R. E. Nusbaum, D. L. Fry, and J. W. Hackett, "The Use of Briquets Formed from Metal Grindings for the Spectrographic Analysis of Steel*," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 34, 33-40 (1944)
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Optimum conditions for spectrographic analyses of briquets.
Metal to be analyzed
Resistance in discharge circuit
Prespark in seconds
Exposure in seconds
Cast iron
27 ohms
10
30
18–8
18 ohms
5
45
Mod. S.A.E. 4150
18 ohms
5
40
S.A.E. 1020
18 ohms
5
90
For all metals: Secondary voltage 30,000, no inductance added in discharge circuit, capacity 0.015 μf, spark gap
inch, and air jet pressure 1 lb. per square inch behind jet, diameter of the jet
inch.
All wave-lengths are in international angstrom units.
Table IV
Summary of briquet analyses data.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Type of sample
No. of samples
No. of determinations
Ranges of concentrations
Average deviation from mean
Maximum deviation from mean
Standard deviation
Av. dev. of chemical from analytical curve
Manganese
Cast iron
6
101
0.50%
−1.30%
1.8%
7.4%
2.42%
3.4%
18–8 steel
8
168
0.60
−1.80
1.8
9.3
2.34
1.5
Mod. S.A.E. 4150 steel
20
115
0.80
−1.30
1.0
4.5
1.41
3.8
Silicon
Cast iron
6
101
1.20
−2.60
3.5
10.7
4.45
2.9
18–8 steel
8
168
0.40
−0.60
2.6
12.2
3.48
5.9
Mod. S.A.E. 4150 steel
20
115
0.30
−0.60
3.4
12.5
4.67
9.5
Chromium
Mod. S.A.E. 4150 steel
17
90
0.30
−1.00
2.3
11.0
3.02
6.4
Molybdenum
Mod. S.A.E. 4150 steel
15
84
0.10
−0.40
2.7
13.6
3.75
9.2
Table V
Standard deviations for S.A.E. 1020 steel.
Manganese
2.41%
Silicon
3.63
Chromium
2.33
Molybdenum
3.71
Table VI
Summary of rod analyses data.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Type of sample
No. of samples
No. of determinations
Range of concentrations
Average deviation from mean
Maximum deviation from mean
Standard deviation
Av. dev. of chemical from analytical curves
Manganese
18–8 steel
10
109
0.60%
−1.80%
2.1%
6.0%
2.61%
2.8%
Mod. S.A.E. 4150 steel
43
100
0.85
−1.55
1.7
5.1
2.20
4.4
Silicon
18–8 steel
10
109
0.35
−0.65
3.6
12.9
4.73
7.6
Mod. S.A.E. 4150 steel
43
100
0.30
−0.65
3.6
14.3
5.12
10.3
Chromium
Mod. S.A.E. 4150 steel
28
71
0.25
−1.05
1.5
8.1
2.40
5.5
Molybdenum
Mod. S.A.E. 4150 steel
19
47
0.150
−0.320
1.5
5.8
2.09
4.5
Table VII
Spectrographic analyses of mixtures.
Element analyzed for
Analyses of components
Calculated analysis of mixture 1/2A +1/2B
Number of observations
Average spectrographic analysis of mixture
Average deviation from calculated analysis
A
B
Manganese
1.07%
0.36%
0.72%
7
0.70%
3.3%
Silicon
2.15
2.62
2.38
7
2.37
5.1
Table VIII
Spectrographic analyses of prepared standards.
Samples mixed
Analysis of components
Calculated analysis of mixture
Number of observations
Average spectrographic analysis of mixture
Max. dev. from calculated
Av. dev. from calculated
E-5
Armco
Manganese
75% E-5+Armco
1.21%
0.43%
1.02%
4
1.08%
6.9%
6.1%
50% E-5+Armco
1.21
0.43
0.81
4
0.80
6.2
3.1
Silicon
75% E-5+Armco
2.62
0.04
1.97
4
1.96
5.1
2.8
50% E-5+Armco
2.62
0.04
1.33
4
1.26
7.5
5.6
Tables (8)
Table I
Effect of Al2O3 in briquets on log I ratio.
Chemical analyses
Log I ratios
Sample No.
Wheel used
Number of times through separator
Silicon
Al2O3
Mn
Si
5565
20L
0
0.40%
12.65%
−0.34
−0.82
5565
20L
2
0.39
3.45
−0.38
−1.05
5565
20L
4
0.42
2.54
−0.40
−1.10
5565
20L
6
0.43
2.16
−0.44
−1.15
5312
46Q
0
0.55
4.34
−0.51
−0.70
5312
46Q
1
0.47
1.72
−0.55
−0.75
5312
46Q
2
0.59
1.22
−0.56
−0.76
5312
46Q
3
0.51
1.07
−0.56
−0.75
5312
46Q
4
0.51
0.95
−0.54
−0.70
5312
46Q
8
0.55
0.81
−0.57
−0.70
Table II
Optimum conditions for spectrographic analyses of briquets.
Metal to be analyzed
Resistance in discharge circuit
Prespark in seconds
Exposure in seconds
Cast iron
27 ohms
10
30
18–8
18 ohms
5
45
Mod. S.A.E. 4150
18 ohms
5
40
S.A.E. 1020
18 ohms
5
90
For all metals: Secondary voltage 30,000, no inductance added in discharge circuit, capacity 0.015 μf, spark gap
inch, and air jet pressure 1 lb. per square inch behind jet, diameter of the jet
inch.