Abstract
We discuss detailed characteristics of a polarization-division-multiplexed
quadrature-phase-shift-keying (PDM-QPSK) modulator with a hybrid configuration
of silica planar lightwave circuits (PLCs) and LiNbO$_{3}$ (LN) phase modulators. With a polarization
multiplexing circuit consisting of a half-wavelength plate (HWP) and a Mach-Zehnder-type
polarization beam combiner (PBC) in a PLC, the modulator outputs a PDM-QPSK
signal with a inter-polarization-channel crosstalk smaller than ${-}$40 dB. The modulator also has a small
insertion loss of 5.0 dB (7.7 and 8.4 dB for each polarization), and successfully
operates at 100 Gb/s.
© 2011 IEEE
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