Department of Psychology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
*The writer is indebted to Mrs. Mary Hall, engineering aide, for her invaluable assistance in this study.
**The data of this study were collected while the author was Captain, Air Corps, in the Aero Medical Laboratory, Air Materiel Command, Wright Field, Dayton, Ohio.
One hundred and twenty men were tested with 5 pseudo-isochromatic tests of color vision, the American Optical Company, Ishihara, Meyrowitz, Boström, and Boström-Kugelberg tests, and with the Royal Canadian Navy color vision test lantern. The results obtained on the lantern were used to classify the subjects into two groups: color normal (86 men) and color deficient (34 men). The criterion of color deficiency used in this study, i.e., one or more errors on the RCN lantern, was found to correlate highly with the total number of plates read correctly on the five pseudo-isochromatic tests.
Each of the pseudo-isochromatic tests was evaluated as a whole, and plate-by-plate, in terms of its efficiency for separating the color normal from the color deficient. It was found that the Boström-Kugelberg test is by far the best all-around test of color deficiency evaluated in this experiment. The Ishihara test is next best. Although the AO test differentiates clearly between the color normal and color deficient, many of the plates are individually non-diagnostic. The Boström and Meyrowitz plates are, in general, unsatisfactory.
Incidental findings show that neither visual acuity nor age is related to performance on the tests used in this experiment.
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These charts were not used in this study.
This test was not used in this study.
Table II
Tabulation of responses made to each colored light in the Royal Canadian Navy color vision test lantern by 86 color normal and 34 color deficient subjects, of whom 12 were classified protano and 19 deuterano. (The entries are percentages; entries in parentheses are actual frequencies. Each subject was presented with each test color 12 times.)
Small apertures
Large apertures
Test color
Subject’s responses
Color normal
All color deficient
Protano’s
Deuterano’s
Color normal
All color deficient
Protano’s
Deuterano’s
G
Green
(G)
96.8 (999)
65.2 (266)
49.3 (71)
75.4 (172)
93.8 (968)
68.6 (280)
56.2 (81)
75.9 (173)
Greenish-blue
(GB)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.2 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.4 (1)
Bluish-green
(BG)
0.3 (3)
0.7 (3)
0.0 (0)
1.3 (3)
0.6 (6)
1.7 (7)
1.4 (2)
2.2 (5)
Blue
(B)
2.9 (30)
1.7 (7)
2.8 (4)
1.3 (3)
5.6 (58)
6.4 (26)
0.0 (0)
11.4 (26)
White
(W)
15.7 (64)
16.0 (23)
14.0 (32)
22.3 (91)
41.0 (59)
9.6 (22)
Yellow
(Y)
8.1 (33)
20.1 (29)
1.8 (4)
0.5 (2)
1.4 (2)
0.0 (0)
Amber
(A)
0.2 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.4 (1)
0.2 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.4 (1)
Reddish-yellow
(RY)
0.2 (1)
0.7 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
Red
(R)
8.1 (33)
11.1 (16)
5.7 (13)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
R
Red
(R)
100.0 (1032)
97.8 (399)
97.2 (140)
98.7 (225)
100.0 (1032)
98.5 (402)
100.0 (144)
97.4 (222)
Yellow
(Y)
0.5 (2)
0.0 (0)
0.9 (2)
1.0 (4)
0.0 (0)
1.8 (4)
White
(W)
0.2 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.4 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
Green
(G)
0.5 (2)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.2 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.4 (1)
Blue
(B)
0.7 (3)
2.1 (3)
0.0 (0)
0.2 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.4 (1)
Nothing
(—)
0.2 (1)
0.7 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
W
White
(W)
48.5 (501)
23.8 (97)
20.8 (30)
24.6 (56)
56.5 (583)
27.7 (113)
25.0 (36)
27.2 (62)
Whitish-yellow
(WY)
0.3 (3)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
Yellowish-white
(YW)
0.2 (2)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.6 (6)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
Yellow
(Y)
39.4 (407)
16.4 (67)
26.4 (38)
12.3 (28)
34.8 (359)
17.9 (73)
25.0 (36)
14.9 (34)
Orange-yellow
(OY)
0.1 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
Yellow-orange
(YO)
0.7 (7)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.1 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
Orange
(O)
4.4 (45)
3.2 (13)
0.7 (1)
5.3 (12)
2.5 (26)
4.9 (20)
0.7 (1)
7.0 (16)
Amber
(A)
6.4 (66)
3.4 (14)
0.0 (0)
6.1 (14)
5.5 (57)
4.2 (17)
0.0 (0)
7.5 (17)
Reddish-yellow
(RY)
0.2 (1)
0.7 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
Pink
(P)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
2.9 (12)
0.0 (0)
5.3 (12)
Brown
(Br)
0.7 (3)
0.0 (0)
1.3 (3)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
Red
(R)
26.0 (106)
16.7 (24)
30.3 (69)
11.5 (47)
8.3 (12)
11.0 (25)
Green
(G)
25.5 (104)
34.0 (49)
19.3 (44)
30.1 (123)
41.0 (59)
25.9 (59)
Greenish-blue
(GB)
0.2 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.4 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
Bluish-green
(BG)
0.2 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.4 (1)
0.2 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.4 (1)
Blue
(B)
0.2 (1)
0.7 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.5 (2)
0.0 (0)
0.9 (2)
Table III
Tabulation of responses made by 86 color normal and 34 color deficient subjects to “hidden-digit” charts on the Ishihara and AO tests.
These are the actual responses made by the subjects. Responses marked with a single asterisk are “normal” responses according to the test manuals; those marked with a double asterisk are supposed to be read only by the color deficient.
Table IV
Intercorrelations between scores earned on six color vision tests by 34 color deficient (uppermost entry in each block), 86 color normal (middle entry), and and by all subjects (lowest entry).
Ishihara plates
Meyrowitz plates
Boström plates
B-K plates
All plates
RCN lantern
AO plates
+0.75
+0.70
+0.65
+0.44
+0.91
+0.37
+0.54
+0.21
+0.56
+0.47
+0.86
—
+0.99
+0.96
+0.96
+0.98
+0.995
+0.87
Ishihara plates
+0.68
+0.61
+0.32
+0.84
+0.36
+0.14
+0.52
+0.64
+0.78
—
+0.96
+0.95
+0.98
+0.99
+0.87
Meyrowitz plates
+0.62
+0.52
+0.87
+0.29
+0.28
+0.19
+0.45
—
+0.94
+0.95
+0.97
+0.85
Boström plates
+0.50
+0.80
+0.31
+0.43
+0.76
—
+0.95
+0.97
+0.84
B-K plates
+0.64
−0.14
+0.70
—
+0.99
+0.84
All plates
+0.32
—
+0.87
Table V
Responses made by 86 color normal and 34 color deficient subjects to plates which are common to the AO and Ishihara tests.
AO plates
Ishihara plates
Plate No.
Subjects’ responses
Color normal
Color deficient
Color normal
Color deficient
AO
Ish.
5
2
3
21
29
8
86
13
86
4
9
1
6
3
5
24
29
6
86
10
86
5
11
4
20
9
5
2
3
28
1
29
75
82
30
1
59
2
70
29
30
79
1
12
5
5–
1
27
2
33
1
35
14
7
37
1
53
2
1
55
12
16
57
84
6
86
6
85
1
19
6
2
34
34
5
86
86
20
7
3
85
82
1
5
34
29
6
4
8
1
4
35
26
—
32
1
27
Line
86
2
85
7
36
29
—
9
32
16
34
Line
77
2
70
41
8
15
86
1
86
17
32
34
□
1
42
9
21
29
2
33
24
1
1
1
71
9
4
27
74
77
56
Table VI
Responses made by 86 color normal and 34 color deficient subjects to plates which are common to the AO and Meyrowitz tests.
Plate No.
AO plates
Meyrowitz plates
AO
M
Subjects’ responses
Color normal
Color deficient
Color normal
Color deficient
2
8
—
1
–3
1
43
80
27
75
30
46
2
48
6
3
11
4
13
4
—
17
22
8–
2
9–
1
36
2
1
86
86
11
85
3
88
1
96
1
1
7
18
3
—
25
22
–2
1
–8
1
2–
1
15
1
25
1
28
1
36
1
56
1
63
1
66
1
1
68
86
6
86
3
86
1
28
5
—
33
3
–3
1
42
1
43
68
1
66
19
45
1
48
18
19
10
31
7
—
10
12
5–
3
6–
1
32
1
37
1
52
77
13
61
8
55
1
57
3
2
58
1
1
59
3
1
1
62
5
1
22
3
65
1
67
6
69
1
82
1
44
6
—
1
33
32
68
3
74
1
88
1
92
1
1
93
3
1
98
78
84
1
Table VII
Responses made by 86 color normal and 34 color deficient subjects to AO plates not listed in Tables III, V, and VI.
Plate No.
Subjects’ responses
Color normal
Color deficient
1
—
6
–0
1
3–
1
30
2
39
4
69
1
80
8
86
1
88
1
89
86
9
3
–6
3
36
5
56
86
21
66
2
86
2
96
1
4
—
6
2–
1
26
1
27
86
23
86
1
87
1
91
1
7
—
19
25
1
28
1
29
2
32
1
36
1
39
44
1
89
42
7
90
1
8
—
22
–2
1
–9
1
22
1
28
1
42
85
6
62
1
72
1
78
1
—
16
–6
6
36
1
56
85
9
58
1
66
1
96
1
10
—
30
27
86
4
14
—
31
25
2
75
81
1
76
5
15
—
8
7
86
26
16
—
8
9
86
26
17
—
26
25
86
4
26
3
29
1
21
—
26
96
4
97
86
4
22
—
28
3–
1
24
1
34
82
4
36
1
84
3
23
—
28
–6
3
36
3
56
85
86
1
24
—
30
–7
1
22
2
27
83
1
29
1
41
1
85
1
27
—
32
54
1
85
1
86
1
89
85
29
—
29
–6
1
8–
1
38
1
86
85
2
96
1
30
—
1
33
15
1
25
4
75
79
76
2
32
—
3
96
86
31
37
—
9
– –2
1
–52
4
–62
2
–92
1
002
1
052
79
2
062
2
752
2
762
1
852
1
952
3
9
962
1
2
38
—
7
–9–
1
–94
11
294
2
3
394
48
4
694
1
894
36
7
39
—
2
33
23
57
25
1
28
26
98
1
40
—
3
34
6–
1
65
81
66
1
43
—
1
31
–6
1
17
1
27
1
44
1
46
1
1
47
81
49
1
Table VIII
Responses made by 86 color normal and 34 color deficient subjects to Ishihara plates not listed in Tables III and V.
Plate No.
Subjects’ responses
Color normal
Color deficient
10
—
33
2
86
1
11
—
33
6
85
1
8
1
12
—
21
13
1
15
6
27
2
31
1
37
3
1
57
2
1
87
15
91
1
97
65
1
13
—
25
10
1
15
3
19
1
28
1
29
1
45
84
46
2
2
14
—
31
5
86
3
15
—
32
7
85
2
9
1
16
—
31
15
1
16
82
18
2
35
3
46
1
17
—
34
19
1
23
8
29
1
73
63
75
2
78
6
79
5
22
—
1
–6
2
–8
6
2–
18
8–
1
9–
1
26
84
4
28
2
66
1
23
—
1
–2
7
–9
1
4–
20
42
86
5
24
—
2
–3
1
–5
8
3–
6
5–
5
8–
4
9–
3
33
1
35
86
1
39
1
45
1
85
1
25
—
3
–5
2
–6
8
3–
3
8–
3
9–
12
36
1
96
86
2
27
—
10
33
Line
76
1
28
—
1
34
Line
85
Table IX
Responses made by 86 color normal and 34 color deficient subjects to Meyrowitz plates not listed in Table VI.
Plate No.
Subjects’ responses
Color normal
Color deficient
9
6
86
30
8
4
10
—
3
15
7
83
18
9
1
11
—
29
L
86
3
22
1
32
1
12
—
27
B
1
L
86
5
6
1
13
8
86
34
14
—
34
65
81
66
5
15
—
9
3
1
5
86
23
6
1
16
—
4
6
86
29
16
1
17
—
4
–4
1
3–
8
8–
2
24
1
33
1
34
86
11
36
1
84
5
18
—
2
–2
1
–Z
11
B–
1
32
1
57
1
82
2
87
1
92
2
97
1
2Z
2
B2
1
BZ
1
2
RZ
85
5
SZ
1
19
34
1
64
1
014
4
314
2
614
10
OH
3
6H
1
CH
81
8
GH
1
1
C14
3
3
CL4
1
20
—
15
3
86
6
8
13
21
2
32
8
86
2
29
5
86
33
6
1
30
53
1
58
85
33
168
1
31
45
84
32
46
2
65
2
32
92
86
34
33
—
5
2
1
42
10
1
43
3
48
1
49
68
31
Table X
Responses made by 86 color normal and 34 color deficient subjects to the Boström plates. (Responses of another group of 34 color normal and 5 color deficient are shown in parentheses.)
Plate No.
Subjects’ responses
Color normal
Color deficient
1
3
78 (33)
26 (5)
8
8 (1)
8
2
6
86 (34)
34 (5)
3
—
1 (1)
24 (4)
2
84 (33)
7 (1)
8
2
9
1
1
4
—
(3)
25 (5)
3
1
5
86 (31)
8
5
—
22 (3)
3
80 (29)
3 (2)
8
6 (5)
9
6
—
24 (3)
6
86 (34)
9 (2)
8
1
7
—
2 (5)
24 (5)
6–
2
32
1
62
81 (28)
6
66
1
68
1
69
1
82
1 (1)
8
—
1 (5)
28 (5)
25
(1)
45
1
58
1
65
1
85
1
93
2 (1)
3
95
79 (27)
98
1
99
1
∃–
1
9
—
1 (3)
31 (5)
9–
1
00
1
06
(1)
08
2 (1)
62
2
66
1
68
57 (18)
2
80
1
88
21 (11)
10
—
8 (12)
33 (5)
–9
1
3
1
34
1
38
1
39
40 (14)
60
1
69
2 (1)
80
2 (2)
84
1
89
28 (5)
99
1
11
—
(2)
30 (3)
2
86 (32)
2
8
1 (2)
29
1
12
—
(1)
28 (4)
5
86 (33)
5 (1)
6
1
Table XI
Responses made by 86 color normal and 34 color deficient subjects to the Boström-Kugelberg plates. (Responses of another group of 34 color normal and 5 color deficient are shown in parentheses.)
Plate No.
Subjects’ responses
Color normal
Color deficient
1
—
28 (5)
2
86 (34)
4
3
1
9
1
2
—
28 (3)
8
86 (34)
6 (2)
3
—
(1)
32 (5)
3
1
5
85 (33)
1
X
1
4
—
29 (4)
2
(1)
7
86 (34)
3
23
1
35
1
5
—
31 (4)
4
86 (34)
3
6
(1)
6
—
29 (3)
3
86 (34)
1 (1)
8
4 (1)
9
—
2 (1)
33 (4)
0
82 (33)
6
(1)
25
1
♢
2
10
—
15 (2)
2
1
3
81 (34)
10 (1)
5
1
8
4
5 (2)
9
2
S
1
11
—
25 (3)
2
(1)
4
86 (34)
8 (1)
6
1
12
—
3 (1)
22 (3)
3
5
6
1
8
5 (3)
2 (2)
9
78 (30)
3
23
1
13
—
29 (4)
5
86 (34)
4 (1)
7
1
14
—
(1)
32 (4)
0
1
5
1
8
2
9
84 (33)
(1)
16
—
25 (3)
5
(1)
6
80 (30)
5
8
6 (3)
4 (1)
9
(1)
17
—
32 (5)
2
86 (34)
2
18
—
32 (3)
0
1
6
85 (34)
1 (2)
8
1
19
—
9
34
Line
77
20
—
13
34
Line
73
Tables (11)
Table I
Equivalent plates in the American Optical Company, Ishihara, Meyrowitz, and Stilling tests of color vision.
These charts were not used in this study.
This test was not used in this study.
Table II
Tabulation of responses made to each colored light in the Royal Canadian Navy color vision test lantern by 86 color normal and 34 color deficient subjects, of whom 12 were classified protano and 19 deuterano. (The entries are percentages; entries in parentheses are actual frequencies. Each subject was presented with each test color 12 times.)
Small apertures
Large apertures
Test color
Subject’s responses
Color normal
All color deficient
Protano’s
Deuterano’s
Color normal
All color deficient
Protano’s
Deuterano’s
G
Green
(G)
96.8 (999)
65.2 (266)
49.3 (71)
75.4 (172)
93.8 (968)
68.6 (280)
56.2 (81)
75.9 (173)
Greenish-blue
(GB)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.2 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.4 (1)
Bluish-green
(BG)
0.3 (3)
0.7 (3)
0.0 (0)
1.3 (3)
0.6 (6)
1.7 (7)
1.4 (2)
2.2 (5)
Blue
(B)
2.9 (30)
1.7 (7)
2.8 (4)
1.3 (3)
5.6 (58)
6.4 (26)
0.0 (0)
11.4 (26)
White
(W)
15.7 (64)
16.0 (23)
14.0 (32)
22.3 (91)
41.0 (59)
9.6 (22)
Yellow
(Y)
8.1 (33)
20.1 (29)
1.8 (4)
0.5 (2)
1.4 (2)
0.0 (0)
Amber
(A)
0.2 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.4 (1)
0.2 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.4 (1)
Reddish-yellow
(RY)
0.2 (1)
0.7 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
Red
(R)
8.1 (33)
11.1 (16)
5.7 (13)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
R
Red
(R)
100.0 (1032)
97.8 (399)
97.2 (140)
98.7 (225)
100.0 (1032)
98.5 (402)
100.0 (144)
97.4 (222)
Yellow
(Y)
0.5 (2)
0.0 (0)
0.9 (2)
1.0 (4)
0.0 (0)
1.8 (4)
White
(W)
0.2 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.4 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
Green
(G)
0.5 (2)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.2 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.4 (1)
Blue
(B)
0.7 (3)
2.1 (3)
0.0 (0)
0.2 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.4 (1)
Nothing
(—)
0.2 (1)
0.7 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
W
White
(W)
48.5 (501)
23.8 (97)
20.8 (30)
24.6 (56)
56.5 (583)
27.7 (113)
25.0 (36)
27.2 (62)
Whitish-yellow
(WY)
0.3 (3)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
Yellowish-white
(YW)
0.2 (2)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.6 (6)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
Yellow
(Y)
39.4 (407)
16.4 (67)
26.4 (38)
12.3 (28)
34.8 (359)
17.9 (73)
25.0 (36)
14.9 (34)
Orange-yellow
(OY)
0.1 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
Yellow-orange
(YO)
0.7 (7)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.1 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
Orange
(O)
4.4 (45)
3.2 (13)
0.7 (1)
5.3 (12)
2.5 (26)
4.9 (20)
0.7 (1)
7.0 (16)
Amber
(A)
6.4 (66)
3.4 (14)
0.0 (0)
6.1 (14)
5.5 (57)
4.2 (17)
0.0 (0)
7.5 (17)
Reddish-yellow
(RY)
0.2 (1)
0.7 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
Pink
(P)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
2.9 (12)
0.0 (0)
5.3 (12)
Brown
(Br)
0.7 (3)
0.0 (0)
1.3 (3)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
Red
(R)
26.0 (106)
16.7 (24)
30.3 (69)
11.5 (47)
8.3 (12)
11.0 (25)
Green
(G)
25.5 (104)
34.0 (49)
19.3 (44)
30.1 (123)
41.0 (59)
25.9 (59)
Greenish-blue
(GB)
0.2 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.4 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
0.0 (0)
Bluish-green
(BG)
0.2 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.4 (1)
0.2 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.4 (1)
Blue
(B)
0.2 (1)
0.7 (1)
0.0 (0)
0.5 (2)
0.0 (0)
0.9 (2)
Table III
Tabulation of responses made by 86 color normal and 34 color deficient subjects to “hidden-digit” charts on the Ishihara and AO tests.
These are the actual responses made by the subjects. Responses marked with a single asterisk are “normal” responses according to the test manuals; those marked with a double asterisk are supposed to be read only by the color deficient.
Table IV
Intercorrelations between scores earned on six color vision tests by 34 color deficient (uppermost entry in each block), 86 color normal (middle entry), and and by all subjects (lowest entry).
Ishihara plates
Meyrowitz plates
Boström plates
B-K plates
All plates
RCN lantern
AO plates
+0.75
+0.70
+0.65
+0.44
+0.91
+0.37
+0.54
+0.21
+0.56
+0.47
+0.86
—
+0.99
+0.96
+0.96
+0.98
+0.995
+0.87
Ishihara plates
+0.68
+0.61
+0.32
+0.84
+0.36
+0.14
+0.52
+0.64
+0.78
—
+0.96
+0.95
+0.98
+0.99
+0.87
Meyrowitz plates
+0.62
+0.52
+0.87
+0.29
+0.28
+0.19
+0.45
—
+0.94
+0.95
+0.97
+0.85
Boström plates
+0.50
+0.80
+0.31
+0.43
+0.76
—
+0.95
+0.97
+0.84
B-K plates
+0.64
−0.14
+0.70
—
+0.99
+0.84
All plates
+0.32
—
+0.87
Table V
Responses made by 86 color normal and 34 color deficient subjects to plates which are common to the AO and Ishihara tests.
AO plates
Ishihara plates
Plate No.
Subjects’ responses
Color normal
Color deficient
Color normal
Color deficient
AO
Ish.
5
2
3
21
29
8
86
13
86
4
9
1
6
3
5
24
29
6
86
10
86
5
11
4
20
9
5
2
3
28
1
29
75
82
30
1
59
2
70
29
30
79
1
12
5
5–
1
27
2
33
1
35
14
7
37
1
53
2
1
55
12
16
57
84
6
86
6
85
1
19
6
2
34
34
5
86
86
20
7
3
85
82
1
5
34
29
6
4
8
1
4
35
26
—
32
1
27
Line
86
2
85
7
36
29
—
9
32
16
34
Line
77
2
70
41
8
15
86
1
86
17
32
34
□
1
42
9
21
29
2
33
24
1
1
1
71
9
4
27
74
77
56
Table VI
Responses made by 86 color normal and 34 color deficient subjects to plates which are common to the AO and Meyrowitz tests.
Plate No.
AO plates
Meyrowitz plates
AO
M
Subjects’ responses
Color normal
Color deficient
Color normal
Color deficient
2
8
—
1
–3
1
43
80
27
75
30
46
2
48
6
3
11
4
13
4
—
17
22
8–
2
9–
1
36
2
1
86
86
11
85
3
88
1
96
1
1
7
18
3
—
25
22
–2
1
–8
1
2–
1
15
1
25
1
28
1
36
1
56
1
63
1
66
1
1
68
86
6
86
3
86
1
28
5
—
33
3
–3
1
42
1
43
68
1
66
19
45
1
48
18
19
10
31
7
—
10
12
5–
3
6–
1
32
1
37
1
52
77
13
61
8
55
1
57
3
2
58
1
1
59
3
1
1
62
5
1
22
3
65
1
67
6
69
1
82
1
44
6
—
1
33
32
68
3
74
1
88
1
92
1
1
93
3
1
98
78
84
1
Table VII
Responses made by 86 color normal and 34 color deficient subjects to AO plates not listed in Tables III, V, and VI.
Plate No.
Subjects’ responses
Color normal
Color deficient
1
—
6
–0
1
3–
1
30
2
39
4
69
1
80
8
86
1
88
1
89
86
9
3
–6
3
36
5
56
86
21
66
2
86
2
96
1
4
—
6
2–
1
26
1
27
86
23
86
1
87
1
91
1
7
—
19
25
1
28
1
29
2
32
1
36
1
39
44
1
89
42
7
90
1
8
—
22
–2
1
–9
1
22
1
28
1
42
85
6
62
1
72
1
78
1
—
16
–6
6
36
1
56
85
9
58
1
66
1
96
1
10
—
30
27
86
4
14
—
31
25
2
75
81
1
76
5
15
—
8
7
86
26
16
—
8
9
86
26
17
—
26
25
86
4
26
3
29
1
21
—
26
96
4
97
86
4
22
—
28
3–
1
24
1
34
82
4
36
1
84
3
23
—
28
–6
3
36
3
56
85
86
1
24
—
30
–7
1
22
2
27
83
1
29
1
41
1
85
1
27
—
32
54
1
85
1
86
1
89
85
29
—
29
–6
1
8–
1
38
1
86
85
2
96
1
30
—
1
33
15
1
25
4
75
79
76
2
32
—
3
96
86
31
37
—
9
– –2
1
–52
4
–62
2
–92
1
002
1
052
79
2
062
2
752
2
762
1
852
1
952
3
9
962
1
2
38
—
7
–9–
1
–94
11
294
2
3
394
48
4
694
1
894
36
7
39
—
2
33
23
57
25
1
28
26
98
1
40
—
3
34
6–
1
65
81
66
1
43
—
1
31
–6
1
17
1
27
1
44
1
46
1
1
47
81
49
1
Table VIII
Responses made by 86 color normal and 34 color deficient subjects to Ishihara plates not listed in Tables III and V.
Plate No.
Subjects’ responses
Color normal
Color deficient
10
—
33
2
86
1
11
—
33
6
85
1
8
1
12
—
21
13
1
15
6
27
2
31
1
37
3
1
57
2
1
87
15
91
1
97
65
1
13
—
25
10
1
15
3
19
1
28
1
29
1
45
84
46
2
2
14
—
31
5
86
3
15
—
32
7
85
2
9
1
16
—
31
15
1
16
82
18
2
35
3
46
1
17
—
34
19
1
23
8
29
1
73
63
75
2
78
6
79
5
22
—
1
–6
2
–8
6
2–
18
8–
1
9–
1
26
84
4
28
2
66
1
23
—
1
–2
7
–9
1
4–
20
42
86
5
24
—
2
–3
1
–5
8
3–
6
5–
5
8–
4
9–
3
33
1
35
86
1
39
1
45
1
85
1
25
—
3
–5
2
–6
8
3–
3
8–
3
9–
12
36
1
96
86
2
27
—
10
33
Line
76
1
28
—
1
34
Line
85
Table IX
Responses made by 86 color normal and 34 color deficient subjects to Meyrowitz plates not listed in Table VI.
Plate No.
Subjects’ responses
Color normal
Color deficient
9
6
86
30
8
4
10
—
3
15
7
83
18
9
1
11
—
29
L
86
3
22
1
32
1
12
—
27
B
1
L
86
5
6
1
13
8
86
34
14
—
34
65
81
66
5
15
—
9
3
1
5
86
23
6
1
16
—
4
6
86
29
16
1
17
—
4
–4
1
3–
8
8–
2
24
1
33
1
34
86
11
36
1
84
5
18
—
2
–2
1
–Z
11
B–
1
32
1
57
1
82
2
87
1
92
2
97
1
2Z
2
B2
1
BZ
1
2
RZ
85
5
SZ
1
19
34
1
64
1
014
4
314
2
614
10
OH
3
6H
1
CH
81
8
GH
1
1
C14
3
3
CL4
1
20
—
15
3
86
6
8
13
21
2
32
8
86
2
29
5
86
33
6
1
30
53
1
58
85
33
168
1
31
45
84
32
46
2
65
2
32
92
86
34
33
—
5
2
1
42
10
1
43
3
48
1
49
68
31
Table X
Responses made by 86 color normal and 34 color deficient subjects to the Boström plates. (Responses of another group of 34 color normal and 5 color deficient are shown in parentheses.)
Plate No.
Subjects’ responses
Color normal
Color deficient
1
3
78 (33)
26 (5)
8
8 (1)
8
2
6
86 (34)
34 (5)
3
—
1 (1)
24 (4)
2
84 (33)
7 (1)
8
2
9
1
1
4
—
(3)
25 (5)
3
1
5
86 (31)
8
5
—
22 (3)
3
80 (29)
3 (2)
8
6 (5)
9
6
—
24 (3)
6
86 (34)
9 (2)
8
1
7
—
2 (5)
24 (5)
6–
2
32
1
62
81 (28)
6
66
1
68
1
69
1
82
1 (1)
8
—
1 (5)
28 (5)
25
(1)
45
1
58
1
65
1
85
1
93
2 (1)
3
95
79 (27)
98
1
99
1
∃–
1
9
—
1 (3)
31 (5)
9–
1
00
1
06
(1)
08
2 (1)
62
2
66
1
68
57 (18)
2
80
1
88
21 (11)
10
—
8 (12)
33 (5)
–9
1
3
1
34
1
38
1
39
40 (14)
60
1
69
2 (1)
80
2 (2)
84
1
89
28 (5)
99
1
11
—
(2)
30 (3)
2
86 (32)
2
8
1 (2)
29
1
12
—
(1)
28 (4)
5
86 (33)
5 (1)
6
1
Table XI
Responses made by 86 color normal and 34 color deficient subjects to the Boström-Kugelberg plates. (Responses of another group of 34 color normal and 5 color deficient are shown in parentheses.)
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