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Photoacoustic emission from fluorescent nanodiamonds enhanced with gold nanoparticlesBailin Zhang, Chia-Yi Fang, Cheng-Chun Chang, Ralph Peterson, Saher Maswadi, Randolph D. Glickman, Huan-Cheng Chang, and Jing Yong Ye »View Author Affiliations
Bailin Zhang,1
Chia-Yi Fang,2
Cheng-Chun Chang,2
Ralph Peterson,1
Saher Maswadi,3
Randolph D. Glickman,3
Huan-Cheng Chang,2
and Jing Yong Ye1,*
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA 2Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan 3The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio Texas 78229, USA *Corresponding author: jingyong.ye@utsa.edu |
Biomedical Optics Express, Vol. 3, Issue 7, pp. 1662-1669 (2012)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/BOE.3.001662
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Abstract
Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) have drawn much attention in recent years for biomedical imaging applications due to their desired physical properties including excellent photostability, high biocompatibility, extended far-red fluorescence emission, and ease of surface functionalization. Here we explore a new feature of FNDs, i.e. their photoacoustic emission capability, which may lead to potential applications of using FNDs as a dual imaging contrast agent for combined fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging modalities. We observed significant enhancement of photoacoustic emission from FNDs when they were conjugated with gold nanoparticles (GNPs).
© 2012 OSA
OCIS Codes
(160.2540) Materials : Fluorescent and luminescent materials
(160.4236) Materials : Nanomaterials
ToC Category:
Nanotechnology and Plasmonics
History
Original Manuscript: April 19, 2012
Revised Manuscript: June 14, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: June 18, 2012
Published: June 20, 2012
Citation
Bailin Zhang, Chia-Yi Fang, Cheng-Chun Chang, Ralph Peterson, Saher Maswadi, Randolph D. Glickman, Huan-Cheng Chang, and Jing Yong Ye, "Photoacoustic emission from fluorescent nanodiamonds enhanced with gold nanoparticles," Biomed. Opt. Express 3, 1662-1669 (2012)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-3-7-1662
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References
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- A. M. Schrand, L. Dai, J. J. Schlager, S. M. Hussain, and E. Osawa, “Differential biocompatibility of carbon nanotubes and nanodiamonds,” Diamond Related Materials16(12), 2118–2123 (2007). [CrossRef]
- A. M. Schrand, H. J. Huang, C. Carlson, J. J. Schlager, E. Omacr Sawa, S. M. Hussain, and L. M. Dai, “Are diamond nanoparticles cytotoxic?” J. Phys. Chem. B111(1), 2–7 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- O. Faklaris, D. Garrot, V. Joshi, F. Druon, J. P. Boudou, T. Sauvage, P. Georges, P. A. Curmi, and F. Treussart, “Detection of single photoluminescent diamond nanoparticles in cells and study of the internalization pathway,” Small4(12), 2236–2239 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. Maswadi, R. D. Glickman, R. Elliot, and N. Barsalou, “Nano-Lisa for in vitro diagnostic applications,” Proc. SPIE, 7899 (2011).
- A. Conjusteau, A. Liopo, D. Tsyboulski, S. A. Ermilov, W. R. Elliott, N. Barsalou, S. M. Maswadi, R. D. Glickman, and A. A. Oraevsky, “Optoacoustic sensor for nanoparticle linked immunosorbent assay (NanoLISA),” Proc. SPIE , 7899 (2011).
- K. A. Homan, M. Souza, R. Truby, G. P. Luke, C. Green, E. Vreeland, and S. Emelianov, “Silver nanoplate contrast agents for in vivo molecular photoacoustic imaging,” ACS Nano6(1), 641–650 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. S. Chen, W. Frey, S. Kim, P. Kruizinga, K. Homan, and S. Emelianov, “Silica-coated gold nanorods as photoacoustic signal nanoamplifiers,” Nano Lett.11(2), 348–354 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Conjusteau, A. Liopo, D. Tsyboulski, S. A. Ermilov, W. R. Elliott, N. Barsalou, S. M. Maswadi, R. D. Glickman, and A. A. Oraevsky, “Optoacoustic sensor for nanoparticle linked immunosorbent assay (NanoLISA),” Proc. SPIE , 7899 (2011).
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- O. Faklaris, V. Joshi, T. Irinopoulou, P. Tauc, M. Sennour, H. Girard, C. Gesset, J. C. Arnault, A. Thorel, J. P. Boudou, P. A. Curmi, and F. Treussart, “Photoluminescent diamond nanoparticles for cell labeling: study of the uptake mechanism in mammalian cells,” ACS Nano3(12), 3955–3962 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- O. Faklaris, D. Garrot, V. Joshi, F. Druon, J. P. Boudou, T. Sauvage, P. Georges, P. A. Curmi, and F. Treussart, “Detection of single photoluminescent diamond nanoparticles in cells and study of the internalization pathway,” Small4(12), 2236–2239 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. A. Homan, M. Souza, R. Truby, G. P. Luke, C. Green, E. Vreeland, and S. Emelianov, “Silver nanoplate contrast agents for in vivo molecular photoacoustic imaging,” ACS Nano6(1), 641–650 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. R. Chang, H. Y. Lee, K. Chen, C. C. Chang, D. S. Tsai, C. C. Fu, T. S. Lim, Y. K. Tzeng, C. Y. Fang, C. C. Han, H. C. Chang, and W. Fann, “Mass production and dynamic imaging of fluorescent nanodiamonds,” Nat. Nanotechnol.3(5), 284–288 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. C. Fu, H. Y. Lee, K. Chen, T. S. Lim, H. Y. Wu, P. K. Lin, P. K. Wei, P. H. Tsao, H. C. Chang, and W. Fann, “Characterization and application of single fluorescent nanodiamonds as cellular biomarkers,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.104(3), 727–732 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Conjusteau, A. Liopo, D. Tsyboulski, S. A. Ermilov, W. R. Elliott, N. Barsalou, S. M. Maswadi, R. D. Glickman, and A. A. Oraevsky, “Optoacoustic sensor for nanoparticle linked immunosorbent assay (NanoLISA),” Proc. SPIE , 7899 (2011).
- N. Mohan, Y. K. Tzeng, L. Yang, Y. Y. Chen, Y. Y. Hui, C. Y. Fang, and H. C. Chang, “Sub-20-nm fluorescent nanodiamonds as photostable biolabels and fluorescence resonance energy transfer donors,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)22(7), 843–847 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. R. Chang, H. Y. Lee, K. Chen, C. C. Chang, D. S. Tsai, C. C. Fu, T. S. Lim, Y. K. Tzeng, C. Y. Fang, C. C. Han, H. C. Chang, and W. Fann, “Mass production and dynamic imaging of fluorescent nanodiamonds,” Nat. Nanotechnol.3(5), 284–288 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Y. Fang, V. Vaijayanthimala, C. A. Cheng, S. H. Yeh, C. F. Chang, C. L. Li, and H. C. Chang, “The exocytosis of fluorescent nanodiamond and its use as a long-term cell tracker,” Small7(23), 3363–3370 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. Leblond, S. C. Davis, P. A. Valdés, and B. W. Pogue, “Pre-clinical whole-body fluorescence imaging: Review of instruments, methods and applications,” J. Photochem. Photobiol. B98(1), 77–94 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Pini, R. Salimbeni, M. Vannini, and G. Toci, “Probe-beam deflection diagnostics of shock-waves generated during laser drilling,” Appl. Phys. B61(5), 505–510 (1995). [CrossRef]
- K. A. Homan, M. Souza, R. Truby, G. P. Luke, C. Green, E. Vreeland, and S. Emelianov, “Silver nanoplate contrast agents for in vivo molecular photoacoustic imaging,” ACS Nano6(1), 641–650 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Kim, E. C. Cho, J. Y. Chen, K. H. Song, L. Au, C. Favazza, Q. A. Zhang, C. M. Cobley, F. Gao, Y. N. Xia, and L. V. Wang, “In vivo molecular photoacoustic tomography of melanomas targeted by bioconjugated gold nanocages,” ACS Nano4(8), 4559–4564 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. V. Wang, “Multiscale photoacoustic microscopy and computed tomography,” Nat. Photonics3(9), 503–509 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. F. Zhang, K. Maslov, G. Stoica, and L. V. Wang, “Functional photoacoustic microscopy for high-resolution and noninvasive in vivo imaging,” Nat. Biotechnol.24(7), 848–851 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. L. Wee, Y. W. Mau, C. Y. Fang, H. L. Hsu, C. C. Han, and H. C. Chang, “Preparation and characterization of green fluorescent nanodiamonds for biological applications,” Diamond Related Materials18(2-3), 567–573 (2009). [CrossRef]
- C. C. Fu, H. Y. Lee, K. Chen, T. S. Lim, H. Y. Wu, P. K. Lin, P. K. Wei, P. H. Tsao, H. C. Chang, and W. Fann, “Characterization and application of single fluorescent nanodiamonds as cellular biomarkers,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.104(3), 727–732 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. C. Fu, H. Y. Lee, K. Chen, T. S. Lim, H. Y. Wu, P. K. Lin, P. K. Wei, P. H. Tsao, H. C. Chang, and W. Fann, “Characterization and application of single fluorescent nanodiamonds as cellular biomarkers,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.104(3), 727–732 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. T. B. Nguyen, H. C. Chang, and V. W. K. Wu, “Adsorption and hydrolytic activity of lysozyme on diamond nanocrystallites,” Diamond Related Materials16(4-7), 872–876 (2007). [CrossRef]
- N. Mohan, C. S. Chen, H. H. Hsieh, Y. C. Wu, and H. C. Chang, “In vivo imaging and toxicity assessments of fluorescent nanodiamonds in Caenorhabditis elegans,” Nano Lett.10(9), 3692–3699 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Kim, E. C. Cho, J. Y. Chen, K. H. Song, L. Au, C. Favazza, Q. A. Zhang, C. M. Cobley, F. Gao, Y. N. Xia, and L. V. Wang, “In vivo molecular photoacoustic tomography of melanomas targeted by bioconjugated gold nanocages,” ACS Nano4(8), 4559–4564 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Mohan, Y. K. Tzeng, L. Yang, Y. Y. Chen, Y. Y. Hui, C. Y. Fang, and H. C. Chang, “Sub-20-nm fluorescent nanodiamonds as photostable biolabels and fluorescence resonance energy transfer donors,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)22(7), 843–847 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Y. Fang, V. Vaijayanthimala, C. A. Cheng, S. H. Yeh, C. F. Chang, C. L. Li, and H. C. Chang, “The exocytosis of fluorescent nanodiamond and its use as a long-term cell tracker,” Small7(23), 3363–3370 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. J. Yu, M. W. Kang, H. C. Chang, K. M. Chen, and Y. C. Yu, “Bright fluorescent nanodiamonds: no photobleaching and low cytotoxicity,” J. Am. Chem. Soc.127(50), 17604–17605 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. J. Yu, M. W. Kang, H. C. Chang, K. M. Chen, and Y. C. Yu, “Bright fluorescent nanodiamonds: no photobleaching and low cytotoxicity,” J. Am. Chem. Soc.127(50), 17604–17605 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. L. Zhang, Y. Q. Li, C. Y. Fang, C. C. Chang, C. S. Chen, Y. Y. Chen, and H. C. Chang, “Receptor-mediated cellular uptake of folate-conjugated fluorescent nanodiamonds: a combined ensemble and single-particle study,” Small5(23), 2716–2721 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. F. Zhang, K. Maslov, G. Stoica, and L. V. Wang, “Functional photoacoustic microscopy for high-resolution and noninvasive in vivo imaging,” Nat. Biotechnol.24(7), 848–851 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Kim, E. C. Cho, J. Y. Chen, K. H. Song, L. Au, C. Favazza, Q. A. Zhang, C. M. Cobley, F. Gao, Y. N. Xia, and L. V. Wang, “In vivo molecular photoacoustic tomography of melanomas targeted by bioconjugated gold nanocages,” ACS Nano4(8), 4559–4564 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. W. Kim, E. I. Galanzha, E. V. Shashkov, H. M. Moon, and V. P. Zharov, “Golden carbon nanotubes as multimodal photoacoustic and photothermal high-contrast molecular agents,” Nat. Nanotechnol.4(10), 688–694 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. V. Shashkov, M. Everts, E. I. Galanzha, and V. P. Zharov, “Quantum dots as multimodal photoacoustic and photothermal contrast agents,” Nano Lett.8(11), 3953–3958 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
ACS Nano
- O. Faklaris, V. Joshi, T. Irinopoulou, P. Tauc, M. Sennour, H. Girard, C. Gesset, J. C. Arnault, A. Thorel, J. P. Boudou, P. A. Curmi, and F. Treussart, “Photoluminescent diamond nanoparticles for cell labeling: study of the uptake mechanism in mammalian cells,” ACS Nano3(12), 3955–3962 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K. A. Homan, M. Souza, R. Truby, G. P. Luke, C. Green, E. Vreeland, and S. Emelianov, “Silver nanoplate contrast agents for in vivo molecular photoacoustic imaging,” ACS Nano6(1), 641–650 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Kim, E. C. Cho, J. Y. Chen, K. H. Song, L. Au, C. Favazza, Q. A. Zhang, C. M. Cobley, F. Gao, Y. N. Xia, and L. V. Wang, “In vivo molecular photoacoustic tomography of melanomas targeted by bioconjugated gold nanocages,” ACS Nano4(8), 4559–4564 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)
- N. Mohan, Y. K. Tzeng, L. Yang, Y. Y. Chen, Y. Y. Hui, C. Y. Fang, and H. C. Chang, “Sub-20-nm fluorescent nanodiamonds as photostable biolabels and fluorescence resonance energy transfer donors,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)22(7), 843–847 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Anal. Chem.
- X. L. Kong, L. C. L. Huang, C. M. Hsu, W. H. Chen, C. C. Han, and H. C. Chang, “High-affinity capture of proteins by diamond nanoparticles for mass spectrometric analysis,” Anal. Chem.77(1), 259–265 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Appl. Phys. B
- R. Pini, R. Salimbeni, M. Vannini, and G. Toci, “Probe-beam deflection diagnostics of shock-waves generated during laser drilling,” Appl. Phys. B61(5), 505–510 (1995). [CrossRef]
Biomed. Opt. Express
- J. L. Su, R. R. Bouchard, A. B. Karpiouk, J. D. Hazle, and S. Y. Emelianov, “Photoacoustic imaging of prostate brachytherapy seeds,” Biomed. Opt. Express2(8), 2243–2254 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Diamond Related Materials
- A. M. Schrand, L. Dai, J. J. Schlager, S. M. Hussain, and E. Osawa, “Differential biocompatibility of carbon nanotubes and nanodiamonds,” Diamond Related Materials16(12), 2118–2123 (2007). [CrossRef]
- T. T. B. Nguyen, H. C. Chang, and V. W. K. Wu, “Adsorption and hydrolytic activity of lysozyme on diamond nanocrystallites,” Diamond Related Materials16(4-7), 872–876 (2007). [CrossRef]
- T. L. Wee, Y. W. Mau, C. Y. Fang, H. L. Hsu, C. C. Han, and H. C. Chang, “Preparation and characterization of green fluorescent nanodiamonds for biological applications,” Diamond Related Materials18(2-3), 567–573 (2009). [CrossRef]
J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
- B. Sullivan and A. C. Tam, “Profile of laser-produced acoustic pulse in a liquid,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am.75(2), 437–441 (1984). [CrossRef]
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
- S. J. Yu, M. W. Kang, H. C. Chang, K. M. Chen, and Y. C. Yu, “Bright fluorescent nanodiamonds: no photobleaching and low cytotoxicity,” J. Am. Chem. Soc.127(50), 17604–17605 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Photochem. Photobiol. B
- F. Leblond, S. C. Davis, P. A. Valdés, and B. W. Pogue, “Pre-clinical whole-body fluorescence imaging: Review of instruments, methods and applications,” J. Photochem. Photobiol. B98(1), 77–94 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Phys. Chem. B
- A. M. Schrand, H. J. Huang, C. Carlson, J. J. Schlager, E. Omacr Sawa, S. M. Hussain, and L. M. Dai, “Are diamond nanoparticles cytotoxic?” J. Phys. Chem. B111(1), 2–7 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Langmuir
- L. C. L. Huang and H. C. Chang, “Adsorption and immobilization of cytochrome c on nanodiamonds,” Langmuir20(14), 5879–5884 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nano Lett.
- E. V. Shashkov, M. Everts, E. I. Galanzha, and V. P. Zharov, “Quantum dots as multimodal photoacoustic and photothermal contrast agents,” Nano Lett.8(11), 3953–3958 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. S. Chen, W. Frey, S. Kim, P. Kruizinga, K. Homan, and S. Emelianov, “Silica-coated gold nanorods as photoacoustic signal nanoamplifiers,” Nano Lett.11(2), 348–354 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Mohan, C. S. Chen, H. H. Hsieh, Y. C. Wu, and H. C. Chang, “In vivo imaging and toxicity assessments of fluorescent nanodiamonds in Caenorhabditis elegans,” Nano Lett.10(9), 3692–3699 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nat. Biotechnol.
- H. F. Zhang, K. Maslov, G. Stoica, and L. V. Wang, “Functional photoacoustic microscopy for high-resolution and noninvasive in vivo imaging,” Nat. Biotechnol.24(7), 848–851 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nat. Nanotechnol.
- J. W. Kim, E. I. Galanzha, E. V. Shashkov, H. M. Moon, and V. P. Zharov, “Golden carbon nanotubes as multimodal photoacoustic and photothermal high-contrast molecular agents,” Nat. Nanotechnol.4(10), 688–694 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. R. Chang, H. Y. Lee, K. Chen, C. C. Chang, D. S. Tsai, C. C. Fu, T. S. Lim, Y. K. Tzeng, C. Y. Fang, C. C. Han, H. C. Chang, and W. Fann, “Mass production and dynamic imaging of fluorescent nanodiamonds,” Nat. Nanotechnol.3(5), 284–288 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nat. Photonics
- L. V. Wang, “Multiscale photoacoustic microscopy and computed tomography,” Nat. Photonics3(9), 503–509 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Express
- Y. Y. Hui, B. Zhang, Y. C. Chang, C. C. Chang, H. C. Chang, J. H. Hsu, K. Chang, and F. H. Chang, “Two-photon fluorescence correlation spectroscopy of lipid-encapsulated fluorescent nanodiamonds in living cells,” Opt. Express18(6), 5896–5905 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter
- Y. Mita, “Change of absorption spectra in type-Ib diamond with heavy neutron irradiation,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter53(17), 11360–11364 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
- C. C. Fu, H. Y. Lee, K. Chen, T. S. Lim, H. Y. Wu, P. K. Lin, P. K. Wei, P. H. Tsao, H. C. Chang, and W. Fann, “Characterization and application of single fluorescent nanodiamonds as cellular biomarkers,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.104(3), 727–732 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Small
- C. Y. Fang, V. Vaijayanthimala, C. A. Cheng, S. H. Yeh, C. F. Chang, C. L. Li, and H. C. Chang, “The exocytosis of fluorescent nanodiamond and its use as a long-term cell tracker,” Small7(23), 3363–3370 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- O. Faklaris, D. Garrot, V. Joshi, F. Druon, J. P. Boudou, T. Sauvage, P. Georges, P. A. Curmi, and F. Treussart, “Detection of single photoluminescent diamond nanoparticles in cells and study of the internalization pathway,” Small4(12), 2236–2239 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. L. Zhang, Y. Q. Li, C. Y. Fang, C. C. Chang, C. S. Chen, Y. Y. Chen, and H. C. Chang, “Receptor-mediated cellular uptake of folate-conjugated fluorescent nanodiamonds: a combined ensemble and single-particle study,” Small5(23), 2716–2721 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Other
- K. M. Stantz, “Imaging hypoxia using 3D photoacoustic spectroscopy,” Photons Plus Ultrasound, Imaging and Sensing 2010, 7564 (2010).
- L. V. Wang, M. L. Li, H. F. Zhang, K. Maslov, and G. Stoica, “High-resolution photoacoustic tomography in vivo,” IEEE, ISBI, 1204–1207 (2006).
- S. Maswadi, R. D. Glickman, R. Elliot, and N. Barsalou, “Nano-Lisa for in vitro diagnostic applications,” Proc. SPIE, 7899 (2011).
- A. Conjusteau, A. Liopo, D. Tsyboulski, S. A. Ermilov, W. R. Elliott, N. Barsalou, S. M. Maswadi, R. D. Glickman, and A. A. Oraevsky, “Optoacoustic sensor for nanoparticle linked immunosorbent assay (NanoLISA),” Proc. SPIE , 7899 (2011).
- Y. Yamaoka and T. Takamatsu, “Enhancement of multiphoton excitation-induced photoacoustic signals by using gold nanoparticles surrounded by fluorescent dyes,” Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Ins. 7177(2009).
- A. Conjusteau, S. Maswadi, S. Ermilov, H. P. Brecht, N. Barsalou, R. D. Glickman, and A. A. Oraevsky, “Detection of gold-nanorod targeted pathogens using optical and piezoelectric optoacoustic sensors: Comparative study,” Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Ins. 7177(2009).
2012, Homan, ACS Nano
- K. A. Homan, M. Souza, R. Truby, G. P. Luke, C. Green, E. Vreeland, and S. Emelianov, “Silver nanoplate contrast agents for in vivo molecular photoacoustic imaging,” ACS Nano6(1), 641–650 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Y. Fang, V. Vaijayanthimala, C. A. Cheng, S. H. Yeh, C. F. Chang, C. L. Li, and H. C. Chang, “The exocytosis of fluorescent nanodiamond and its use as a long-term cell tracker,” Small7(23), 3363–3370 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. S. Chen, W. Frey, S. Kim, P. Kruizinga, K. Homan, and S. Emelianov, “Silica-coated gold nanorods as photoacoustic signal nanoamplifiers,” Nano Lett.11(2), 348–354 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- F. Leblond, S. C. Davis, P. A. Valdés, and B. W. Pogue, “Pre-clinical whole-body fluorescence imaging: Review of instruments, methods and applications,” J. Photochem. Photobiol. B98(1), 77–94 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Mohan, C. S. Chen, H. H. Hsieh, Y. C. Wu, and H. C. Chang, “In vivo imaging and toxicity assessments of fluorescent nanodiamonds in Caenorhabditis elegans,” Nano Lett.10(9), 3692–3699 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- C. Kim, E. C. Cho, J. Y. Chen, K. H. Song, L. Au, C. Favazza, Q. A. Zhang, C. M. Cobley, F. Gao, Y. N. Xia, and L. V. Wang, “In vivo molecular photoacoustic tomography of melanomas targeted by bioconjugated gold nanocages,” ACS Nano4(8), 4559–4564 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. Mohan, Y. K. Tzeng, L. Yang, Y. Y. Chen, Y. Y. Hui, C. Y. Fang, and H. C. Chang, “Sub-20-nm fluorescent nanodiamonds as photostable biolabels and fluorescence resonance energy transfer donors,” Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.)22(7), 843–847 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. V. Wang, “Multiscale photoacoustic microscopy and computed tomography,” Nat. Photonics3(9), 503–509 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. W. Kim, E. I. Galanzha, E. V. Shashkov, H. M. Moon, and V. P. Zharov, “Golden carbon nanotubes as multimodal photoacoustic and photothermal high-contrast molecular agents,” Nat. Nanotechnol.4(10), 688–694 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. L. Wee, Y. W. Mau, C. Y. Fang, H. L. Hsu, C. C. Han, and H. C. Chang, “Preparation and characterization of green fluorescent nanodiamonds for biological applications,” Diamond Related Materials18(2-3), 567–573 (2009). [CrossRef]
- O. Faklaris, V. Joshi, T. Irinopoulou, P. Tauc, M. Sennour, H. Girard, C. Gesset, J. C. Arnault, A. Thorel, J. P. Boudou, P. A. Curmi, and F. Treussart, “Photoluminescent diamond nanoparticles for cell labeling: study of the uptake mechanism in mammalian cells,” ACS Nano3(12), 3955–3962 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. L. Zhang, Y. Q. Li, C. Y. Fang, C. C. Chang, C. S. Chen, Y. Y. Chen, and H. C. Chang, “Receptor-mediated cellular uptake of folate-conjugated fluorescent nanodiamonds: a combined ensemble and single-particle study,” Small5(23), 2716–2721 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- O. Faklaris, D. Garrot, V. Joshi, F. Druon, J. P. Boudou, T. Sauvage, P. Georges, P. A. Curmi, and F. Treussart, “Detection of single photoluminescent diamond nanoparticles in cells and study of the internalization pathway,” Small4(12), 2236–2239 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. R. Chang, H. Y. Lee, K. Chen, C. C. Chang, D. S. Tsai, C. C. Fu, T. S. Lim, Y. K. Tzeng, C. Y. Fang, C. C. Han, H. C. Chang, and W. Fann, “Mass production and dynamic imaging of fluorescent nanodiamonds,” Nat. Nanotechnol.3(5), 284–288 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. V. Shashkov, M. Everts, E. I. Galanzha, and V. P. Zharov, “Quantum dots as multimodal photoacoustic and photothermal contrast agents,” Nano Lett.8(11), 3953–3958 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. T. B. Nguyen, H. C. Chang, and V. W. K. Wu, “Adsorption and hydrolytic activity of lysozyme on diamond nanocrystallites,” Diamond Related Materials16(4-7), 872–876 (2007). [CrossRef]
- C. C. Fu, H. Y. Lee, K. Chen, T. S. Lim, H. Y. Wu, P. K. Lin, P. K. Wei, P. H. Tsao, H. C. Chang, and W. Fann, “Characterization and application of single fluorescent nanodiamonds as cellular biomarkers,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.104(3), 727–732 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. M. Schrand, L. Dai, J. J. Schlager, S. M. Hussain, and E. Osawa, “Differential biocompatibility of carbon nanotubes and nanodiamonds,” Diamond Related Materials16(12), 2118–2123 (2007). [CrossRef]
- A. M. Schrand, H. J. Huang, C. Carlson, J. J. Schlager, E. Omacr Sawa, S. M. Hussain, and L. M. Dai, “Are diamond nanoparticles cytotoxic?” J. Phys. Chem. B111(1), 2–7 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- H. F. Zhang, K. Maslov, G. Stoica, and L. V. Wang, “Functional photoacoustic microscopy for high-resolution and noninvasive in vivo imaging,” Nat. Biotechnol.24(7), 848–851 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. J. Yu, M. W. Kang, H. C. Chang, K. M. Chen, and Y. C. Yu, “Bright fluorescent nanodiamonds: no photobleaching and low cytotoxicity,” J. Am. Chem. Soc.127(50), 17604–17605 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- X. L. Kong, L. C. L. Huang, C. M. Hsu, W. H. Chen, C. C. Han, and H. C. Chang, “High-affinity capture of proteins by diamond nanoparticles for mass spectrometric analysis,” Anal. Chem.77(1), 259–265 (2005). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. C. L. Huang and H. C. Chang, “Adsorption and immobilization of cytochrome c on nanodiamonds,” Langmuir20(14), 5879–5884 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Mita, “Change of absorption spectra in type-Ib diamond with heavy neutron irradiation,” Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter53(17), 11360–11364 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. Pini, R. Salimbeni, M. Vannini, and G. Toci, “Probe-beam deflection diagnostics of shock-waves generated during laser drilling,” Appl. Phys. B61(5), 505–510 (1995). [CrossRef]
- B. Sullivan and A. C. Tam, “Profile of laser-produced acoustic pulse in a liquid,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am.75(2), 437–441 (1984). [CrossRef]
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