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Achromatized endomicroscope objective for optical biopsyMatthew Kyrish and Tomasz S. Tkaczyk »View Author Affiliations
Matthew Kyrish1
and Tomasz S. Tkaczyk1,2,*
1Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005, USA 2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005, USA *Corresponding author: ttkaczyk@rice.edu |
Biomedical Optics Express, Vol. 4, Issue 2, pp. 287-297 (2013)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/BOE.4.000287
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Abstract
Currently, researchers and clinicians lack achromatized endomicroscope objectives that are as narrow as biopsy needles. We present a proof-of-concept prototype that validates the optical design of an NA0.4 objective. The objective, built with plastic lenses, has a 0.9 mm clear aperture and is achromatized from 452 nm to 623 nm. The objective’s measured Strehl ratio is 0.74 ± 0.05 across a 250 μm FOV. We perform optical sectioning via structured illumination through the objective while capturing fluorescence images of breast carcinoma cells stained with proflavine and cresyl violet. This technology has the potential to improve optical biopsies and provide the next step forward in cancer diagnostics.
© 2013 OSA
OCIS Codes
(080.3620) Geometric optics : Lens system design
(170.2520) Medical optics and biotechnology : Fluorescence microscopy
(170.3880) Medical optics and biotechnology : Medical and biological imaging
(220.0220) Optical design and fabrication : Optical design and fabrication
(220.1920) Optical design and fabrication : Diamond machining
ToC Category:
Endoscopes, Catheters and Micro-Optics
History
Original Manuscript: November 13, 2012
Revised Manuscript: January 9, 2013
Manuscript Accepted: January 18, 2013
Published: January 18, 2013
Citation
Matthew Kyrish and Tomasz S. Tkaczyk, "Achromatized endomicroscope objective for optical biopsy," Biomed. Opt. Express 4, 287-297 (2013)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-4-2-287
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- W. Göbel, D. Brucker, Y. Kienast, A. Johansson, G. Kniebühler, A. Rühm, S. Eigenbrod, S. Fischer, M. Goetz, F.-W. Kreth, A. Ehrhardt, H. Stepp, K.-M. Irion, and J. Herms, “Optical needle endoscope for safe and precise stereotactically guided biopsy sampling in neurosurgery,” Opt. Express20(24), 26117–26126 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- W. Göbel, D. Brucker, Y. Kienast, A. Johansson, G. Kniebühler, A. Rühm, S. Eigenbrod, S. Fischer, M. Goetz, F.-W. Kreth, A. Ehrhardt, H. Stepp, K.-M. Irion, and J. Herms, “Optical needle endoscope for safe and precise stereotactically guided biopsy sampling in neurosurgery,” Opt. Express20(24), 26117–26126 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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- L. Mariuzzi, A. Mombello, G. Granchelli, V. Rucco, E. Tarocco, D. Frank, J. Davis, D. Thompson, H. Bartels, G. M. Mariuzzi, and P. H. Bartels, “Quantitative study of breast cancer progression: different pathways for various in situ cancers,” Mod. Pathol.15(1), 18–25 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. S. Tkaczyk, J. D. Rogers, M. Rahman, T. C. Christenson, S. Gaalema, E. L. Dereniak, R. Richards-Kortum, and M. R. Descour, “Multi-modal miniature microscope: 4M Device for bio-imaging applications - an overview of the system,” Proc. SPIE5959, 59590N, 59590N-9 (2005). [CrossRef]
- D. S. Gareau, “Feasibility of digitally stained multimodal confocal mosaics to simulate histopathology,” J. Biomed. Opt.14(3), 034050 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Osdoit, M. Genet, A. Perchant, S. Loiseau, B. Abrat, and F. Lacombe, “In vivo fibered confocal reflectance imaging: totally non-invasive morphological cellular imaging brought to the endoscopist,” Proc. SPIE6082, 608208, 608208-10 (2006). [CrossRef]
- E. Laemmel, M. Genet, G. Le Goualher, A. Perchant, J.-F. Le Gargasson, and E. Vicaut, “Fibered confocal fluorescence microscopy (Cell-viZio) facilitates extended imaging in the field of microcirculation. A comparison with intravital microscopy,” J. Vasc. Res.41(5), 400–411 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Göbel, D. Brucker, Y. Kienast, A. Johansson, G. Kniebühler, A. Rühm, S. Eigenbrod, S. Fischer, M. Goetz, F.-W. Kreth, A. Ehrhardt, H. Stepp, K.-M. Irion, and J. Herms, “Optical needle endoscope for safe and precise stereotactically guided biopsy sampling in neurosurgery,” Opt. Express20(24), 26117–26126 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Göbel, D. Brucker, Y. Kienast, A. Johansson, G. Kniebühler, A. Rühm, S. Eigenbrod, S. Fischer, M. Goetz, F.-W. Kreth, A. Ehrhardt, H. Stepp, K.-M. Irion, and J. Herms, “Optical needle endoscope for safe and precise stereotactically guided biopsy sampling in neurosurgery,” Opt. Express20(24), 26117–26126 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Mariuzzi, A. Mombello, G. Granchelli, V. Rucco, E. Tarocco, D. Frank, J. Davis, D. Thompson, H. Bartels, G. M. Mariuzzi, and P. H. Bartels, “Quantitative study of breast cancer progression: different pathways for various in situ cancers,” Mod. Pathol.15(1), 18–25 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. McCall, M. Pierce, E. A. Graviss, R. Richards-Kortum, and T. Tkaczyk, “Toward a low-cost compact array microscopy platform for detection of tuberculosis,” Tuberculosis (Edinb.)91(Suppl 1), S54–S60 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. R. Tumlinson, B. Povazay, L. P. Hariri, J. McNally, A. Unterhuber, B. Hermann, H. Sattmann, W. Drexler, and J. K. Barton, “In vivo ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography of mouse colon with an achromatized endoscope,” J. Biomed. Opt.11(6), 064003 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Muldoon, N. Thekkek, D. Roblyer, D. Maru, N. Harpaz, J. Potack, S. Anandasabapathy, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Evaluation of quantitative image analysis criteria for the high-resolution microendoscopic detection of neoplasia in Barrett’s esophagus,” J. Biomed. Opt.15(2), 026027 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Bini, J. Spain, K. Nehal, V. Hazelwood, C. DiMarzio, and M. Rajadhyaksha, “Confocal mosaicing microscopy of human skin ex vivo: spectral analysis for digital staining to simulate histology-like appearance,” J. Biomed. Opt.16(7), 076008 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. R. Tumlinson, B. Povazay, L. P. Hariri, J. McNally, A. Unterhuber, B. Hermann, H. Sattmann, W. Drexler, and J. K. Barton, “In vivo ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography of mouse colon with an achromatized endoscope,” J. Biomed. Opt.11(6), 064003 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Göbel, D. Brucker, Y. Kienast, A. Johansson, G. Kniebühler, A. Rühm, S. Eigenbrod, S. Fischer, M. Goetz, F.-W. Kreth, A. Ehrhardt, H. Stepp, K.-M. Irion, and J. Herms, “Optical needle endoscope for safe and precise stereotactically guided biopsy sampling in neurosurgery,” Opt. Express20(24), 26117–26126 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Wang, B. V. Hunter, M. J. Cobb, and X. Li, “Super-achromatic rapid scanning microendoscope for ultrahigh-resolution OCT imaging,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.13(6), 1596–1601 (2007). [CrossRef]
- W. Göbel, D. Brucker, Y. Kienast, A. Johansson, G. Kniebühler, A. Rühm, S. Eigenbrod, S. Fischer, M. Goetz, F.-W. Kreth, A. Ehrhardt, H. Stepp, K.-M. Irion, and J. Herms, “Optical needle endoscope for safe and precise stereotactically guided biopsy sampling in neurosurgery,” Opt. Express20(24), 26117–26126 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Göbel, D. Brucker, Y. Kienast, A. Johansson, G. Kniebühler, A. Rühm, S. Eigenbrod, S. Fischer, M. Goetz, F.-W. Kreth, A. Ehrhardt, H. Stepp, K.-M. Irion, and J. Herms, “Optical needle endoscope for safe and precise stereotactically guided biopsy sampling in neurosurgery,” Opt. Express20(24), 26117–26126 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Cui, E. A. Koop, P. J. van Diest, R. A. Kandel, and T. E. Rohan, “Nuclear morphometric features in benign breast tissue and risk of subsequent breast cancer,” Breast Cancer Res. Treat.104(1), 103–107 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. M. Landau, C. Liang, R. T. Kester, T. S. Tkaczyk, and M. R. Descour, “Design and evaluation of an ultra-slim objective for in-vivo deep optical biopsy,” Opt. Express18(5), 4758–4775 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. T. Kester, T. Christenson, R. R. Kortum, and T. S. Tkaczyk, “Low cost, high performance, self-aligning miniature optical systems,” Appl. Opt.48(18), 3375–3384 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Göbel, D. Brucker, Y. Kienast, A. Johansson, G. Kniebühler, A. Rühm, S. Eigenbrod, S. Fischer, M. Goetz, F.-W. Kreth, A. Ehrhardt, H. Stepp, K.-M. Irion, and J. Herms, “Optical needle endoscope for safe and precise stereotactically guided biopsy sampling in neurosurgery,” Opt. Express20(24), 26117–26126 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Kim, M. Puoris’haag, D. Côté, C. P. Lin, and S. H. Yun, “In vivo confocal and multiphoton microendoscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt.13(1), 010501 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Göbel, D. Brucker, Y. Kienast, A. Johansson, G. Kniebühler, A. Rühm, S. Eigenbrod, S. Fischer, M. Goetz, F.-W. Kreth, A. Ehrhardt, H. Stepp, K.-M. Irion, and J. Herms, “Optical needle endoscope for safe and precise stereotactically guided biopsy sampling in neurosurgery,” Opt. Express20(24), 26117–26126 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Cui, E. A. Koop, P. J. van Diest, R. A. Kandel, and T. E. Rohan, “Nuclear morphometric features in benign breast tissue and risk of subsequent breast cancer,” Breast Cancer Res. Treat.104(1), 103–107 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Göbel, D. Brucker, Y. Kienast, A. Johansson, G. Kniebühler, A. Rühm, S. Eigenbrod, S. Fischer, M. Goetz, F.-W. Kreth, A. Ehrhardt, H. Stepp, K.-M. Irion, and J. Herms, “Optical needle endoscope for safe and precise stereotactically guided biopsy sampling in neurosurgery,” Opt. Express20(24), 26117–26126 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Osdoit, M. Genet, A. Perchant, S. Loiseau, B. Abrat, and F. Lacombe, “In vivo fibered confocal reflectance imaging: totally non-invasive morphological cellular imaging brought to the endoscopist,” Proc. SPIE6082, 608208, 608208-10 (2006). [CrossRef]
- E. Laemmel, M. Genet, G. Le Goualher, A. Perchant, J.-F. Le Gargasson, and E. Vicaut, “Fibered confocal fluorescence microscopy (Cell-viZio) facilitates extended imaging in the field of microcirculation. A comparison with intravital microscopy,” J. Vasc. Res.41(5), 400–411 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Laemmel, M. Genet, G. Le Goualher, A. Perchant, J.-F. Le Gargasson, and E. Vicaut, “Fibered confocal fluorescence microscopy (Cell-viZio) facilitates extended imaging in the field of microcirculation. A comparison with intravital microscopy,” J. Vasc. Res.41(5), 400–411 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Laemmel, M. Genet, G. Le Goualher, A. Perchant, J.-F. Le Gargasson, and E. Vicaut, “Fibered confocal fluorescence microscopy (Cell-viZio) facilitates extended imaging in the field of microcirculation. A comparison with intravital microscopy,” J. Vasc. Res.41(5), 400–411 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. H. Chia and M. J. Levene, “Microprisms for in vivo multilayer cortical imaging,” J. Neurophysiol.102(2), 1310–1314 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Wu and X. Li, “Combined influences of chromatic aberration and scattering in depth-resolved two-photon fluorescence endospectroscopy,” Biomed. Opt. Express1(4), 1234–1243 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Wang, B. V. Hunter, M. J. Cobb, and X. Li, “Super-achromatic rapid scanning microendoscope for ultrahigh-resolution OCT imaging,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.13(6), 1596–1601 (2007). [CrossRef]
- M. T. Myaing, D. J. MacDonald, and X. Li, “Fiber-optic scanning two-photon fluorescence endoscope,” Opt. Lett.31(8), 1076–1078 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. M. Landau, C. Liang, R. T. Kester, T. S. Tkaczyk, and M. R. Descour, “Design and evaluation of an ultra-slim objective for in-vivo deep optical biopsy,” Opt. Express18(5), 4758–4775 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K.-B. Sung, C. Liang, M. Descour, T. Collier, M. Follen, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Fiber-optic confocal reflectance microscope with miniature objective for in vivo imaging of human tissues,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.49(10), 1168–1172 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Kim, M. Puoris’haag, D. Côté, C. P. Lin, and S. H. Yun, “In vivo confocal and multiphoton microendoscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt.13(1), 010501 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Osdoit, M. Genet, A. Perchant, S. Loiseau, B. Abrat, and F. Lacombe, “In vivo fibered confocal reflectance imaging: totally non-invasive morphological cellular imaging brought to the endoscopist,” Proc. SPIE6082, 608208, 608208-10 (2006). [CrossRef]
- L. Mariuzzi, A. Mombello, G. Granchelli, V. Rucco, E. Tarocco, D. Frank, J. Davis, D. Thompson, H. Bartels, G. M. Mariuzzi, and P. H. Bartels, “Quantitative study of breast cancer progression: different pathways for various in situ cancers,” Mod. Pathol.15(1), 18–25 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Mariuzzi, A. Mombello, G. Granchelli, V. Rucco, E. Tarocco, D. Frank, J. Davis, D. Thompson, H. Bartels, G. M. Mariuzzi, and P. H. Bartels, “Quantitative study of breast cancer progression: different pathways for various in situ cancers,” Mod. Pathol.15(1), 18–25 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Muldoon, N. Thekkek, D. Roblyer, D. Maru, N. Harpaz, J. Potack, S. Anandasabapathy, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Evaluation of quantitative image analysis criteria for the high-resolution microendoscopic detection of neoplasia in Barrett’s esophagus,” J. Biomed. Opt.15(2), 026027 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Muldoon, S. Anandasabapathy, D. Maru, and R. Richards-Kortum, “High-resolution imaging in Barrett’s esophagus: a novel, low-cost endoscopic microscope,” Gastrointest. Endosc.68(4), 737–744 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. McCall, M. Pierce, E. A. Graviss, R. Richards-Kortum, and T. Tkaczyk, “Toward a low-cost compact array microscopy platform for detection of tuberculosis,” Tuberculosis (Edinb.)91(Suppl 1), S54–S60 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. R. Tumlinson, B. Povazay, L. P. Hariri, J. McNally, A. Unterhuber, B. Hermann, H. Sattmann, W. Drexler, and J. K. Barton, “In vivo ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography of mouse colon with an achromatized endoscope,” J. Biomed. Opt.11(6), 064003 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Mariuzzi, A. Mombello, G. Granchelli, V. Rucco, E. Tarocco, D. Frank, J. Davis, D. Thompson, H. Bartels, G. M. Mariuzzi, and P. H. Bartels, “Quantitative study of breast cancer progression: different pathways for various in situ cancers,” Mod. Pathol.15(1), 18–25 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Muldoon, N. Thekkek, D. Roblyer, D. Maru, N. Harpaz, J. Potack, S. Anandasabapathy, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Evaluation of quantitative image analysis criteria for the high-resolution microendoscopic detection of neoplasia in Barrett’s esophagus,” J. Biomed. Opt.15(2), 026027 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Muldoon, S. Anandasabapathy, D. Maru, and R. Richards-Kortum, “High-resolution imaging in Barrett’s esophagus: a novel, low-cost endoscopic microscope,” Gastrointest. Endosc.68(4), 737–744 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Muldoon, M. C. Pierce, D. L. Nida, M. D. Williams, A. Gillenwater, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Subcellular-resolution molecular imaging within living tissue by fiber microendoscopy,” Opt. Express15(25), 16413–16423 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Bini, J. Spain, K. Nehal, V. Hazelwood, C. DiMarzio, and M. Rajadhyaksha, “Confocal mosaicing microscopy of human skin ex vivo: spectral analysis for digital staining to simulate histology-like appearance,” J. Biomed. Opt.16(7), 076008 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. Osdoit, M. Genet, A. Perchant, S. Loiseau, B. Abrat, and F. Lacombe, “In vivo fibered confocal reflectance imaging: totally non-invasive morphological cellular imaging brought to the endoscopist,” Proc. SPIE6082, 608208, 608208-10 (2006). [CrossRef]
- A. Osdoit, M. Genet, A. Perchant, S. Loiseau, B. Abrat, and F. Lacombe, “In vivo fibered confocal reflectance imaging: totally non-invasive morphological cellular imaging brought to the endoscopist,” Proc. SPIE6082, 608208, 608208-10 (2006). [CrossRef]
- E. Laemmel, M. Genet, G. Le Goualher, A. Perchant, J.-F. Le Gargasson, and E. Vicaut, “Fibered confocal fluorescence microscopy (Cell-viZio) facilitates extended imaging in the field of microcirculation. A comparison with intravital microscopy,” J. Vasc. Res.41(5), 400–411 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. McCall, M. Pierce, E. A. Graviss, R. Richards-Kortum, and T. Tkaczyk, “Toward a low-cost compact array microscopy platform for detection of tuberculosis,” Tuberculosis (Edinb.)91(Suppl 1), S54–S60 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Muldoon, N. Thekkek, D. Roblyer, D. Maru, N. Harpaz, J. Potack, S. Anandasabapathy, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Evaluation of quantitative image analysis criteria for the high-resolution microendoscopic detection of neoplasia in Barrett’s esophagus,” J. Biomed. Opt.15(2), 026027 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. R. Tumlinson, B. Povazay, L. P. Hariri, J. McNally, A. Unterhuber, B. Hermann, H. Sattmann, W. Drexler, and J. K. Barton, “In vivo ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography of mouse colon with an achromatized endoscope,” J. Biomed. Opt.11(6), 064003 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Kim, M. Puoris’haag, D. Côté, C. P. Lin, and S. H. Yun, “In vivo confocal and multiphoton microendoscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt.13(1), 010501 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. S. Tkaczyk, J. D. Rogers, M. Rahman, T. C. Christenson, S. Gaalema, E. L. Dereniak, R. Richards-Kortum, and M. R. Descour, “Multi-modal miniature microscope: 4M Device for bio-imaging applications - an overview of the system,” Proc. SPIE5959, 59590N, 59590N-9 (2005). [CrossRef]
- J. Bini, J. Spain, K. Nehal, V. Hazelwood, C. DiMarzio, and M. Rajadhyaksha, “Confocal mosaicing microscopy of human skin ex vivo: spectral analysis for digital staining to simulate histology-like appearance,” J. Biomed. Opt.16(7), 076008 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. McCall, M. Pierce, E. A. Graviss, R. Richards-Kortum, and T. Tkaczyk, “Toward a low-cost compact array microscopy platform for detection of tuberculosis,” Tuberculosis (Edinb.)91(Suppl 1), S54–S60 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Muldoon, N. Thekkek, D. Roblyer, D. Maru, N. Harpaz, J. Potack, S. Anandasabapathy, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Evaluation of quantitative image analysis criteria for the high-resolution microendoscopic detection of neoplasia in Barrett’s esophagus,” J. Biomed. Opt.15(2), 026027 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Muldoon, S. Anandasabapathy, D. Maru, and R. Richards-Kortum, “High-resolution imaging in Barrett’s esophagus: a novel, low-cost endoscopic microscope,” Gastrointest. Endosc.68(4), 737–744 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Muldoon, M. C. Pierce, D. L. Nida, M. D. Williams, A. Gillenwater, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Subcellular-resolution molecular imaging within living tissue by fiber microendoscopy,” Opt. Express15(25), 16413–16423 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. S. Tkaczyk, J. D. Rogers, M. Rahman, T. C. Christenson, S. Gaalema, E. L. Dereniak, R. Richards-Kortum, and M. R. Descour, “Multi-modal miniature microscope: 4M Device for bio-imaging applications - an overview of the system,” Proc. SPIE5959, 59590N, 59590N-9 (2005). [CrossRef]
- K.-B. Sung, C. Liang, M. Descour, T. Collier, M. Follen, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Fiber-optic confocal reflectance microscope with miniature objective for in vivo imaging of human tissues,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.49(10), 1168–1172 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Muldoon, N. Thekkek, D. Roblyer, D. Maru, N. Harpaz, J. Potack, S. Anandasabapathy, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Evaluation of quantitative image analysis criteria for the high-resolution microendoscopic detection of neoplasia in Barrett’s esophagus,” J. Biomed. Opt.15(2), 026027 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. S. Tkaczyk, J. D. Rogers, M. Rahman, T. C. Christenson, S. Gaalema, E. L. Dereniak, R. Richards-Kortum, and M. R. Descour, “Multi-modal miniature microscope: 4M Device for bio-imaging applications - an overview of the system,” Proc. SPIE5959, 59590N, 59590N-9 (2005). [CrossRef]
- Y. Cui, E. A. Koop, P. J. van Diest, R. A. Kandel, and T. E. Rohan, “Nuclear morphometric features in benign breast tissue and risk of subsequent breast cancer,” Breast Cancer Res. Treat.104(1), 103–107 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Mariuzzi, A. Mombello, G. Granchelli, V. Rucco, E. Tarocco, D. Frank, J. Davis, D. Thompson, H. Bartels, G. M. Mariuzzi, and P. H. Bartels, “Quantitative study of breast cancer progression: different pathways for various in situ cancers,” Mod. Pathol.15(1), 18–25 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Göbel, D. Brucker, Y. Kienast, A. Johansson, G. Kniebühler, A. Rühm, S. Eigenbrod, S. Fischer, M. Goetz, F.-W. Kreth, A. Ehrhardt, H. Stepp, K.-M. Irion, and J. Herms, “Optical needle endoscope for safe and precise stereotactically guided biopsy sampling in neurosurgery,” Opt. Express20(24), 26117–26126 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. R. Tumlinson, B. Povazay, L. P. Hariri, J. McNally, A. Unterhuber, B. Hermann, H. Sattmann, W. Drexler, and J. K. Barton, “In vivo ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography of mouse colon with an achromatized endoscope,” J. Biomed. Opt.11(6), 064003 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Bini, J. Spain, K. Nehal, V. Hazelwood, C. DiMarzio, and M. Rajadhyaksha, “Confocal mosaicing microscopy of human skin ex vivo: spectral analysis for digital staining to simulate histology-like appearance,” J. Biomed. Opt.16(7), 076008 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- W. Göbel, D. Brucker, Y. Kienast, A. Johansson, G. Kniebühler, A. Rühm, S. Eigenbrod, S. Fischer, M. Goetz, F.-W. Kreth, A. Ehrhardt, H. Stepp, K.-M. Irion, and J. Herms, “Optical needle endoscope for safe and precise stereotactically guided biopsy sampling in neurosurgery,” Opt. Express20(24), 26117–26126 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- K.-B. Sung, C. Liang, M. Descour, T. Collier, M. Follen, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Fiber-optic confocal reflectance microscope with miniature objective for in vivo imaging of human tissues,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.49(10), 1168–1172 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. Tot and L. Tabár, “The role of radiological-pathological correlation in diagnosing early breast cancer: the pathologist’s perspective,” Virchows Arch.458(2), 125–131 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Mariuzzi, A. Mombello, G. Granchelli, V. Rucco, E. Tarocco, D. Frank, J. Davis, D. Thompson, H. Bartels, G. M. Mariuzzi, and P. H. Bartels, “Quantitative study of breast cancer progression: different pathways for various in situ cancers,” Mod. Pathol.15(1), 18–25 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. J. Muldoon, N. Thekkek, D. Roblyer, D. Maru, N. Harpaz, J. Potack, S. Anandasabapathy, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Evaluation of quantitative image analysis criteria for the high-resolution microendoscopic detection of neoplasia in Barrett’s esophagus,” J. Biomed. Opt.15(2), 026027 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Mariuzzi, A. Mombello, G. Granchelli, V. Rucco, E. Tarocco, D. Frank, J. Davis, D. Thompson, H. Bartels, G. M. Mariuzzi, and P. H. Bartels, “Quantitative study of breast cancer progression: different pathways for various in situ cancers,” Mod. Pathol.15(1), 18–25 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- B. McCall, M. Pierce, E. A. Graviss, R. Richards-Kortum, and T. Tkaczyk, “Toward a low-cost compact array microscopy platform for detection of tuberculosis,” Tuberculosis (Edinb.)91(Suppl 1), S54–S60 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. Kyrish, U. Utzinger, M. R. Descour, B. K. Baggett, and T. S. Tkaczyk, “Ultra-slim plastic endomicroscope objective for non-linear microscopy,” Opt. Express19(8), 7603–7615 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. C. Birch, M. R. Descour, and T. S. Tkaczyk, “Hyperspectral Shack-Hartmann test,” Appl. Opt.49(28), 5399–5406 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. M. Landau, C. Liang, R. T. Kester, T. S. Tkaczyk, and M. R. Descour, “Design and evaluation of an ultra-slim objective for in-vivo deep optical biopsy,” Opt. Express18(5), 4758–4775 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. T. Kester, T. Christenson, R. R. Kortum, and T. S. Tkaczyk, “Low cost, high performance, self-aligning miniature optical systems,” Appl. Opt.48(18), 3375–3384 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T. S. Tkaczyk, J. D. Rogers, M. Rahman, T. C. Christenson, S. Gaalema, E. L. Dereniak, R. Richards-Kortum, and M. R. Descour, “Multi-modal miniature microscope: 4M Device for bio-imaging applications - an overview of the system,” Proc. SPIE5959, 59590N, 59590N-9 (2005). [CrossRef]
- T. Tot and L. Tabár, “The role of radiological-pathological correlation in diagnosing early breast cancer: the pathologist’s perspective,” Virchows Arch.458(2), 125–131 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. R. Tumlinson, B. Povazay, L. P. Hariri, J. McNally, A. Unterhuber, B. Hermann, H. Sattmann, W. Drexler, and J. K. Barton, “In vivo ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography of mouse colon with an achromatized endoscope,” J. Biomed. Opt.11(6), 064003 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. R. Tumlinson, B. Povazay, L. P. Hariri, J. McNally, A. Unterhuber, B. Hermann, H. Sattmann, W. Drexler, and J. K. Barton, “In vivo ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography of mouse colon with an achromatized endoscope,” J. Biomed. Opt.11(6), 064003 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Cui, E. A. Koop, P. J. van Diest, R. A. Kandel, and T. E. Rohan, “Nuclear morphometric features in benign breast tissue and risk of subsequent breast cancer,” Breast Cancer Res. Treat.104(1), 103–107 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- E. Laemmel, M. Genet, G. Le Goualher, A. Perchant, J.-F. Le Gargasson, and E. Vicaut, “Fibered confocal fluorescence microscopy (Cell-viZio) facilitates extended imaging in the field of microcirculation. A comparison with intravital microscopy,” J. Vasc. Res.41(5), 400–411 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. Wang, B. V. Hunter, M. J. Cobb, and X. Li, “Super-achromatic rapid scanning microendoscope for ultrahigh-resolution OCT imaging,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.13(6), 1596–1601 (2007). [CrossRef]
- P. Kim, M. Puoris’haag, D. Côté, C. P. Lin, and S. H. Yun, “In vivo confocal and multiphoton microendoscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt.13(1), 010501 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Appl. Opt.
- D. C. Leiner and R. Prescott, “Correction of chromatic aberrations in GRIN endoscopes,” Appl. Opt.22(3), 383–386 (1983). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- R. T. Kester, T. Christenson, R. R. Kortum, and T. S. Tkaczyk, “Low cost, high performance, self-aligning miniature optical systems,” Appl. Opt.48(18), 3375–3384 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- M. D. Chidley, K. D. Carlson, R. R. Richards-Kortum, and M. R. Descour, “Design, assembly, and optical bench testing of a high-numerical-aperture miniature injection-molded objective for fiber-optic confocal reflectance microscopy,” Appl. Opt.45(11), 2545–2554 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. R. Rouse, A. Kano, J. A. Udovich, S. M. Kroto, and A. F. Gmitro, “Design and demonstration of a miniature catheter for a confocal microendoscope,” Appl. Opt.43(31), 5763–5771 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. C. Birch, M. R. Descour, and T. S. Tkaczyk, “Hyperspectral Shack-Hartmann test,” Appl. Opt.49(28), 5399–5406 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. I. Greisukh, E. G. Ezhov, I. A. Levin, and S. A. Stepanov, “Design of achromatic and apochromatic plastic micro-objectives,” Appl. Opt.49(23), 4379–4384 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Biomed. Opt. Express
- Y. Zhao, H. Nakamura, and R. J. Gordon, “Development of a versatile two-photon endoscope for biological imaging,” Biomed. Opt. Express1(4), 1159–1172 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Y. Wu and X. Li, “Combined influences of chromatic aberration and scattering in depth-resolved two-photon fluorescence endospectroscopy,” Biomed. Opt. Express1(4), 1234–1243 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Breast Cancer Res. Treat.
- Y. Cui, E. A. Koop, P. J. van Diest, R. A. Kandel, and T. E. Rohan, “Nuclear morphometric features in benign breast tissue and risk of subsequent breast cancer,” Breast Cancer Res. Treat.104(1), 103–107 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Gastrointest. Endosc.
- T. J. Muldoon, S. Anandasabapathy, D. Maru, and R. Richards-Kortum, “High-resolution imaging in Barrett’s esophagus: a novel, low-cost endoscopic microscope,” Gastrointest. Endosc.68(4), 737–744 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.
- D. Wang, B. V. Hunter, M. J. Cobb, and X. Li, “Super-achromatic rapid scanning microendoscope for ultrahigh-resolution OCT imaging,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.13(6), 1596–1601 (2007). [CrossRef]
IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.
- K.-B. Sung, C. Liang, M. Descour, T. Collier, M. Follen, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Fiber-optic confocal reflectance microscope with miniature objective for in vivo imaging of human tissues,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.49(10), 1168–1172 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Biomed. Opt.
- T. J. Muldoon, N. Thekkek, D. Roblyer, D. Maru, N. Harpaz, J. Potack, S. Anandasabapathy, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Evaluation of quantitative image analysis criteria for the high-resolution microendoscopic detection of neoplasia in Barrett’s esophagus,” J. Biomed. Opt.15(2), 026027 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- A. R. Tumlinson, B. Povazay, L. P. Hariri, J. McNally, A. Unterhuber, B. Hermann, H. Sattmann, W. Drexler, and J. K. Barton, “In vivo ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography of mouse colon with an achromatized endoscope,” J. Biomed. Opt.11(6), 064003 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Kim, M. Puoris’haag, D. Côté, C. P. Lin, and S. H. Yun, “In vivo confocal and multiphoton microendoscopy,” J. Biomed. Opt.13(1), 010501 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- J. Bini, J. Spain, K. Nehal, V. Hazelwood, C. DiMarzio, and M. Rajadhyaksha, “Confocal mosaicing microscopy of human skin ex vivo: spectral analysis for digital staining to simulate histology-like appearance,” J. Biomed. Opt.16(7), 076008 (2011). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. S. Gareau, “Feasibility of digitally stained multimodal confocal mosaics to simulate histopathology,” J. Biomed. Opt.14(3), 034050 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Neurophysiol.
- T. H. Chia and M. J. Levene, “Microprisms for in vivo multilayer cortical imaging,” J. Neurophysiol.102(2), 1310–1314 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. Vasc. Res.
- E. Laemmel, M. Genet, G. Le Goualher, A. Perchant, J.-F. Le Gargasson, and E. Vicaut, “Fibered confocal fluorescence microscopy (Cell-viZio) facilitates extended imaging in the field of microcirculation. A comparison with intravital microscopy,” J. Vasc. Res.41(5), 400–411 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Mod. Pathol.
- L. Mariuzzi, A. Mombello, G. Granchelli, V. Rucco, E. Tarocco, D. Frank, J. Davis, D. Thompson, H. Bartels, G. M. Mariuzzi, and P. H. Bartels, “Quantitative study of breast cancer progression: different pathways for various in situ cancers,” Mod. Pathol.15(1), 18–25 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Opt. Express
- T. J. Muldoon, M. C. Pierce, D. L. Nida, M. D. Williams, A. Gillenwater, and R. Richards-Kortum, “Subcellular-resolution molecular imaging within living tissue by fiber microendoscopy,” Opt. Express15(25), 16413–16423 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- S. M. Landau, C. Liang, R. T. Kester, T. S. Tkaczyk, and M. R. Descour, “Design and evaluation of an ultra-slim objective for in-vivo deep optical biopsy,” Opt. Express18(5), 4758–4775 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Tuberculosis (Edinb.)
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Virchows Arch.
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2012, Göbel, Opt. Express
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