Experimental Study of rms Granularity as a Function of Scanning-Spot Size*

George C. Higgins; Keith F. Stultz

doi:10.1364/JOSA.49.000925

Journal of the Optical Society of America
Vol. 49,
Issue 9,
pp. 925-929
(1959)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.49.000925

Experimental Study of rms Granularity as a Function of Scanning-Spot Size

George C. Higgins and Keith F. Stultz

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George C. Higgins and Keith F. Stultz, "Experimental Study of rms Granularity as a Function of Scanning-Spot Size*," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 49, 925-929 (1959)

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Abstract

Experimental data on the constancy of Selwyn granularity, $S = σ (D) \cdot {(2 a)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ , with variations in scanning-aperture diameter are presented. Selwyn granularity S is found to be essentially constant for a series of aperture diameters from 7.5 to 384 μ if the sample is clean and has no macroscopic variations in density. The effect of sample imperfections, such as density wedging, streaks, scratches, and dirt is discussed.

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Density	Aperture diam μ	σ(D)	S
1.12	7.25	0.381	3.46
	12	0.229	3.44
	24	0.114	3.42
	48	0.057	3.42
	96	0.0284	3.41
	192	0.0138	3.31
	384	0.0069	3.31
0.94	7.25	0.368	3.34
	12	0.218	3.27
	24	0.109	3.27
	48	0.0548	3.29
	96	0.0270	3.24
	192	0.0132	3.17
	384	0.0065	3.12
0.71	7.25	0.324	2.94
	12	0.201	3.02
	24	0.101	3.03
	48	0.0507	3.04
	96	0.0247	2.96
	192	0.0122	2.93
	384	0.0060	2.88
0.49	7.25	0.280	2.54
	12	0.181	2.72
	24	0.0913	2.74
	48	0.0457	2.74
	96	0.0240	2.88
	192	0.0122	2.93
	384	0.0054	2.59
0.31	7.25	0.232	2.11
	12	0.160	2.40
	24	0.080	2.40
	48	0.0400	2.40
	96	0.0211	2.53
	192	0.0108	2.59
	384	0.0048	2.30
0.20	7.25	0.194	1.77
	12	0.142	2.13
	24	0.0704	2.11
	48	0.0356	2.14
	96	0.0186	2.23
	192	0.0097	2.33
	384	0.0042	2.02

Density	Aperture diam μ	σ(D)	S
0.96	7.25	0.133	1.21
	12	0.080	1.20
	24	0.0375	1.12
	48	0.0175	1.05
	96	0.0085	1.02
	192	0.0040	0.96
	384	0.0019	0.92
0.75	7.25	0.128	1.16
	12	0.074	1.11
	24	0.0350	1.05
	48	0.0170	1.02
	96	0.0082	0.99
	192	0.0039	0.94
	384	0.0019	0.92
0.55	7.25	0.120	1.09
	12	0.068	1.02
	24	0.0323	0.97
	48	0.0163	0.98
	96	0.0078	0.94
	192	0.0038	0.91
	384	0.0018	0.87
0.39	7.25	0.107	0.97
	12	0.061	0.92
	24	0.0298	0.89
	48	0.0153	0.92
	96	0.0075	0.90
	192	0.0037	0.89
	384	0.0017	0.82
0.24	7.25	0.090	0.82
	12	0.0524	0.79
	24	0.0260	0.78
	48	0.0137	0.82
	96	0.0069	0.83
	192	0.0036	0.87
	384	0.0021	1.00
0.13	7.25	0.0725	0.65
	12	0.0437	0.66
	24	0.0220	0.66
	48	0.0115	0.69
	96	0.0063	0.76
	192	0.0034	0.82
	384	0.0020	0.96

Density	Aperture diam μ	σ(D)	S
1.58	7.25	0.237	2.15
	12	0.137	2.06
	24	0.068	2.04
	48	0.0335	2.01
	96	0.0170	2.04
	192	0.0085	2.04
	384	0.0049	2.35
1.21	7.25	0.209	1.90
	12	0.122	1.83
	24	0.0616	1.85
	48	0.0300	1.80
	96	0.0153	1.84
	192	0.0076	1.82
	384	0.0044	2.11
0.84	7.25	0.177	1.61
	12	0.106	1.59
	24	0.0536	1.61
	48	0.0262	1.57
	96	0.0133	1.60
	192	0.0067	1.61
	384	0.0038	1.82
0.54	7.25	0.145	1.32
	12	0.089	1.34
	24	0.0452	1.36
	48	0.0222	1.33
	96	0.0113	1.36
	192	0.0057	1.37
	384	0.0031	1.49
0.32	7.25	0.115	1.04
	12	0.072	1.08
	24	0.0372	1.12
	48	0.0192	1.15
	96	0.0107	1.28
	192	0.0057	1.37
	384	0.0031	1.49
0.18	7.25	0.089	0.81
	12	0.057	0.86
	24	0.030	0.90
	48	0.0178	1.07
	96	0.0100	1.20
	192	0.0057	1.37
	384	0.0032	1.54

Density	Aperture diam μ	σ(D)	S
2.18	7.25	0.098	0.88
	12	0.0576	0.86
	24	0.0286	0.86
	48	0.0152	0.91
	96	0.0086	1.03
	192	0.0051	1.22
	384	0.0021	1.01
1.44	7.25	0.085	0.77
	12	0.0480	0.72
	24	0.0241	0.72
	48	0.0123	0.74
	96	0.0062	0.74
	192	0.0031	0.74
	384	0.0016	0.77
0.78	7.25	0.0662	0.61
	12	0.0385	0.58
	24	0.0191	0.57
	48	0.0101	0.61
	96	0.0054	0.65
	192	0.0028	0.67
	384	0.0014	0.67
0.34	7.25	0.0468	0.42
	12	0.0273	0.41
	24	0.0143	0.43
	48	0.0077	0.46
	96	0.0043	0.52
	192	0.0024	0.58
	384	0.0013	0.62
0.12	7.25	0.0299	0.27
	12	0.0182	0.27
	24	0.0097	0.29
	48	0.0057	0.34
	96	0.0033	0.40
	192	0.0023	0.55
	384	0.0020	0.96

Density	Aperture diam μ	σ(D)	S
1.12	7.25	0.381	3.46
	12	0.229	3.44
	24	0.114	3.42
	48	0.057	3.42
	96	0.0284	3.41
	192	0.0138	3.31
	384	0.0069	3.31
0.94	7.25	0.368	3.34
	12	0.218	3.27
	24	0.109	3.27
	48	0.0548	3.29
	96	0.0270	3.24
	192	0.0132	3.17
	384	0.0065	3.12
0.71	7.25	0.324	2.94
	12	0.201	3.02
	24	0.101	3.03
	48	0.0507	3.04
	96	0.0247	2.96
	192	0.0122	2.93
	384	0.0060	2.88
0.49	7.25	0.280	2.54
	12	0.181	2.72
	24	0.0913	2.74
	48	0.0457	2.74
	96	0.0240	2.88
	192	0.0122	2.93
	384	0.0054	2.59
0.31	7.25	0.232	2.11
	12	0.160	2.40
	24	0.080	2.40
	48	0.0400	2.40
	96	0.0211	2.53
	192	0.0108	2.59
	384	0.0048	2.30
0.20	7.25	0.194	1.77
	12	0.142	2.13
	24	0.0704	2.11
	48	0.0356	2.14
	96	0.0186	2.23
	192	0.0097	2.33
	384	0.0042	2.02

Abstract

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Journal of the Optical Society of America