assembly of LINC complexes and their function in cellular mechanical stiffness,” Exp. Cell Res.314(8), 1892–1905 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
FASEB J.
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Hepatology
- R. G. Wells, “The role of matrix stiffness in regulating cell behavior,” Hepatology47(4), 1394–1400 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
IEEE Trans. Nanobioscience
- P. Prabhat, S. Ram, E. S. Ward, and R. J. Ober, “Simultaneous imaging of different focal planes in fluorescence microscopy for the study of cellular dynamics in three dimensions,” IEEE Trans. Nanobioscience3(4), 237–242 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Appl. Physiol.
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J. Biomech.
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J. Biomech. Eng.
- D. C. Lin, E. K. Dimitriadis, and F. Horkay, “Robust strategies for automated AFM force curve analysis--I. Non-adhesive indentation of soft, inhomogeneous materials,” J. Biomech. Eng.129(3), 430–440 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Biomed. Mater. Res.
- S. L. Ishaug, G. M. Crane, M. J. Miller, A. W. Yasko, M. J. Yaszemski, and A. G. Mikos, “Bone formation by three-dimensional stromal osteoblast culture in biodegradable polymer scaffolds,” J. Biomed. Mater. Res.36(1), 17–28 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Biomed. Opt.
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- J. Mertz and J. Kim, “Scanning light-sheet microscopy in the whole mouse brain with HiLo background rejection,” J. Biomed. Opt.15(1), 016027 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Cell Sci.
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J. Clin. Invest.
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J. Neurotrauma
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Methods
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Methods Cell Biol.
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Mol. Biol. Cell
- T. P. Kole, Y. Tseng, I. Jiang, J. L. Katz, and D. Wirtz, “Intracellular mechanics of migrating fibroblasts,” Mol. Biol. Cell16(1), 328–338 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
N. Engl. J. Med.
- K. Nishida, M. Yamato, Y. Hayashida, K. Watanabe, K. Yamamoto, E. Adachi, S. Nagai, A. Kikuchi, N. Maeda, H. Watanabe, T. Okano, and Y. Tano, “Corneal reconstruction with tissue-engineered cell sheets composed of autologous oral mucosal epithelium,” N. Engl. J. Med.351(12), 1187–1196 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Express
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Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
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PLoS ONE
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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
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Rheologica Acta
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Other
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2012, DeSantis, Opt. Express
- X. Shi, L. Qin, X. Zhang, K. He, C. Xiong, J. Fang, X. Fang, and Y. Zhang, “Elasticity of cardiac cells on the polymer substrates with different stiffness: an atomic force microscopy study,” Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.13(16), 7540–7545 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Cao, A. Wu, and G. A. Truskey, “Biomechanical effects of flow and coculture on human aortic and cord blood-derived endothelial cells,” J. Biomech.44(11), 2150–2157 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- J. Mertz and J. Kim, “Scanning light-sheet microscopy in the whole mouse brain with HiLo background rejection,” J. Biomed. Opt.15(1), 016027 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- D. Wirtz, “Particle-tracking microrheology of living cells: principles and applications,” Annu Rev Biophys38(1), 301–326 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. F. Langhorst, J. Schaffer, and B. Goetze, “Structure brings clarity: structured illumination microscopy in cell biology,” Biotechnol. J.4(6), 858–865 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Santos, K. K. Chu, D. Lim, N. Bozinovic, T. N. Ford, C. Hourtoule, A. C. Bartoo, S. K. Singh, and J. Mertz, “Optically sectioned fluorescence endomicroscopy with hybrid-illumination imaging through a flexible fiber bundle,” J. Biomed. Opt.14(3), 030502 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- M. Jonas, H. Huang, R. D. Kamm, and P. T. So, “Fast fluorescence laser tracking microrheometry, II: quantitative studies of cytoskeletal mechanotransduction,” Biophys. J.95(2), 895–909 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. G. Wells, “The role of matrix stiffness in regulating cell behavior,” Hepatology47(4), 1394–1400 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. U. Azeloglu, J. Bhattacharya, and K. D. Costa, “Atomic force microscope elastography reveals phenotypic differences in alveolar cell stiffness,” J. Appl. Physiol.105(2), 652–661 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Fudge, D. Russell, D. Beriault, W. Moore, E. B. Lane, and A. W. Vogl, “The intermediate filament network in cultured human keratinocytes is remarkably extensible and resilient,” PLoS ONE3(6), e2327 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. Huang, A. Asimaki, D. Lo, W. McKenna, and J. Saffitz, “Disparate effects of different mutations in plakoglobin on cell mechanical behavior,” Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton65(12), 964–978 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. J. Stewart-Hutchinson, C. M. Hale, D. Wirtz, and D. Hodzic, “Structural requirements for the assembly of LINC complexes and their function in cellular mechanical stiffness,” Exp. Cell Res.314(8), 1892–1905 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. M. Hale, A. L. Shrestha, S. B. Khatau, P. J. Stewart-Hutchinson, L. Hernandez, C. L. Stewart, D. Hodzic, and D. Wirtz, “Dysfunctional connections between the nucleus and the actin and microtubule networks in laminopathic models,” Biophys. J.95(11), 5462–5475 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Pai, P. Sundd, and D. F. Tees, “In situ microrheological determination of neutrophil stiffening following adhesion in a model capillary,” Ann. Biomed. Eng.36(4), 596–603 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Panorchan, J. S. Lee, B. R. Daniels, T. P. Kole, Y. Tseng, and D. Wirtz, “Probing cellular mechanical responses to stimuli using ballistic intracellular nanorheology,” Methods Cell Biol.83, 113–140 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. C. Crocker and B. D. Hoffman, “Multiple-particle tracking and two-point microrheology in cells,” Methods Cell Biol.83, 141–178 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. S. Elkin, E. U. Azeloglu, K. D. Costa, and B. Morrison, “Mechanical heterogeneity of the rat hippocampus measured by atomic force microscope indentation,” J. Neurotrauma24(5), 812–822 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. C. Lin, E. K. Dimitriadis, and F. Horkay, “Robust strategies for automated AFM force curve analysis--I. Non-adhesive indentation of soft, inhomogeneous materials,” J. Biomech. Eng.129(3), 430–440 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Solon, I. Levental, K. Sengupta, P. C. Georges, and P. A. Janmey, “Fibroblast adaptation and stiffness matching to soft elastic substrates,” Biophys. J.93(12), 4453–4461 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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