Subtractive Color Photography: Spectral Sensitivities and Masks*

W. T. Hanson; W. L. Brewer

doi:10.1364/JOSA.45.000476

Journal of the Optical Society of America
Vol. 45,
Issue 6,
pp. 476-481
(1955)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.45.000476

Subtractive Color Photography: Spectral Sensitivities and Masks

W. T. Hanson and W. L. Brewer

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W. T. Hanson and W. L. Brewer, "Subtractive Color Photography: Spectral Sensitivities and Masks*," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 45, 476-481 (1955)

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Abstract

In linear photographic masking theory it is assumed that the cyan, magenta, and yellow dyes in the processed film are deposited in amounts which are linear functions of the logarithm of each of the red, green, and blue exposures. Metameric pairs of colors will be reproduced alike in the photographic process only if the spectral sensitivities of the red-, green-, and blue-exposure emulsions conform to a set of visual color-mixture curves. Optimum colorimetric reproduction is obtained through utilization of the combination of color-mixture curves and photographic masks, relating dye amounts to exposure, which minimize colorimetric reproduction errors.

It is shown that significant changes in the choice of color-mixture curves may be largely compensated for by corresponding changes in the masks. Optimum choices of masks depend in part upon the gamut of colors to be reproduced. Emulsion spectral sensitivities departing from color-mixture curves may also yield essentially equivalent colorimetric reproduction provided that the masks are suitably chosen.

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Number		Description
1	Flesh
2	White	Clothing of high reflectance
3	Green	Grass, leaves, or clothing
4	Red	Brick, clothing, or paint
5	Blue	Sky
6	Brown	Hair or clothing
7	Gray	Concrete or clothing
8	White	Paint of medium high reflectance
9	Yellow	Flowers or clothing
10	Light blue	Clothing
11	Black	Clothing or paint
12	Pink	Clothing or flowers
13	Blue-green	Water or clothing
14	Blond	Hair
15	Natural wood
16	Sand
17	Orange	Clothing or flowers
18	Peach	Clothing
19	Cream	Clothing
20	Lavender	Flowers

Numbers tabulated correspond to $\begin{array}{l} g_{10} g_{11} g_{12} g_{13} \\ g_{20} g_{21} g_{22} g_{23} \\ g_{30} g_{31} g_{32} g_{33} \end{array}$ where $\begin{array}{l} c = g_{10} + g_{11} D_{r} + g_{12} D_{g} + g_{13} D_{b} \\ m = g_{20} + g_{21} D_{r} + g_{22} D_{g} + g_{23} D_{b} \\ y = g_{30} + g_{31} D_{r} + g_{32} D_{g} + g_{33} D_{b} \end{array}$
	Color Set 1 (natural objects)				Color Set 2 (natural objects)				Color Set 3 (dye combinations)
Sensitivities 1 (CIE mixture curves)	0.027	3.619	−2.338	−0.297	0.014	3.719	−2.369	−0.335	0.187	4.477	−2.759	−0.605
	−0.009	−3.585	4.753	−0.162	−0.003	−3.692	4.880	−0.198	−0.059	−3.299	4.285	0.021
	−0.006	0.498	−1.459	1.969	−0.004	0.484	−1.467	1.992	−0.021	0.074	−1.107	2.013
	σ_c=0.056 σ_m=0.057 σ_y=0.034				σ_c=0.036 σ_m=0.050 σ_y=0.018				σ_c=0.242 σ_m=0.169 σ_y=0.081
Sensitivities 2 (Primaries 620, 530, 455mμ)	0.003	1.783	−0.884	0.109	0.005	1.719	−0.831	0.112	−0.019	1.930	−1.112	0.270
	0.004	−0.685	2.118	−0.441	−0.001	−0.626	2.071	−0.443	0.041	−0.656	2.140	−0.521
	−0.005	−0.249	−0.628	1.884	−0.004	−0.263	−0.624	1.894	−0.020	−0.321	−0.562	1.890
	σ_c=0.036 σ_m=0.023 σ_y=0.008				σ_c=0.052 σ_m=0.032 σ_y=0.005:				σ_c=0.177 σ_m=0.102 σ_y=0.027
Sensitivities 3 (Block-dye primaries)	−0.018	1.328	−0.378	0.067	−0.001	1.442	−0.593	0.153	−0.044	1.215	−0.298	0.096
	0.007	−0.169	1.327	−0.180	−0.003	−0.405	1.796	−0.392	−0.012	−0.245	1.382	−0.214
	−0.001	−0.326	−0.392	1.730	−0.003	−0.271	−0.529	1.807	−0.004	−0.267	−0.431	1.736
	σ_c=0.026 σ_m=0.068 σ_y=0.030				σ_c=0.014 σ_m=0.011 σ_y=0.005				σ_c=0.138 σ_m=0.177 σ_y=0.076
Sensitivities 4 (Positive portions Monochromatic primaries)	0.010	1.929	−1.022	0.096	0.008	1.910	−1.036	0.127	0.017	2.247	−1.431	0.259
	0.002	−0.856	2.365	−0.513	0.000	−0.860	2.429	−0.566	0.033	−0.889	2.486	−0.602
	−0.006	−0.228	−0.740	1.976	−0.005	−0.234	−0.741	1.982	−0.016	−0.327	−0.660	1.987
	σ_c=0.038 σ_m=0.018 σ_y=0.009				σ_c=0.045 σ_m=0.009 σ_y=0.005				σ_c=0.162 σ_m=0.075 σ_y=0.037
Sensitivities 5 (Positive portions Block-dye primaries)	0.009	1.691	−0.747	0.058	0.009	1.711	−0.808	0.101	0.008	1.889	−1.029	0.188
	0.002	−0.635	2.106	−0.473	0.000	−0.680	2.229	−0.547	0.029	−0.686	2.240	−0.552
	−0.006	−0.254	−0.696	1.957	−0.006	−0.252	−0.712	1.970	−0.014	−0.306	−0.662	1.973
	σ_c=0.025 σ_m=0.018 σ_y=0.005				σ_c=0.037 σ_m=0.006 σ_y=0.007				σ_c=0.111 σ_m=0.056 σ_y=0.027
Sensitivities 6 (“Real sensitivities”)	0.005	1.421	−0.380	−0.034	0.010	1.438	−0.444	0.010	0.009	1.610	−0.618	0.076
	0.007	−0.494	1.902	−0.414	−0.001	−0.656	2.153	−0.492	0.064	−0.584	2.186	−0.661
	−0.031	−0.221	−0.632	1.867	−0.013	−0.134	−0.678	1.804	−0.060	−0.392	−0.666	2.276
	σ_c=0.034 σ_m=0.026 σ_y=0.048				σ_c=0.060 σ_m=0.021 σ_y=0.090				σ_c=0.107 σ_m=0.089 σ_y=0.043

Number		Description
1	Flesh
2	White	Clothing of high reflectance
3	Green	Grass, leaves, or clothing
4	Red	Brick, clothing, or paint
5	Blue	Sky
6	Brown	Hair or clothing
7	Gray	Concrete or clothing
8	White	Paint of medium high reflectance
9	Yellow	Flowers or clothing
10	Light blue	Clothing
11	Black	Clothing or paint
12	Pink	Clothing or flowers
13	Blue-green	Water or clothing
14	Blond	Hair
15	Natural wood
16	Sand
17	Orange	Clothing or flowers
18	Peach	Clothing
19	Cream	Clothing
20	Lavender	Flowers

Numbers tabulated correspond to $\begin{array}{l} g_{10} g_{11} g_{12} g_{13} \\ g_{20} g_{21} g_{22} g_{23} \\ g_{30} g_{31} g_{32} g_{33} \end{array}$ where $\begin{array}{l} c = g_{10} + g_{11} D_{r} + g_{12} D_{g} + g_{13} D_{b} \\ m = g_{20} + g_{21} D_{r} + g_{22} D_{g} + g_{23} D_{b} \\ y = g_{30} + g_{31} D_{r} + g_{32} D_{g} + g_{33} D_{b} \end{array}$
	Color Set 1 (natural objects)				Color Set 2 (natural objects)				Color Set 3 (dye combinations)
Sensitivities 1 (CIE mixture curves)	0.027	3.619	−2.338	−0.297	0.014	3.719	−2.369	−0.335	0.187	4.477	−2.759	−0.605
	−0.009	−3.585	4.753	−0.162	−0.003	−3.692	4.880	−0.198	−0.059	−3.299	4.285	0.021
	−0.006	0.498	−1.459	1.969	−0.004	0.484	−1.467	1.992	−0.021	0.074	−1.107	2.013
	σ_c=0.056 σ_m=0.057 σ_y=0.034				σ_c=0.036 σ_m=0.050 σ_y=0.018				σ_c=0.242 σ_m=0.169 σ_y=0.081
Sensitivities 2 (Primaries 620, 530, 455mμ)	0.003	1.783	−0.884	0.109	0.005	1.719	−0.831	0.112	−0.019	1.930	−1.112	0.270
	0.004	−0.685	2.118	−0.441	−0.001	−0.626	2.071	−0.443	0.041	−0.656	2.140	−0.521
	−0.005	−0.249	−0.628	1.884	−0.004	−0.263	−0.624	1.894	−0.020	−0.321	−0.562	1.890
	σ_c=0.036 σ_m=0.023 σ_y=0.008				σ_c=0.052 σ_m=0.032 σ_y=0.005:				σ_c=0.177 σ_m=0.102 σ_y=0.027
Sensitivities 3 (Block-dye primaries)	−0.018	1.328	−0.378	0.067	−0.001	1.442	−0.593	0.153	−0.044	1.215	−0.298	0.096
	0.007	−0.169	1.327	−0.180	−0.003	−0.405	1.796	−0.392	−0.012	−0.245	1.382	−0.214
	−0.001	−0.326	−0.392	1.730	−0.003	−0.271	−0.529	1.807	−0.004	−0.267	−0.431	1.736
	σ_c=0.026 σ_m=0.068 σ_y=0.030				σ_c=0.014 σ_m=0.011 σ_y=0.005				σ_c=0.138 σ_m=0.177 σ_y=0.076
Sensitivities 4 (Positive portions Monochromatic primaries)	0.010	1.929	−1.022	0.096	0.008	1.910	−1.036	0.127	0.017	2.247	−1.431	0.259
	0.002	−0.856	2.365	−0.513	0.000	−0.860	2.429	−0.566	0.033	−0.889	2.486	−0.602
	−0.006	−0.228	−0.740	1.976	−0.005	−0.234	−0.741	1.982	−0.016	−0.327	−0.660	1.987
	σ_c=0.038 σ_m=0.018 σ_y=0.009				σ_c=0.045 σ_m=0.009 σ_y=0.005				σ_c=0.162 σ_m=0.075 σ_y=0.037
Sensitivities 5 (Positive portions Block-dye primaries)	0.009	1.691	−0.747	0.058	0.009	1.711	−0.808	0.101	0.008	1.889	−1.029	0.188
	0.002	−0.635	2.106	−0.473	0.000	−0.680	2.229	−0.547	0.029	−0.686	2.240	−0.552
	−0.006	−0.254	−0.696	1.957	−0.006	−0.252	−0.712	1.970	−0.014	−0.306	−0.662	1.973
	σ_c=0.025 σ_m=0.018 σ_y=0.005				σ_c=0.037 σ_m=0.006 σ_y=0.007				σ_c=0.111 σ_m=0.056 σ_y=0.027
Sensitivities 6 (“Real sensitivities”)	0.005	1.421	−0.380	−0.034	0.010	1.438	−0.444	0.010	0.009	1.610	−0.618	0.076
	0.007	−0.494	1.902	−0.414	−0.001	−0.656	2.153	−0.492	0.064	−0.584	2.186	−0.661
	−0.031	−0.221	−0.632	1.867	−0.013	−0.134	−0.678	1.804	−0.060	−0.392	−0.666	2.276
	σ_c=0.034 σ_m=0.026 σ_y=0.048				σ_c=0.060 σ_m=0.021 σ_y=0.090				σ_c=0.107 σ_m=0.089 σ_y=0.043

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Equations (6)

Journal of the Optical Society of America