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The Photographic Reciprocity-Law Failure for Radiations of Different Wave-Length

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Abstract

The reciprocity-law failure of a number of dye-sensitized emulsions has been studied for radiations of different wave-length. The curves showing the exposure, It, to give a certain density, d, as a function of the exposure time, t, are found to be essentially, but not always exactly, parallel if curves referring to the same density are compared. This is in agreement with previous experience. For the case of complete parallelism, a relation is derived between the slope, G, of the intensity scale H and D curves obtained with radiations of different wave-length, λ1 and λ2, and exposure times, t1 and t2:

1/G(λ1,t1)-1/G(λ2,t1)=1/G(λ1,t2)-1/G(λ2,t2).

This means that, for a given emulsion, the shapes of spectral-sensitivity curves (log exposure required to obtain a certain density as a function of wave-length) for different exposure times are identical, providing all the exposures within one spectral-sensitivity curve are of the same duration. The above equation is compared with the experimental results and found to hold within rather narrow limits.

The bearing of the experimental results on tone reproduction and on the distribution of the latent image within the silver bromide grains is discussed.

© 1948 Optical Society of America

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