Abstract
The optical properties of two dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) waveguides
were investigated using ferroelectric barium titanate (BTO) thin films as
the optical medium. The photonic band structure was calculated using a 2-D
finite difference time domain (FDTD) method; a broad band gap is observed
that results from the high refractive index contrast. The simulated transmission
spectra indicate the stop band of PhC is mainly determined by three parameters:
lattice constant, refractive index contrast, and waveguide mode order. From
transmission measurements the PhC with a lattice constant ${a}=420$ nm shows a strong light dispersion
and the other PhC with ${a}=450$ nm shows a 120-nm broad stop band. Strong localization of visible
light within the PhC cavities is demonstrated from the light scattering images.
The observed strong light confinement and its spatial intensity profile due
to resonance agree with the calculated profiles. From polarized optical microscopy
we discovered the scattered light wavelength was highly sensitive to magnitude
of the lattice constant. The optical scattering properties indicate BTO PhC
can potentially serve as micrometer size electro-optically tunable switches
and color filters.
© 2009 IEEE
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