Spectra of Nb xii–xvii from a low-inductance vacuum spark

P. G. Burkhalter; Leonard Cohen; Robert D. Cowan; Brian V. Sweeney

doi:10.1364/JOSA.72.000095

Journal of the Optical Society of America
Vol. 72,
Issue 1,
pp. 95-102
(1982)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.72.000095

Spectra of Nb xii–xvii from a low-inductance vacuum spark

P. G. Burkhalter, Leonard Cohen, Robert D. Cowan, and Brian V. Sweeney

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P. G. Burkhalter, Leonard Cohen, Robert D. Cowan, and Brian V. Sweeney, "Spectra of Nb xii–xvii from a low-inductance vacuum spark," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 72, 95-102 (1982)

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Abstract

The XUV spectrum of niobium was obtained by using a low-inductance vaccum spark and a grazing-incidence, high-resolution spectrograph. Identifications of wavelengths and lines were made in the 20–60-Å region for complex arrays involving 3d–4p and 3d–4f transitions. Atomic structure calculations using relativistically corrected Hartree–Fock wave functions provided the theoretical basis for line classifications. The 3d⁹–3d⁸4p,4f and 3p⁵3d¹⁰–3p⁵3d⁹4p,4f transitions in Nb xv and satellites to the Ni-like 3d¹⁰–3d⁹4p,4f lines were classified. Energy levels for the 3d⁸4p and 3d⁸4f configurations in Nb xv were determined by using Slater integrals scaled by least-squares fitting.

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Experimental					Theoretical

(Å)^a	Itn.	(Å)^b	(Å)^c	(Å)^d	(Å)	gf	Transition
39.214	80	39.232	_	_	39.207	3.8	Nb xiv 3d¹⁰–3d⁹4f¹P₁
39.938	65	39.953	–	–	40.023	0.17	−3d⁹4f³D₁
41.424	5	–	–	–	41.434	1.5	Nb xii 3d¹⁰4s²–3d⁹4s²4f¹P₁
42.127	2	–	–	–	42.134	0.12	−3d⁹4s²4f³D₁
55.961	50	55.974	55.963	55.983	56.098	0.10	Nb xiv 3d¹⁰–3d⁹4p³D₁
56.522	65	56.537	56.523	56.561	56.641	0.42	−3d⁹4p¹P₁
^e	–	57.136	57.119	57.151	57.162	0.0002	−3d⁹4p³P₁
^e	–	–	60.332	–	60.452	0.04	Nb xii 3d¹⁰4s²–3d⁹4s²4p³D₁
60.900	1	–	60.902	–	61.046	0.22	−3d⁹4s²4p¹P₁

Expt. (Å)	Expt. Int.	Calc. (Å)	gf	J	J′	Expt. E′ (cm⁻¹)	Transition
55.718	3	55.721	0.01	1/2	3/2	1 794 800	3d¹⁰4p–3d⁹4p²
57.000	11	56.880	0.09	1/2	1/2	1 754 400	3d¹⁰4s–3d⁹4s4p
57.662	17	57.593	0.26	1/2	3/2	1 734 200	–
58.054	7	58.084	0.15	1/2	3/2	1 722 500	3d¹⁰4p–3d⁹4p²
58.240	11	58.282	0.48	3/2	3/2	1 742 400	–
58.396^c	20	58.405	0.80	3/2	5/2	1 737 900	–
58.396^c	20	58.440	0.34	1/2	3/2	1 712 400	–
58.900	4	58.906	0.03	3/2	5/2	1 723 200	–
59.220	18	59.265	0.24	1/2	1/2	1 688 600	3d¹⁰4s–3d⁹4s4p
59.289	19	59.307	0.33	1/2	3/2	1 686 700	–
59.619	11	59.563	0.05	1/2	3/2	1 677 300	–
59.725	3	59.798	0.02	1/2	1/2	1 674 300	–
60.389	4	60.401	0.02	1/2	3/2	1 655 900	–

Integral	Hartree-Fock (cm⁻¹)	Least-Squares (cm⁻¹)	Scaling Factor
E(average)	1 931 705	1 933 845	1.00
F²(3d 3d)	245 452	222 159	0.91
F⁴(3d 3d)	156 758	142 469	0.91
F²(3d 4p)	67 422	64 026	0.95
G¹(3d 4p)	22 059	18 880	0.86
G³(3d 4p)	21 846	18 451	0.84
Zeta (3d)	9 675	9 650	1.00
Zeta (4p)	20 301	20 789	1.02
Δ	–	1040	–

Expt Wavelength (Å).	Expt. Int.	Expt. E^a (cm⁻¹)	Calc. Wavelength (Å)	gf	Classification^b
48.140	25	2 077 300	48.145	0.03	3d⁹D_5/2–3d⁸4p	(¹S₀, 3/2)_3/2
48.688	13	2 077 300	48.691	0.01	²D_3/2	(¹S₀, 3/2)_3/2
49.398	33	2 047 800	49.392	0.04	²D_3/2	(¹S₀, 1/2)_1/2
50.088	26	1 996 500	50.129	0.06	²D_5/2	(¹G₄, 3/2)_7/2
50.446	26	1 982 300	50.454	0.03	²D_5/2	(³P₁, 3/2)_3/2
50.674	44	1 973 400	50.669	0.08	²D_5/2	(³P₀, 3/2)_3/2
50.728	52	1 971 300	50.749	0.06	²D_5/2	(¹D₂, 3/2)_5/2
50.728	52	1 994 800	50.758	0.19	²D_3/2	(³P₂, 3/2)_1/2
50.874	56	1 965 600	50.887	0.21	²D_5/2	(¹D₂, 3/2)_3/2
50.955	71	1 986 100	50.966	0.31	²D_3/2	(¹G₄, 3/2)_5/2
51.036	66	1 959 400	51.030	0.11	²D_5/2	(³P₂, 3/2)_7/2
51.052	45	1 982 300	51.055	0.03	²D_3/2	(³P₁, 3/2)_3/2
51.151	60	1 978 500	51.160	0.12	²D_3/2	(³P₁, 3/2)_5/2
51.256	80	1 951 000	51.270	0.49	²D_5/2	(¹G₄, 1/2)_7/2
51.284	71	1 949 900	51.301	0.24	²D_5/2	(³P₁, 1/2)_3/2
51.378	43	1 969 800	51.357	0.08	²D_3/2	(¹D₂, 3/2)_5/2
51.378	43	1 946 400	51.382	0.07	²D_5/2	(¹D₂, 1/2)_5/2
51.489	39	1 942 200	51.494	0.06	²D_5/2	(³F₃, 3/2)_3/2
51.514	28	1 964 700	51.498	0.09	²D_5/2	(¹D₂, 3/2)_3/2
51.591	74	1 938 300	51.580	0.28	²D_3/2	(³F₂, 3/2)_5/2
51.681	53	1 935 000	51.684	0.08	²D_5/2	(³F₂, 3/2)_7/2
51.720	16	1 956 900	51.726	0.006	²D_3/2	(¹D₂, 3/2)_1/2
51.720	16	1 933 500	51.735	0.03	²D_5/2	(³F₃, 3/2)_7/2
51.743	52	1 956 100	51.735	0.09	²D_5/2	(³P₂, 3/2)_5/2
51.762	77	1 955 400	51.758	0.25	²D_3/2	(¹D₂, 1/2)_3/2
51.829	31	1 929 400	51.832	0.03	²D_5/2	(³F₃, 3/2)_5/2
51.829	31	1 952 900	51.824	0.03	²D_3/2	(³P₀, 1/2)_1/2
51.849	52	1 928 700	51.865	0.23	²D_5/2	(³P₂, 1/2)_5/2
51.889	71	1 927 200	51.892	0.01	²D_5/2	(³P₂, 1/2)_3/2
51.908	61	1 949 900	51.922	0.14	²D_3/2	(³P₁, 1/2)_3/2
52.046	28	1 944 900	52.006	0.04	²D_5/2	(¹D₂, 1/2)_5/2
52.143	38	1 941 200	52.120	0.10	²D_5/2	(³F₂, 3/2)_3/2
52.228	76	1 938 100	52.208	0.06	²D_3/2	(³F₄, 3/2)_5/2
52.228	76	1 914 700	52.209	0.40	²D_5/2	(³F₄, 3/2)_5/2
52.259	74	1 1913 600	52.243	0.18	²D_5/2	(³F₄, 3/2)_7/2
52.259	74	1 913 600	52.260	0.001	²D_5/2	(³F₃, 3/2)_3/2
52.465	12	1 929 400	52.466	0.02	²D_3/2	(³F₃, 3/2)_5/2
52.488	29	1 928 700	52.500	0.04	²D_3/2	(³P₂, 1/2)_5/2
52.529	32	1 927 200	52.527	0.03	²D_3/2	(³P₂, 1/2)_3/2
52.576	33	1 902 000	52.594	0.008	²D_5/2	(³F₂), 1/2)_3/2
52.654	12	1 899 200	52.639	0.02	²D_3/2	(³F₂, 1/2)_5/2
52.678	34	1 898 300	52.719	0.004	²D_5/2	(³F₃, 1/2)_7/2
52.751	13	1 895 700	52.786	0.006	²D_5/2	(³F₃, 1/2)_5/2
52.873	12	1 914 700	52.853	0.003	²D_3/2	(³F₄, 3/2)_5/2
52.927	8	1 912 900	52.905	0.001	²D_3/2	(³F₃, 3/2)_3/2
53.232	5	1 902 000	53.247	0.027	²D_3/2	(³F₂, 1/2)_3/2
53.395	17	1 87 2 800	53.401	0.005	²D_5/2	(³F₄, 1/2)_7/2

Expt. (Å)	Expt. Int.	Expt. E (cm⁻¹)	Calc. (Å)	gf	J^a	J′^a	Composition of Upper Level (j–j Coupling)^b
50.446	29	2 112 100	50.468	0.20	1/2	3/2	0.53(1/2, 5/2, 3/2)	0.23(3/2, 3/2, 3/2)
50.767	46	2 099 600	50.819	0.16	1/2	1/2	0.82(1/2, 3/2, 1/2)
50.996	9	1 960 900	51.017	0.06	3/2	3/2	0.39(3/2, 5/2, 3/2)	0.15(1/2, 5/2, 3/2)
51.418	64	1 944 800	51.459	0.17	3/2	1/2	0.36(3/2, 3/2, 3/2)	0.23(3/2, 5/2, 3/2)
52.143	41	1 917 800	52.144	0.13	3/2	5/2	0.35(3/2, 5/2, 1/2)	0.13(1/2, 5/2, 1/2)
52.259	77	2 043 300	52.236	0.17	1/2	1/2	0.95(1/2, 5/2, 3/2)
52.488	32	1 905 200	52.443	0.22	3/2	3/2	0.27(3/2, 3/2, 3/2)	0.24(3/2, 3/2, 1/2)
52.529	35	1 903 700	52.502	0.18	3/2	3/2	0.48(3/2, 3/2, 1/2)	0.17(3/2, 5/2, 1/2)
53.318	32	1 875 500	53.188	0.42	3/2	3/2	0.23(3/2, 5/2, 3/2)	0.21(3/2, 5/2, 3/2)
53.334	12	2 004 800	53.322	0.08	1/2	3/2	0.59(1/2, 5/2, 1/2)	0.22(1/2, 3/2, 3/2)
53.395	17	2 002 600	53.432	0.16	1/2	3/2	0.31(1/2, 3/2, 3/2)	0.28(1/2, 5/2, 1/2)
53.702	9	1 862 100	53.742	0.12	3/2	5/2	0.33(3/2, 5/2, 3/2)	0.28(3/2, 3/2, 1/2)

Expt. (Å)	Expt. Int.	Calc. (Å)	gf	J	J′	Expt. E (cm⁻¹)	Transition
39.818	12	39.925	0.49	1/2	1/2	2 511 400	3d¹⁰4p–3d⁹4p4f
39.938	64	40.053	2.17	3/2	1/2	2 529 300	–
39.982	35	40.096	3.76	3/2	5/2	2 526 500	–
40.023	22	40.147	2.89	3/2	3/2	2 498 600	–
40.068	21	40.162	2.00	3/2	5/2	2 521 200	–
40.068	21	40.173	1.39	1/2	3/2	2 495 800	–
40.092	12	40.215	1.66	1/2	3/2	2 494 300	–
40.129	16	40.245	1.57	1/2	1/2	2 492 000	–
40.177	35	40.270	4.56	1/2	3/2	2 489 000	3d¹⁰4s–3d⁹4s4f
		40.279	1.65	3/2	3/2	2 514 400	3d¹⁰4p–3d⁹4p4f
		40.283	0.87	1/2	3/2	2 489 000	–
40.220	12	40.304	2.44	1/2	1/2	2 486 300	3d¹⁰4s–3d⁹4s4f
40.322	29	40.432	0.45	1/2	3/2	2 480 000	3d¹⁰4p–3d⁹4p4f
40.382	31	40.519	0.47	3/2	5/2	2 501 800	–
40.454	15	40.572	0.42	3/2	5/2	2 497 300	–
40.533	20	40.637	0.16	3/2	5/2	2 492 500	–
40.643	17	40.742	0.30	1/2	3/2	2 460 400	3d¹⁰4s–3d⁹4s4f
40.700	12	40.812	0.13	3/2	3/2	2 482 400	3d¹⁰4p–3d⁹4p4f
41.016	12	41.078	0.12	1/2	3/2	2 438 100	–

Expt. Wavelength (Å)	Expt. Int.	Expt. E^a(cm⁻¹)	Calc. Wavelength (Å)	gf	Classification^b
35.305	38	2 832 500	35.384	0.72	3d^{9 2}D_5/2–3d⁸4f	(¹S₀, 7/2)_7/2
35.563	35	2 835 400	35.646	1.4	²D_3/2	(¹S₀, 5/2)_5/2
36.230	70	2 760 100	36.221	9.5	²D_5/2	(³P₁, 5/2)_7/2
36.283	50	2 756 100	36.247	6.4	²D_5/2	(¹G₄, 5/2)_5/2
36.369	66	2 774 200	36.383	7.0	²D_3/2	(¹D₂, 5/2)_5/2
		2 749 600	36.367	3.5	²D_5/2	(¹G₄, 5/2)_3/2
		2 773 200	36.396	4.8	²D_3/2	(¹G₄, 7/2)_3/2
36.567	30	2 734 700	36.567	2.0	²D_3/2	(¹G₄, 7/2)_1/2
36.625	23	2 730 400	36.628	0.18	²D_5/2	(³P₁, 5/2)_5/2
36.656	27	2 728 100	36.663	0.11	²D_5/2	(³P₁, 5/2)_7/2
36.693	35	2 725 300	36.748	0.25	²D_5/2	(³P₀, 7/2)_7/2
36.759	41	2 720 400	36.816	0.39	²D_5/2	(³P₂, 7/2)_7/2
36.843	32	2 714 200	36.887	0.28	²D_5/2	(³F₂, 5/2)_5/2
36.982	45	2 704 000	37.030	0.57	²D_5/2	(³F₂, 7/2)_5/2
37.028	47	2 700 700	37.068	0.53	²D_5/2	(³P₂, 5/2)_7/2
37.135	42	2 692 900	37.177	0.30	²D_5/2	(³F₃, 7/2)_5/2
37.220	40	2 688 100	37.240	0.35	²D_5/2	(³F₃, 5/2)_3/2
37.460	53	2 669 500	37.492	0.18	²D_5/2	(³F₄,7/2)_3/2
		2 692 900	37.495	0.19	²D_3/2	(³F₃, 7/2)_5/2
		2 669 500	37.497	0.17	²D_5/2	(³F₄, 7/2)_7/2

Integral	Hartree–Fock (cm⁻¹)	Least-Squares (cm⁻¹)	Scaling Factor
E_av	2 697 346	2 697 346	1.00
F²(3d 3d)	245 822	219 863	0.89
F⁴(3d 3d)	157 001	140 422	0.89
F²(3d 4f)	51 920	51 803	1.00
F⁴(3d 4f)	27 738	24 809	0.89
G¹(3d 4f)	42 482	37 257	0.88
G³(3d 4f)	24 913	21 849	0.88
G⁵(3d 4f)	17 215	15 099	0.88
Zeta (3d)	9 718	8 207	0.84
Zeta (4f)	198	167	0.84
Δ	–	10 250	–

Expt. (Å)	Expt. Int.	Expt. E (cm⁻¹)	Calc. (Å)	gf	J^a	J′^a	Composition of Upper Level (j–j coupling)^b
35.000	19	2 857 100	34.944	0.74	3/2	3/2	0.31(1/2, 5/2, 7/2)	0.30(1/2, 5/2, 5/2)
35.000	19	2 857 100	34.951	0.54	3/2	1/2	0.61(1/2, 5/2, 5/2)	0.25(3/2, 3/2, 5/2)
36.055	40	2 903 300	36.052	4.03	1/2	3/2	0.65(1/2, 3/2, 5/2)	0.15(1/2, 5/2, 7/2)
36.115	10	2 768 900	36.091	0.55	3/2	5/2	0.83(1/2, 3/2, 5/2)
36.230	70	2 889 900	36.215	2.16	1/2	1/2	0.71(1/2, 5/2, 7/2)
36.369	66	2 749 600	36.391	4.80	3/2	5/2	0.28(3/2, 5/2, 7/2)	0.18(3/2, 3/2, 5/2)
36.500	42	2 739 700	36.498	2.30	3/2	3/2	0.28(3/2, 3/2, 5/2)	0.25(3/2, 5/2, 5/2)
36.759	41	2 720 400	36.748	1.15	3/2	1/2	0.37(3/2, 5/2, 7/2)	0.21(3/2, 5/2, 5/2)
			36.748	0.72	3/2	3/2	0.42(3/2, 5/2, 7/2)	0.26(3/2, 5/2, 5/2)
			36.772	0.79	3/2	5/2	0.42(3/2, 5/2, 7/2)	0.15(3/2, 3/2, 7/2)
37.175	15	2 690 300	37.224	0.52	3/2	3/2	0.49(3/2, 3/2, 5/2)	0.20(3/2, 5/2, 5/2)
37.311	38	2 817 900	37.259	1.34	1/2	3/2	0.69(1/2, 5/2, 7/2)
		2 659 300	37.585	0.91	3/2	3/2	0.22(3/2, 3/2, 5/2)	0.17(3/2, 3/2, 7/2)
37.604	16	2 789 100	37.591	0.62	1/2	1/2	0.67(1/2, 3/2, 5/2)	0.16(1/2, 5/2, 5/2)
		2 659 300	37.591	0.84	3/2	1/2	0.29(3/2, 3/2, 5/2)	0.28(3/2, 5/2, 5/2)
37.629	14	2 657 500	37.650	0.45	3/2	5/2	0.24(3/2, 5/2, 5/2)	0.23(3/2, 3/2, 7/2)
38.072	8	2 626 700	38.074	0.35	3/2	5/2	0.34(3/2, 5/2, 7/2)	0.18(3/2, 5/2, 5/2)

Experimental			Theoretical

(Å)^a	Int.	(Å)^b	(Å)	gf	Transition
73.271	55	73.315	71.690	0.94	3p⁶3d^{9 2}D_3/2–3p⁵3d^{10 2}P_1/2
79.374	75	79.357	77.616	1.55	²D_5/2– ²P_3/2
80.874	55	80.845	79.046	0.017	²D_3/2– ²P_3/2

Abstract

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Figures (9)

Tables (10)

Journal of the Optical Society of America