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High-pass-filtered diffraction microtomography by coherent hard x rays for cell imaging: theoretical and numerical studies of the imaging and reconstruction principles

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Abstract

This paper presents theoretical and numerical studies of diffraction tomography using hard x rays, from the viewpoint of imaging and reconstruction methods for cell imaging. The proposed system employs a single-perfect-crystal analyzer in symmetric Laue-case transmission geometry to efficiently detect the higher spatial frequency components of an object’s refractive-index distribution, and to effectively suppress interference between the unperturbated wave field and the wave field diffracted by the object. This system features acquisition of a single projection by a single exposure using a simple geometry and aggressive use of diffracted x rays. We present the physical description of the imaging method using the Fourier diffraction theorem derived from the Born approximation. First, we demonstrate that the reconstruction leads to the phase-retrieval problem. We then describe a reconstruction algorithm based on the classical Gerchberg–Saxton–Fienup algorithm. Finally, we show the efficacy of this system by computer simulation. Our simulation demonstrates that the imaging system delineates microstructure 3.5μm in diameter in a phase object 400μm in diameter.

© 2005 Optical Society of America

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