Abstract
We theoretically demonstrate the imaging properties of a complex two-dimensional (2D) face-centered
square lattice photonic crystal (PC) made from germanium cylinders in air background. The finite-difference
time-domain (FDTD) method is employed to calculate the band structure and simulate image construction. The
band diagram of the complex structure is significantly compressed. Negative refraction occurs in the second
energy band with negative phase velocity at a frequency of 0.228 (2\pi c/a), which is lower than results from
previous studies. Lower negative refraction frequency leads to higher image resolution. Numerical results show
that the spatial resolution of the system reaches 0.7296 \lambda, which is lower than the incident wavelength.
© 2013 Chinese Optics Letters
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