Abstract

The cross-correlation method for temporal characterization is investigated using simulations of the twocolor above threshold ionization (ATI) on He induced by a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) free-electron laser (FEL) in the presence of an infrared (IR) field. Non-linear dependencies of the sideband structure produced in the two-color ATI process are expressed as a function of IR laser intensity by considering the spatial distributions and temporal jitter of both lasers. The temporal properties of the FEL pulse can be characterized accurately using the cross-correlation method at a low IR laser intensity of ~3 \times 10^{10} W/cm2 but with low cross-correlation signals. When the dynamic range of sidebands is increased to high IR intensity, the accuracy of the cross-correlation method becomes crucially dependent on the actual nonlinear index. An approach of determining this index is proposed here to improve the accuracy of temporal characterizations.

© 2013 Chinese Optics Letters

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