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Spectral efficiency across the life span: flicker photometry and brightness matching

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Abstract

Spectral efficiency functions were measured for 50 color-normal observers (aged 19–85 years) by means of heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP) and heterochromatic brightness matching (HBM). Foveally viewed, circular, 1.2°-diameter stimuli were presented as 3-s flashes (50% duty cycle) in Maxwellian view. Monochromatic lights (420–700 nm; 16 wavelengths) were equated to a 100-Td (trolands), broadband white standard in both procedures. In both HFP and HBM, average sensitivity (specified at the cornea) decreased at short wavelengths with increasing age, consistent with age-related increases in the density of the ocular media. The short-wavelength HBM decline was of lower magnitude than the HFP decline. HFP data were modeled by a weighted additive combination of long- and middle-wavelength-cone inputs and density spectra of the ocular media and macular pigment. HBM data were analyzed with an upper envelope of additive and subtractive combinations of log-transformed cone absorption functions. These analyses indicated that HBM sensitivity, specified at the retina by correction for estimated lens and macular pigment density, increased with age in an approximately wavelength-independent manner over a broad range from 420 to 560 nm.

© 1994 Optical Society of America

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