Comparison of Perceived Color in Two-Primary Computer-Generated Artificial Images with Predictions Based on the Helson–Judd Formulation

D. E. Pearson; C. B. Rubinstein; G. J. Spivack

doi:10.1364/JOSA.59.000644

Journal of the Optical Society of America
Vol. 59,
Issue 5,
pp. 644-658
(1969)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.59.000644

Comparison of Perceived Color in Two-Primary Computer-Generated Artificial Images with Predictions Based on the Helson–Judd Formulation

D. E. Pearson, C. B. Rubinstein, and G. J. Spivack

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D. E. Pearson, C. B. Rubinstein, and G. J. Spivack, "Comparison of Perceived Color in Two-Primary Computer-Generated Artificial Images with Predictions Based on the Helson–Judd Formulation," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 59, 644-658 (1969)

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Abstract

We describe the results of an experiment designed to test the accuracy of the Helson–Judd formulation in predicting the perceived color of objects in two-primary projections. Five trained subjects gave color-naming responses for hue, lightness, and saturation of perceived color in computer-generated artificial images viewed in red and white projection. The averaged results indicate predictions that are 90% correct for hue, 81% for lightness and 61% for saturation at mesopic luminance levels, and 83% correct for hue, 67% for lightness, and 78% for saturation at photopic luminance levels.

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Equations (19)

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1	0.700	0.420	2.110	2.190	1.340	0.430	2.060	2.400	2.120	2.510
1	2.230	0.770	1.850	1.450	1.340	2.000	2.040	1.320	1.360	1.000

2	0.650	1.270	0.880	1.670	1.250	2.190	1.810	1.420	1.330	2.090
2	0.780	1.900	2.110	0.610	1.840	1.790	0.390	1.910	1.810	0.940

3	0.400	2.240	0.840	2.000	2.100	1.920	0.400	2.140	0.670	1.430
3	2.010	0.920	1.800	1.080	1.200	1.830	1.850	1.870	1.660	1.310

4	2.080	1.340	1.260	1.640	0.380	0.830	2.170	0.630	0.890	0.720
4	1.000	2.080	0.800	1.520	1.880	1.120	0.610	1.970	2.140	2.000

5	1.790	1.400	1.320	1.980	0.410	1.860	2.130	1.320	0.430	0.720
5	0.960	1.220	2.050	1.750	1.160	1.120	1.840	1.970	2.120	0.650

6	0.650	1.770	1.310	2.070	1.820	1.290	0.850	1.670	0.660	2.340
6	1.730	0.850	0.360	1.910	1.940	1.230	1.620	1.950	0.380	0.890

7	2.210	1.740	1.770	1.280	1.900	1.200	1.320	1.700	0.680	0.990
7	2.210	0.880	0.370	2.000	1.560	1.230	2.150	0.590	0.370	1.750

8	1.390	0.670	1.340	1.720	1.820	0.890	0.830	0.920	1.990	2.500
8	1.880	0.650	1.960	0.590	1.910	0.590	0.610	1.920	0.870	2.250

9	2.340	2.330	1.380	1.630	2.340	2.350	1.800	2.270	2.090	2.520
9	1.950	0.680	1.860	0.380	1.700	1.590	0.390	2.020	1.980	1.810

10	1.900	2.490	1.850	0.630	2.040	1.870	0.680	1.370	2.430	2.500
10	2.240	2.100	1.860	0.900	0.390	1.380	0.900	0.390	1.810	0.420

Cell No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10

1	0.602	0.286	2.111	2.222	1.155	0.125	2.000	2.398	2.034	2.648
1	2.309	0.552	1.783	1.325	1.165	1.869	1.911	1.165	1.224	0.783

2	0.541	1.240	0.673	1.602	1.040	2.084	1.615	1.260	1.187	2.046
2	0.610	1.875	2.016	0.358	1.802	1.756	0.075	1.792	1.769	0.756

3	0.204	2.204	0.602	1.903	1.969	1.727	0.022	2.000	0.347	1.204
3	1.957	0.756	1.714	0.864	0.963	1.677	1.714	1.802	1.610	1.122

4	2.111	1.222	1.084	1.523	0.011	0.561	2.022	0.260	0.602	0.398
4	0.769	2.008	3.057	1.325	1.756	0.858	0.309	1.881	2.093	1.881

5	1.716	1.213	1.097	1.776	0.	1.653	1.969	1.034	0.034	2.398
5	0.756	1.016	1.911	2.610	0.923	0.887	1.756	1.842	1.957	0.358

6	0.456	1.638	1.090	1.939	1.611	1.011	0.505	1.426	0.301	2.240
6	1.580	0.610	0.	1.756	1.802	0.943	1.434	1.802	0.023	0.642

7	2.301	1.638	1.643	1.077	1.745	0.903	1.058	1.505	0.372	0.699
7	2.154	0.610	0.008	1.811	1.341	0.936	1.936	0.251	0.008	1.610

8	1.412	0.523	1.240	1.611	1.683	0.606	1.688	0.620	1.854	2.602
8	1.802	0.376	1.774	0.237	1.714	0.224	0.265	1.811	0.642	2.200

9	2.561	2.488	1.335	1.602	2.426	2.398	1.733	2.301	2.071	2.699
9	1.887	0.455	1.756	0.016	1.552	1.394	0.048	1.858	1.875	1.756

10	2.097	2.789	1.921	0.523	2.084	1.886	0.561	1.301	2.648	2.757
10	2.265	2.040	1.778	0.714	0.075	1.212	0.756	0.098	1.756	0.182

Cell No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10

1	2.000	1.570	1.480	0.940	0.310	0.880	1.010	0.460	1.570	2.450
1	2.050	0.820	0.210	1.770	1.740	1.210	0.450	0.330	1.870	0.550

2	1.870	0.650	0.460	0.650	0.600	0.300	0.850	1.310	0.920	1.520
2	0.220	0.450	0.670	1.530	1.660	0.210	1.610	1.350	1.440	1.540

3	1.080	0.300	1.260	2.010	0.930	1.150	1.230	1.370	1.420	2.060
3	1.170	1.050	0.440	0.200	1.480	1.500	0.630	1.640	0.460	1.450

4	0.630	1.450	1.400	0.930	0.280	0.280	1.250	1.330	0.290	1.370
4	0.470	1.100	0.300	0.660	0.960	1.060	0.400	1.640	1.740	0.470

5	2.110	0.600	1.270	0.590	0.290	0.290	1.650	1.470	1.930	1.910
5	1.300	0.300	0.200	0.400	1.470	0.200	0.920	0.600	0.420	1.210

6	2.230	0.580	1.240	1.500	0.780	1.330	1.430	1.490	1.260	1.000
6	0.700	0.190	0.590	0.190	0.960	0.580	1.450	0.950	0.300	0.690

7	2.270	0.410	0.800	1.500	1.220	1.200	1.490	0.550	1.400	0.990
7	0.710	1.040	0.600	1.070	0.190	1.300	1.540	0.980	1.750	1.390

8	1.460	2.000	1.400	0.560	0.560	1.180	1.830	1.370	1.440	1.380
8	0.330	1.130	0.650	0.710	0.920	0.410	1.060	1.590	0.440	1.430

9	2.200	0.900	1.350	1.360	0.400	0.400	0.800	1.280	1.360	0.440
9	0.740	1.710	0.450	1.290	0.200	1.480	0.650	1.650	0.220	1.230

10	1.730	2.320	1.400	1.410	2.130	0.410	1.600	0.580	2.200	1.590
10	0.220	1.660	1.810	1.110	1.090	1.850	1.750	1.890	0.820	1.960

Cell No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10

1	2.080	1.570	1.430	0.820	0.110	0.710	0.880	0.260	1.550	2.550
1	1.960	0.780	0.120	1.910	1.780	1.130	0.370	0.260	1.950	0.520

2	1.910	0.520	0.260	0.430	0.400	0.050	0.670	1.220	0.790	1.490
2	0.140	0.360	0.610	1.510	0.560	0.100	1.610	1.390	1.570	1.650

3	1.010	0.120	1.160	1.920	0.740	0.960	1.070	1.230	1.320	2.120
3	1.180	1.010	0.330	0.060	1.490	1.460	0.540	1.630	0.390	1.540

4	0.550	1.380	1.300	0.740	0.030	0.	1.120	1.200	0.060	1.260
4	0.390	1.060	0.170	0.520	0.880	0.960	0.270	1.650	1.780	0.400

5	2.190	0.430	1.190	0.360	0.010	0.020	1.580	1.360	1.890	0.740
5	1.240	0.150	0.040	0.230	1.370	0.050	0.910	0.490	0.310	1.180

6	2.320	0.460	1.160	1.430	0.580	1.200	1.320	1.380	1.160	0.890
6	0.610	0.030	0.440	0.	0.840	0.450	1.460	0.880	0.170	0.610

7	2.230	0.320	0.710	1.460	1.090	1.060	1.430	0.340	1.340	0.910
7	0.610	0.990	0.460	0.990	0.	1.230	1.520	0.910	1.750	1.440

8	1.620	2.160	1.460	0.430	0.410	1.120	1.790	1.320	1.410	1.380
8	0.210	1.060	0.490	0.560	0.810	0.230	0.960	1.570	0.310	1.460

9	2.520	0.980	1.430	1.360	0.300	0.280	0.730	1.280	1.380	0.360
9	0.650	1.720	0.310	1.240	0.040	1.460	0.540	1.680	0.100	1.340

10	2.030	2.710	1.580	1.550	2.300	0.360	1.700	0.550	2.430	1.810
10	0.140	1.700	1.810	1.080	1.040	1.880	1.810	1.950	0.810	2.080

Cell No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10

	Percent correct
Subject	Hue	Lightness	Saturation
MA	85	73	80
DP	86	94	90
RR	87	88	89
CR	92	87	88
JS	77	66	79

1	R5/4	R8/2	G4/4	BG5/4	RP5/2	YR7/10	G3/2	BG5/4	G5/2	BG7/4
	YR7/12	R8/4	BG3/4	G5/6	YR6/4	YR8/16	N2/0	BG5/6	G6/4	G7/6
	YR7/6	R8/2	N1/0	BG3/6	N5/0	R10/12	N1/0	BG4/6	BG4/3	BG6/6
	YR5/8	YR6/6	N1/0	BG5/6	P5/4	R5/14	N0/0	BG5/4	N5/0	G6/4
	R7/8	R9/10	B3/6	G5/4	YR6/2	YR6/12	PB3/3	G5/4	G6/2	G7/6

2	RP7/2	YR5/4	RY6/4	BG7/2	YR5/4	G4/4	B7/6	YR5/4	YR6/2	BG7/4
	P7/2	R4/8	YR6/10	G7/10	YR5/4	BG2/4	G8/6	YR5/4	YR6/3	G6/7
	YR7/2	RP4/3	YR5/5	BG7/4	YR4/5	G2/2	BG7/4	RP4/4	RP5/4	BG6/6
	R6/2	RP4/6	YR5/8	G7/4	RP5/6	B1/2	G8/4	RP5/6	RP5/6	G6/4
	R9/2	R4/6	R6/8	G7/10	R5/8	B3/2	BG8/8	R5/8	YR7/4	G7/6

3	YR7/8	BG5/6	YR6/6	BG5/4	BG5/2	YR4/4	YR8/8	N0/0	YR8/6	N6/0
	YR8/16	BG5/6	R5/8	BG4/6	BG4/6	N2/0	YR8/16	N1/0	YR7/14	N5/0
	R9/10	BG5/6	YR5/5	BG4/5	BG3/5	YR2/3	R8/11	N1/0	R7/10	N5/0
	R6/14	BG5/10	YR5/8	BG4/6	BG4/6	N1/0	R6/14	N0/0	R5/10	N5/0
	YR7/12	G5/10	R7/8	G5/6	G5/4	RP4/4	YR7/12	R2/1	YR7/8	N5/0

4	BG5/6	YR5/4	B6/2	RP5/2	YR7/8	RP6/4	BG5/6	YR7/8	YR5/2	YR6/4
	BG6/8	R5/6	G7/2	N4/0	YR8/16	RP6/2	G7/6	YR6/12	R4/9	YR6/8
	BG5/6	RP4/5	BG8/2	N3/0	R7/10	R5/3	BG6/6	R6/7	R4/7	R5/8
	BG5/10	RP5/10	N6/0	N3/0	R6/14	RP5/4	G6/6	R5/10	YR4/8	R5/10
	BG6/10	R5/6	G8/2	PB4/2	YR7/12	RP8/2	G7/12	YR6/6	R6/4	YR6/4

5	BG5/6	N5/0	YR5/2	BG4/4	YR6/4	BG5/4	N0/0	YR5/2	YR7/8	N7/0
	BG5/8	N5/0	R5/6	BG2/2	R9/10	BG5/8	N1/0	R5/7	YR8/16	N7/0
	BG5/6	N4/0	RP5/4	BG2/3	R7/7	BG5/6	N1/0	RP4/5	R7/10	R8/2
	BG6/8	N5/0	RP5/8	BG1/2	YR5/8	BG5/8	N0/0	RP4/8	R6/14	N7/0
	BG6/8	Y6/2	R5/6	B3/2	YR8/10	G5/10	R3/2	R5/4	YR7/10	R9/2

6	YR6/6	BG5/4	B7/2	N0/0	YR4/4	RP4/2	YR7/4	YR3/2	N9/0	BG5/2
	YR8/8	BG6/6	G9/5	N1/0	RP4/3	N6/0	YR7/6	YR3/4	N8/0	BG5/6
	R9/10	BG4/4	BG7/6	N1/0	RP3/4	YR5/3	R5/4	YR3/5	R9/2	BG4/6
	YR5/10	BG5/6	G7/4	N0/0	P1/2	N6/0	YR4/4	RP2/2	N9/0	G6/8
	YR7/8	G6/4	G9/8	R3/2	RP4/6	Y6/4	YR7/6	RP4/2	N9/0	G5/10

7	N0/0	BG5/4	B6/2	YR5/2	G4/4	RP5/2	YR5/2	BG6/4	N9/0	YR4/6
	N1/0	BG5/6	G8/10	R5/6	BG4/2	RP7/2	R5/8	G8/6	N8/0	YR7/6
	N1/0	BG4/5	BG7/6	RP4/5	BG3/4	RP5/2	RP4/7	BG7/7	R9/2	YR5/5
	N0/0	BG6/6	G7/4	R5/10	BG2/2	RP5/2	RP4/8	G8/4	N9/0	YR5/8
	RP3/2	GY6/6	G9/8	R5/10	G4/2	YR7/2	R5/6	G8/10	N9/0	R6/8

8	YR6/2	R9/2	YR5/2	BG6/4	YR4/4	N7/0	BG6/4	R7/8	BG4/2	N0/0
	YR5/4	R8/2	YR4/5	G5/6	YR3/2	N6/0	G6/8	YR6/12	G5/7	N1/0
	YR3/4	R8/2	YR4/4	BG5/4	RP3/5	R6/2	BG7/6	R7/12	BG5/6	N1/0
	R4/4	YR8/2	RP5/8	G6/4	P1/2	N6/0	G6/4	R5/10	BG5/4	N0/0
	YR6/4	R9/4	R5/6	G7/10	P4/4	Y9/4	G8/8	R5/10	G6/8	N3/0

9	G4/4	BG6/4	YR5/2	BG7/2	G3/4	G4/4	BG6/4	N0/0	YR5/2	G5/2
	BG4/2	G7/8	YR5/6	G8/6	BG3/3	BG4/2	G8/6	N1/0	RP4/2	BG4/2
	BG3/3	BG6/6	YR4/4	BG7/6	G2/3	G3/3	BG7/6	N1/0	RP3/4	BG4/4
	BG1/2	G6/4	RP4/8	G7/2	BG1/2	BG2/2	G8/4	N0/0	P1/2	BG2/2
	G3/6	G8/8	R6/8	G8/8	G3/6	G4/4	G8/8	RP3/4	RP5/6	G4/4

10	YR5/2	G4/4	YR5/4	YR7/6	BG7/4	G5/2	YR7/4	BG7/4	G4/4	BG7/6
	YR4/2	BG3/2	YR4/4	R7/6	G8/3	N5/0	R8/3	G8/5	BG3/4	G7/6
	YR3/4	G2/3	YR4/4	YR7/6	BG7/6	BG4/3	YR7/7	BG7/8	G4/4	BG7/6
	P2/2	N1/0	RP2/2	YR6/4	G7/2	N4/0	YR6/6	G7/4	N1/0	G7/4
	R6/4	G3/4	Y5/4	R8/8	G8/12	GY4/6	R8/8	G8/12	PB4/4	G8/14

Cell No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10

1	G1/2	G5/4	G7/6	YR4/4	R6/8	G4/2	G6/2	YR7/2	G1/2	G6/6
	N1/0	BG4/2	G6/8	RP4/6	YR7/8	YR5/4	B7/4	YR9/2	N2/0	G5/3
	N1/0	B5/4	BG6/5	RP4/4	R6/10	RP4/2	BG5/5	YR7/6	N1/0	BG6/6
	N0/0	BG5/6	G7/8	RP3/6	YR5/8	P4/6	BG4/6	YR7/6	N1/0	BG6/8
	N2/0	GY5/2	GY7/6	RP5/4	YR6/10	RP6/4	GY6/4	R8/6	N2/0	GY7/4

2	G7/8	Y7/4	YR8/6	YR4/4	Y7/2	YR9/2	Y3/4	G2/4	Y3/6	G2/2
	G7/8	Y6/3	R7/3	R5/4	N7/0	YR9/2	YR5/4	BG2/2	YR5/4	YR2/2
	BG6/5	Y4/3	R4/3	YR4/5	N5/0	YR5/6	YR3/4	G3/2	YR4/4	N2/0
	G7/6	N6/0	YR6/4	RP5/8	P6/2	Y7/6	P5/6	PB3/4	P5/6	PB3/4
	GY7/8	Y7/2	YR8/6	YR5/4	Y6/4	R8/6	R5/4	BG3/4	YR5/4	YR3/2

3	Y2/2	R8/8	G6/2	G7/4	YR3/2	Y2/2	G6/2	Y2/4	G7/4	G3/2
	YR4/4	YR8/6	G5/3	G7/6	RP4/2	YR2/3	G5/4	N2/0	G6/3	B1/2
	YR3/4	R4/6	BG5/6	BG7/6	RP3/4	N2/0	BG5/4	YR3/2	BG5/5	BG2/2
	P4/4	YR6/8	BG6/6	G7/8	P5/6	P3/4	BG5/6	P1/2	BG5/6	B2/2
	YR4/4	YR6/12	GY5/6	GY7/8	RP5/6	RP4/6	N5/0	RP4/2	GY6/4	N3/0

4	Y6/2	G3/2	G7/2	Y5/2	R6/6	R6/6	G5/6	G2/2	R6/8	G6/2
	Y7/2	BG1/2	G5/4	N5/0	YR8/8	YR8/8	G5/6	YR1/1	YR7/10	G5/6
	YR5/4	N1/0	BG5/5	N4/0	R7/8	R6/8	BG5/5	N1/0	R6/10	BG5/5
	N6/0	PB2/1	BG6/6	N5/0	YR6/8	YR6/8	BG5/6	P1/2	YR6/8	BG5/6
	YR8/6	BG3/4	GY7/4	YR6/2	YR7/10	YR7/9	GY5/8	P3/2	YR7/12	GY5/8

5	G2/2	Y7/4	G7/2	Y6/4	R6/10	YR8/4	G3/4	G6/2	G7/6	YR5/4
	B2/2	Y7/3	G6/6	Y6/3	YR6/10	Y9/2	PB2/2	G5/2	G6/4	R4/4
	G2/3	YR4/2	BG5/4	YR5/5	R5/7	YR7/6	G4/3	BG5/3	BG6/4	YR4/5
	B2/1	N5/0	G7/6	N5/0	YR5/12	Y9/6	B3/2	BG4/6	BG5/6	P5/6
	BG3/1	Y8/4	GY7/6	Y7/4	YR6/12	YR8/6	BG4/6	GY5/2	GY6/6	RP6/6

6	G5/4	Y7/2	G6/4	G7/6	YR5/4	G6/4	G2/2	G6/2	G7/4	Y6/4
	B5/2	Y7/1	B4/2	G7/6	YR5/4	B5/2	P1/3	B3/2	G7/6	N5/0
	BG3/5	YR0/4	BG4/3	BG6/4	YR5/6	BG5/5	YR2/2	BG4/5	BG6/5	N4/0
	BG4/6	N7/0	BG4/6	G5/6	P5/6	BG4/6	P1/2	BG4/6	G7/4	N6/0
	GY5/2	YR8/6	GY5/1	GY7/6	R6/6	N5/0	RP3/2	GY4/2	GY8/6	Y7/4

7	G5/4	R6/6	Y7/2	G3/4	G7/4	YR3/4	Y2/2	R6/6	YR2/2	YR6/4
	B4/2	YR7/8	N5/0	N1/0	G7/6	RP3/6	N1/0	YR7/3	N1/0	YR5/4
	BG4/5	R5/3	YR4/5	N2/0	BG6/5	RP4/4	YR2/2	YR6/6	N1/0	YR5/4
	BG4/6	YR5/10	N5/0	B2/1	G7/6	P4/4	P1/2	YR5/8	P1/2	P4/4
	GY5/2	YR6/10	Y7/4	N3/0	GY8/6	RP4/6	N1/0	YR6/12	N2/0	YR6/6

8	G7/6	G3/4	G5/4	YR6/4	YR6/2	G6/4	G3/4	Y2/2	G6/2	Y4/4
	G7/6	BG2/2	G5/3	RP7/4	YR6/4	G6/4	B3/3	P1/4	G6/4	P1/4
	BG6/6	G4/3	BG5/5	YR5/6	YR4/5	BG4/4	G4/5	YR3/2	BG5/6	YR3/3
	G7/4	B2/1	BG4/6	P5/4	P4/4	BG5/4	B3/1	P1/2	BG5/4	P3/2
	GY8/4	N3/0	N5/0	YR8/6	YR6/6	GY5/6	BG4/6	RP3/6	N_o/0	RP3/2

9	G5/4	R5/4	G7/2	Y3/2	YR6/6	R6/4	Y6/4	Y3/2	G7/4	R6/6
	G4/2	R3/8	G7/3	P1/2	Y9/6	YR8/10	Y5/2	P1/2	G7/4	YR7/8
	BG5/5	YR4/7	BG6/6	YR4/3	YR7/4	R7/11	YR4/4	RP3/4	BG7/6	R5/10
	BG4/6	RP2/4	BG5/4	P2/2	Y7/4	YR6/8	N6/0	P1/2	G7/8	YR5/8
	GY5/2	R5/6	GY7/6	P3/4	YR8/6	YR6/12	Y7/4	N3/0	GY8/6	YR7/8

10	G7/4	G3/2	Y3/2	GY6/2	G4/2	R6/4	G3/2	R6/4	G5/4	Y3/2
	G8/6	PB1/8	RP2/4	N3/0	BG2/3	YR7/10	N1/0	YR6/8	BG5/4	P1/2
	BG7/6	N1/0	YR3/4	N3/0	G3/4	R6/10	N1/0	R5/7	BG4/4	N2/0
	G8/6	N1/0	P3/2	N4/0	B3/2	YR5/8	N1/0	R4/6	BG5/6	P1/2
	GY8/6	PB3/2	RP4/4	Y5/4	BG4/4	YR6/12	N2/0	YR7/6	GY5/6	RP3/1

Cell No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10

H for (r−r_n)>0	(r−r_n)/(g−g_n)	H for (r−r_n)<0
Red–blue	0.0 to −0.38	Green–yellow
Red	−0.38 to −0.98	Green
Yellow–red	−0.98 to −2.3	Blue–green
	−2.3 to −∞
Yellow	∞ to 2.0	Blue
Green–yellow	2.0 to 0.0	Red–blue

Parameters	Quilt-pair A	Quilt-pair B
I (photopic case)	120 fL (101.8 mL)	180 fL (167.2 mL)
I (mesopic case)	2.5 fL (2.3 mL)	1.7 fL (1.6 mL)
T_min	0.004	0.006
T_max	1.0	1.0
B	0	0
S	1.0	1.0
r_L	0.820	0.820
g_L	0.180	0.180
b_L	0.000	0.000
r_S	0.504	0.504
g_S	0.453	0.453
b_S	0.043	0.043

1	YR 6/12	YR 8/7	B 1/3	BG 2/6	R 3/1	YR 7/12	RB 1/2	BG 2/8	BG 2/6	BG 4/8
1	YR 5/12	YR 8/6	B 1/3	BG 1/7	R 3/2	YR 8/13	N 0/0	BG 2/8	BG 2/7	BG 4/8

2	YR 7/4	YR 3/8	YR 5/11	BG 6/7	YR 3/7	BG 1/4	G 8/7	YR 2/6	YR 2/6	BG 4/8
2	YR 7/3	YR 2/8	YR 5/11	BG 7/7	YR 3/9	B 1/3	G 8/7	R 2/7	YR 2/8	BG 4/8

3	YR 7/12	BG 4/8	YR 5/10	BG 3/7	BG 3/7	RB 1/1	YR 8/12	B 1/3	YR 6/11	N 3/0
3	YR 8/13	BG 4/8	YR 5/11	BG 3/7	BG 3/7	RB 1/1	YR 9/13	B 1/2	YR 7/12	N 3/0

4	BG 4/7	YR 2/8	G 6/3	N 2/0	YR 8/12	YR 6/5	BG 6/8	YR 6/12	YR 4/11	YR 6/11
4	BG 4/8	YR 2/9	YR 2/12	B 2/1	YR 9/13	YR 6/6	BG 7/8	YR 7/13	YR 5/12	YR 6/12

5	BG 4/6	N 4/0	YR 2/8	B 1/2	YR 8/10	BG 3/6	BG 1/3	YR 2/8	YR 7/12	Y 8/2
5	BG 4/7	N 4/0	YR 2/9	N 0/0	YR 9/11	BG 4/6	B 1/2	YR 3/9	YR 9/13	BG 7/8

6	YR 6/11	BG 5/7	G 8/6	B 1/2	R 1/2	N 4/0	YR 5/9	R 1/4	GY 8/2	BG 4/8
6	YR 6/11	BG 5/7	G 9/6	B 1/2	R 1/4	YR 4/1	YR 6/11	R 1/6	GY 9/2	BG 5/8

7	N 0/0	BG 5/6	G 8/7	YR 2/8	BG 2/3	YR 4/2	YR 2/9	BG 6/7	GY 8/2	YR 4/9
7	N 0/0	BG 5/7	G 9/7	YR 3/9	BG 2/4	YR 5/2	YR 3/9	G 7/7	GY 9/2	YR 5/10

8	YR 2/6	Y 8/3	YR 2/8	BG 6/7	R 1/2	GY 7/2	GY 7/1	YR 4/10	BG 5/7	N 0/0
8	R 1/6	Y 8/2	YR 2/7	G 8/7	R 1/2	G 8/2	BG 7/7	YR 5/11	BG 5/7	N 0/0

9	N 0/0	BG 6/8	YR 2/6	G 8/7	BG 1/6	BG 1/7	G 8/7	N 0/0	B 1/2	BG 1/7
9	N 0/0	BG 6/8	R 2/6	G 9/7	BG 1/7	BG 1/8	G 9/7	N 0/0	N 0/0	N 0/0

10	R 1/5	N 0/0	RB 1/2	YR 7/6	G 8/8	BG 2/4	YR 7/5	G 8/6	BG 1/6	G 7/8
10	N 0/0	N 0/0	B 1/2	YR 7/5	G 8/8	BG 2/6	YR 7/5	G 8/7	N 0/0	G 8/8

Cell No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10

1	N 0/0	BG 4/5	G 8/6	YR 3/10	YR 7/13	YR 4/6	G 7/3	Y 8/2	R 1/6	BG 5/7
1	N 0/0	BG 3/6	BG 8/7	YR 3/11	YR 8/13	YR 4/7	G 7/3	YR 9/3	R 1/6	BG 5/8

2	G 7/7	Y 7/1	YR 7/6	YR 5/11	YR 5/12	Y 9/3	YR 4/10	R 2/3	YR 3/8	R 1/3
2	BG 8/7	Y 8/1	YR 8/7	YR 6/11	YR 7/5	YR 10/4	YR 4/10	R 2/4	YR 3/9	R 1/4

3	YR 3/4	YR 7/11	BG 6/5	G 8/7	YR 3/8	YR 2/6	BG 5/3	R 2/5	BG 6/5	BG 1/5
3	R 3/4	YR 8/11	BG 7/5	G 8/7	YR 4/9	YR 3/7	BG 5/3	R 2/6	BG 6/6	BG 1/5

4	Y 7/2	BG 3/2	G 7/6	N 6/0	YR 8/10	YR 7/11	BG 7/5	R 2/6	YR 7/13	BG 6/5
4	Y 7/1	BG 2/2	BG 7/6	N 6/0	YR 9/11	YR 9/11	BG 7/5	R 2/7	YR 8/13	BG 6/6

5	BG 1/6	GY 8/1	G 8/6	Y 8/1	YR 7/12	Y 9/3	BG 3/5	BG 5/5	BG 6/7	BG 2/5
5	BG 1/7	GY 9/1	G 8/6	Y 8/2	YR 8/13	YR 10/4	BG 3/5	BG 5/6	BG 6/7	YR 4/7

6	BG 4/7	GY 8/2	BG 5/4	G 8/6	YR 5/5	BG 5/4	R 2/3	BG 3/3	G 7/5	N 5/0
6	BG 4/8	G 9/2	BG 6/5	G 8/7	YR 6/5	BG 6/5	R 2/3	BG 3/4	G 8/6	N 5/0

7	BG 4/7	YR 7/10	N 6/0	BG 3/3	G 8/5	R 3/4	R 1/3	YR 6/8	R 1/6	YR 3/7
7	BG 4/8	YR 7/9	N 7/0	BG 3/4	G 9/6	R 3/4	R 1/3	YR 7/9	R 1/6	YR 3/8

8	BG 7/6	BG 2/6	BG 5/5	YR 7/5	YR 6/7	G 7/4	BG 2/5	R 2/5	BG 6/6	R 2/3
8	BG 7/7	BG 2/7	BG 5/6	YR 7/4	YR 7/7	G 7/5	BG 2/6	R 1/5	BG 6/6	R 2/3

9	BG 4/7	YR 3/10	BG 6/5	R 2/2	Y 9/2	YR 6/12	YR 6/1	R 2/6	G 8/6	YR 6/11
9	BG 4/8	YR 2/9	BG 6/7	RB 2/1	GY 9/1	YR 7/12	N 6/0	R 1/6	G 8/7	YR 6/11

10	G 7/7	N 0/0	R 1/7	B 3/1	BG 2/7	YR 6/13	R 1/4	YR 5/12	BG 3/7	R 1/6
10	BG 7/8	N 0/0	R 1/4	BG 2/4	BG 2/8	YR 6/12	R 1/3	YR 5/12	BG 3/8	N 0/0

Cell No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10

Basis for prediction	Luminance level	Quilt-pair A				Quilt-pair B

		H	L	S		H	L	S
Measured density	Photopic	86	65	72		80	68	83
Measured density	Mesopic	89	76	55		91	85	67

Apparent density	Photopic	84	53	62		84	58	75
Apparent density	Mesopic	85	63	42		92	68	57

				H	L	S
Munsell Chip Quilt	Photopic			88	78	80

Abstract

Cited By

Figures (2)

Tables (14)

Equations (19)

Journal of the Optical Society of America