Abstract
Electron injection using ambient stable electrodes is essential
for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), particularly for the bottom
electrode of the inverted OLEDs. Here, a metal–oxide-based highly
transparent electron injection layer (EIL) is proposed. This metal–oxide-based
EIL consists of thin layer of aluminum (Al)—modified molybdenum
trioxide
$({MoO}_{3})$
. It is demonstrated that the surface of the
${MoO}_{3}$
layer can be chemically reduced by a very thin overlayer
of Al (1 nm), resulting in a lower effective surface work function
as well as introducing a number of gap states in the reduced molybdenum
oxide layer. With this surface Al-doped
${MoO}_{3}$
EIL, efficient
inverted OLEDs are demonstrated over typical conductive electrodes
such as indium tin oxide (ITO) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythio-phene):
poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS).
© 2014 IEEE
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