The new official United States color standards for grading gum rosin are described and compared with the superseded 1923 Lovibond glass standards. The new standards are made of cemented combinations of Jena and Corning glasses, and show a better spectral match with rosin, higher luminous transmission, more regular spacing of colors on a chromaticity scale, and are more solidly constructed than the old standards. Spectral transmission curves for rosins and the glass standards are shown. The standard colors are specified in terms of the 1931 I.C.I. colorimetric coordinate system with its standard observer and standard illuminant C. Chromaticity tolerances are established for duplicate standards.
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Spectral transmission data for the cemented glass combinations comprising set No. 200 of the 1936 U. S. Standards for rosin.
λ
X
WW
WG
N
M
K
I
H
G
F
E
D
400
0.005
0.001
410
.006
.0022
0.0008
420
.0092
.0037
.0015
430
.0152
.0064
.0026
0.0008
440
.0311
.0139
.0059
.0020
0.0005
450
.0595
.0284
.0131
.0048
.0013
0.0002
460
.106
.0549
.0280
.0114
.0035
.0007
470
.166
.0926
.0512
.0232
.0083
.0020
0.0003
480
.234
.143
.0863
.0437
.0181
.0053
.0009
490
.305
.199
.1305
.0734
.0346
.0119
.0027
0.0003
500
.373
.260
.181
.1114
.0589
.0239
.0074
.0011
0.0001
510
.440
.324
.237
.1587
.0932
.0434
.0159
.0033
.0006
520
.502
.387
.299
.213
.1372
.0730
.0316
.0089
.0020
530
.556
.450
.363
.273
.190
.1130
.0566
.0200
.0060
540
.604
.506
.422
.333
.246
.158
.0896
.0373
.0136
550
.643
.555
.477
.394
.302
.210
.1320
.0635
.0275
0.0004
560
.673
.595
.526
.447
.358
.264
.178
.0972
.0482
.0099
0.00006
570
.698
.628
.567
.495
.411
.316
.227
.1357
.0760
.0417
.0034
580
.713
.651
.597
.533
.454
.363
.272
.174
.1070
.0655
.0149
0.00015
590
.724
.668
.620
.562
.489
.400
.312
.210
.1414
.0840
.0260
.0015
600
.730
.678
.635
.582
.514
.430
.345
.242
.174
.1015
.0354
.0046
610
.729
.683
.642
.594
.530
.449
.368
.265
.200
.1190
.0450
.0078
620
.727
.684
.645
.600
.540
.462
.384
.281
.219
.1358
.0549
.0109
630
.724
.682
.646
.603
.545
.469
.393
.292
.233
.152
.0652
.0142
640
.722
.682
.647
.606
.550
.475
.401
.302
.244
.167
.0750
.0177
650
.723
.683
.650
.610
.555
.482
.408
.309
.253
.181
.0854
.0216
660
.724
.684
.652
.612
.558
.485
.413
.314
.259
.197
.0969
.0266
670
.729
.688
.658
.618
.564
.494
.419
.322
.266
.214
.1099
.0322
680
.738
.698
.667
.628
.573
.504
.428
.331
.270
.234
.1236
.0389
690
.738
.699
.668
.629
.574
.505
.429
.331
.270
.253
.139
.0472
700
.741
.704
.673
.633
.577
.509
.431
.334
.269
.273
.155
.0568
710
.749
.710
.678
.639
.584
.515
.435
.336
.267
.294
.173
.0683
720
.756
.717
.685
.644
.588
.518
.436
.336
.264
.316
.191
.0821
730
.763
.723
.691
.648
.590
.519
.435
.335
.258
.340
.212
.0990
740
.769
.727
.694
.650
.591
.519
.433
.330
.250
.365
.235
.117
750
.773
.731
.696
.651
.590
.516
.428
.324
.240
.390
.258
.139
760
.778
.734
.698
.651
.587
.512
.421
.317
.229
.416
.283
.162
Table II
Glass components of the 1936 and the superseded 1923 standards, (i) Jena GG9 yellow (melt F21725), (ii) Corning G30B signal yellow (melt 8–25–25), (iii) Corning G10M crystal clear, (iv) Corning 554CP amethyst, (v) Corning G34 (melt 7–1–30, T = 5 percent at 556 mμ, 40 percent at 566 mμ), (vi) Corning G34 (melt 11–2–29, T = 5 percent at 566 mμ, 40 percent at 577 mμ), (vii) Corning G24L (melt 5–8–34, T = 5 percent at 580 mμ, 40 percent at 591 mμ); Y, R, B yellow, red, and blue Lovibond numerals, engraved by the manufacturer on the glasses used in set No. 100 of the 1923 standards, a, clear glass with wavy surface, b, wavy film of cellulose acetate.
1936 Standards
1923 Standards
Thickness of Components, mm
Y
R
B
Clear
No. of Components
X
(i)
1.07
(ii)
0.78
(iii)
17.76
12
1.4
a
3
WW
1.07
1.17
17.60
20
2.1
—
a
3
WG
1.07
1.59
17.52
30
2.5
—
a
3
N
1.07
2.16
17.10
40
3.4
—
a
3
M
1.07
2.90
16.41
50
4.5
—
a
3
K
1.07
3.92
15.61
60
5.5
—
a
3
I
1.07
5.27
14.23
70
7.7
—
a
4
H
1.07
7.35
12.20
75
11.5
—
a
4
G
—
10.08
10.65
75
18.5
—
a
4
F
(v)
2.18
(iv)
2.19
16.06
100
35
—
a
5
E
(vi)
2.89
3.22
14.29
120
55
—
a+b
8
D
(vii)
1.60
5.27
13.70
150
83
2.0
b+b
8
Table III
Colorimetric specifications for the 1936 and the 1923 standards for rosin, based on the 1931 I.C.I. coordinate system, standard observer, equal-energy basic stimulus, and standard illuminant C; x and y trilinear coordinates, T luminous transmission; additional specifications, Λ dominant wave-length in mμ, and p colorimetric purity.
Assuming T = 0.91 for the wavy glass component, T = 0.85 for a wavy film of cellulose acetate at all wave-lengths.
Tables (3)
Table I
Spectral transmission data for the cemented glass combinations comprising set No. 200 of the 1936 U. S. Standards for rosin.
λ
X
WW
WG
N
M
K
I
H
G
F
E
D
400
0.005
0.001
410
.006
.0022
0.0008
420
.0092
.0037
.0015
430
.0152
.0064
.0026
0.0008
440
.0311
.0139
.0059
.0020
0.0005
450
.0595
.0284
.0131
.0048
.0013
0.0002
460
.106
.0549
.0280
.0114
.0035
.0007
470
.166
.0926
.0512
.0232
.0083
.0020
0.0003
480
.234
.143
.0863
.0437
.0181
.0053
.0009
490
.305
.199
.1305
.0734
.0346
.0119
.0027
0.0003
500
.373
.260
.181
.1114
.0589
.0239
.0074
.0011
0.0001
510
.440
.324
.237
.1587
.0932
.0434
.0159
.0033
.0006
520
.502
.387
.299
.213
.1372
.0730
.0316
.0089
.0020
530
.556
.450
.363
.273
.190
.1130
.0566
.0200
.0060
540
.604
.506
.422
.333
.246
.158
.0896
.0373
.0136
550
.643
.555
.477
.394
.302
.210
.1320
.0635
.0275
0.0004
560
.673
.595
.526
.447
.358
.264
.178
.0972
.0482
.0099
0.00006
570
.698
.628
.567
.495
.411
.316
.227
.1357
.0760
.0417
.0034
580
.713
.651
.597
.533
.454
.363
.272
.174
.1070
.0655
.0149
0.00015
590
.724
.668
.620
.562
.489
.400
.312
.210
.1414
.0840
.0260
.0015
600
.730
.678
.635
.582
.514
.430
.345
.242
.174
.1015
.0354
.0046
610
.729
.683
.642
.594
.530
.449
.368
.265
.200
.1190
.0450
.0078
620
.727
.684
.645
.600
.540
.462
.384
.281
.219
.1358
.0549
.0109
630
.724
.682
.646
.603
.545
.469
.393
.292
.233
.152
.0652
.0142
640
.722
.682
.647
.606
.550
.475
.401
.302
.244
.167
.0750
.0177
650
.723
.683
.650
.610
.555
.482
.408
.309
.253
.181
.0854
.0216
660
.724
.684
.652
.612
.558
.485
.413
.314
.259
.197
.0969
.0266
670
.729
.688
.658
.618
.564
.494
.419
.322
.266
.214
.1099
.0322
680
.738
.698
.667
.628
.573
.504
.428
.331
.270
.234
.1236
.0389
690
.738
.699
.668
.629
.574
.505
.429
.331
.270
.253
.139
.0472
700
.741
.704
.673
.633
.577
.509
.431
.334
.269
.273
.155
.0568
710
.749
.710
.678
.639
.584
.515
.435
.336
.267
.294
.173
.0683
720
.756
.717
.685
.644
.588
.518
.436
.336
.264
.316
.191
.0821
730
.763
.723
.691
.648
.590
.519
.435
.335
.258
.340
.212
.0990
740
.769
.727
.694
.650
.591
.519
.433
.330
.250
.365
.235
.117
750
.773
.731
.696
.651
.590
.516
.428
.324
.240
.390
.258
.139
760
.778
.734
.698
.651
.587
.512
.421
.317
.229
.416
.283
.162
Table II
Glass components of the 1936 and the superseded 1923 standards, (i) Jena GG9 yellow (melt F21725), (ii) Corning G30B signal yellow (melt 8–25–25), (iii) Corning G10M crystal clear, (iv) Corning 554CP amethyst, (v) Corning G34 (melt 7–1–30, T = 5 percent at 556 mμ, 40 percent at 566 mμ), (vi) Corning G34 (melt 11–2–29, T = 5 percent at 566 mμ, 40 percent at 577 mμ), (vii) Corning G24L (melt 5–8–34, T = 5 percent at 580 mμ, 40 percent at 591 mμ); Y, R, B yellow, red, and blue Lovibond numerals, engraved by the manufacturer on the glasses used in set No. 100 of the 1923 standards, a, clear glass with wavy surface, b, wavy film of cellulose acetate.
1936 Standards
1923 Standards
Thickness of Components, mm
Y
R
B
Clear
No. of Components
X
(i)
1.07
(ii)
0.78
(iii)
17.76
12
1.4
a
3
WW
1.07
1.17
17.60
20
2.1
—
a
3
WG
1.07
1.59
17.52
30
2.5
—
a
3
N
1.07
2.16
17.10
40
3.4
—
a
3
M
1.07
2.90
16.41
50
4.5
—
a
3
K
1.07
3.92
15.61
60
5.5
—
a
3
I
1.07
5.27
14.23
70
7.7
—
a
4
H
1.07
7.35
12.20
75
11.5
—
a
4
G
—
10.08
10.65
75
18.5
—
a
4
F
(v)
2.18
(iv)
2.19
16.06
100
35
—
a
5
E
(vi)
2.89
3.22
14.29
120
55
—
a+b
8
D
(vii)
1.60
5.27
13.70
150
83
2.0
b+b
8
Table III
Colorimetric specifications for the 1936 and the 1923 standards for rosin, based on the 1931 I.C.I. coordinate system, standard observer, equal-energy basic stimulus, and standard illuminant C; x and y trilinear coordinates, T luminous transmission; additional specifications, Λ dominant wave-length in mμ, and p colorimetric purity.