We characterize the refractive-index profiles of Z-cut and X-cut Zn-diffused LiNbO₃ substrates from the vapor phase. We obtained these profiles by reflectivity measurements of the samples, using the prism coupling technique at each step of a systematic polishing, and then fitting the data with a program that models a multilayer optical structure. For diffusions performed at 800 °C, four different layers were clearly distinguished in the LiNbO₃:Zn diffused samples, the first one being a very thin layer of polycrystalline ZnO. Two step-index layers were also detected: One was isotropic, and the other showed birefringence depending on the crystal cut. These two layers were correlated with Zn-rich phases previously detected in Zn-diffused LiNbO₃ by x-ray techniques. The fourth layer detected presents a graded-index profile and corresponds to the formation of a Zn-containing solid solution with a LiNbO₃-likestructure. These results are discussed and compared with the phases reported for Ti-diffused LiNbO₃.

© 1999 Optical Society of America

[Optical Society of America ]

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