Fred H. Perrin and J. H. Altman, "Studies in the Resolving Power of Photographic Emulsions. III. The Effect of the Relative Aperture of the Camera Lens on the Measured Value*," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 41, 1038-1047 (1951)
It was found experimentally that, as the relative aperture of the camera lens increases, the lens being substantially “perfect,” the measured value of the resolving power of an emulsion used with it also increases but eventually attains a maximum and then decreases. It is proposed to call this maximum the “maximum lenticular” resolving power of the emulsion. A hypothetical relation is derived for predicting the measured resolving power of a lens-emulsion combination for the maximum lenticular resolving power of the emulsion and the resolving power of the lens on the Rayleigh criterion, assuming the lens to be “perfect.”
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Relative to unity for an extended field of uniform illuminance except as otherwise specified.
At a separation of 1/328 mm, the Rayleigh limit.
A very slight secondary maximum appearing between the principal maxima makes it impossible to specify the position of any unique minimum. As the pattern becomes finer, the three peaks degenerate into two and eventually into one.
Relative to unity for a single point or line at its maximum.
Table II
Plates used to study resolving power as a function of the aperture of the camera lens. The developer formulas and development times are also given, as well as the values of resolving power obtained with the f/5 camera when the luminance ratio in the test object is practically infinite.
Development
Resolving power (lines/mm)
Plate
Kodak formulas
Time (min)
Eastman Spectroscopic, Type 548-GH
D-8
1
300
Kodalith Ortho
Kodalith (improved)
2
240
Eastman Spectroscopic, Type V-G
D-19
3
165
Eastman Spectroscopic, Type IV-G
D-19
2
130
Wratten Metallographic
D-19
3
115
Kodak 50
D-19
3
75
Table III
Characteristics of objectives used for measuring resolving power as a function of the aperture of the camera lens. The values of resolving power are for λ=546 mμ.
Corrected for tube length of infinity.
Stopped down from N.A.=0.85.
Weak negative lens added to compensate for excessive conjugate distance.
Table IV
“Maximum lenticular” resolution in lines per millimeter of selected emulsions compared with the values obtained with a highly corrected f/5 camera when the luminance ratio in the object is 1000 or more.
Relative to unity for an extended field of uniform illuminance except as otherwise specified.
At a separation of 1/328 mm, the Rayleigh limit.
A very slight secondary maximum appearing between the principal maxima makes it impossible to specify the position of any unique minimum. As the pattern becomes finer, the three peaks degenerate into two and eventually into one.
Relative to unity for a single point or line at its maximum.
Table II
Plates used to study resolving power as a function of the aperture of the camera lens. The developer formulas and development times are also given, as well as the values of resolving power obtained with the f/5 camera when the luminance ratio in the test object is practically infinite.
Development
Resolving power (lines/mm)
Plate
Kodak formulas
Time (min)
Eastman Spectroscopic, Type 548-GH
D-8
1
300
Kodalith Ortho
Kodalith (improved)
2
240
Eastman Spectroscopic, Type V-G
D-19
3
165
Eastman Spectroscopic, Type IV-G
D-19
2
130
Wratten Metallographic
D-19
3
115
Kodak 50
D-19
3
75
Table III
Characteristics of objectives used for measuring resolving power as a function of the aperture of the camera lens. The values of resolving power are for λ=546 mμ.
Corrected for tube length of infinity.
Stopped down from N.A.=0.85.
Weak negative lens added to compensate for excessive conjugate distance.
Table IV
“Maximum lenticular” resolution in lines per millimeter of selected emulsions compared with the values obtained with a highly corrected f/5 camera when the luminance ratio in the object is 1000 or more.
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