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Skew Astigmatism at Toric Surfaces, with Special Reference to Spectacle Lenses

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Abstract

Sturm’s relations governing the behavior of thin pencils of rays is applied to skew refraction at toric surfaces. The general relations are simplified and an estimate of the resulting error is derived. Exact results are presented for the 45° intermediate plane trace at 30° vista angle in a −4.00-diopter sphere combined with a 4.00-diopter convex cylinder toric lens. An alternate skew toric trace is described.

© 1957 Optical Society of America

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