Influence of random-dot textures on perception of suprathreshold color differences

Rafael Huertas; Manuel Melgosa; Enrique Hita

doi:10.1364/JOSAA.23.002067

Journal of the Optical Society of America A
Vol. 23,
Issue 9,
pp. 2067-2076
(2006)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.23.002067

Influence of random-dot textures on perception of suprathreshold color differences

Rafael Huertas, Manuel Melgosa, and Enrique Hita

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Rafael Huertas, Manuel Melgosa, and Enrique Hita, "Influence of random-dot textures on perception of suprathreshold color differences," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 23, 2067-2076 (2006)

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Table of Contents Category
- Vision and color
Optics & Photonics Topics
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The topics in this list come from the Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: November 18, 2005
- Revised Manuscript: February 16, 2006
- Manuscript Accepted: March 2, 2006
Virtual Issues
Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics Vol. 1, Iss. 10

Abstract

We have analyzed the way in which simulated textures made of random dots influence visual suprathreshold color tolerances. We considered 32 textures created by a systematic variation of the following variables: size, number, and color of the dots. Each texture was mapped on the five centers recommended by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) in 1978 [Color Res. Appl. 3, 149 (1978) ]. A panel of five experienced observers determined the experimental tolerances using a CRT color monitor by the method of adjustment. At our observation distance, neither small differences in dot size (1 or $4 pixels$ ) nor sparse number of dots (less than 20% of the surface of the sample) changed the tolerances found for homogeneous samples. For the textures that led to statistically significant differences with respect to homogeneous samples, the parametric factors of CIEDE2000 and CIE94 color-difference formulas were fitted. These simulated textures consistently reduced the color difference perceived in a pair or, equivalently, increased the tolerances, mainly (but not only) lightness tolerance. The results demonstrate that it is not simple to provide a unique set of parametric factors for all the potential textures.

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Stimulus		$L_{10}^{*}$	$a_{10}^{*}$	$b_{10}^{*}$	$X_{10}$	$Z_{10}$	$Y_{10} (cd / {cm}^{2})$
Anchor pair	Sample 1	52.95±0.03	$- 0.15 \pm 0.19$	$- 0.57 \pm 0.15$	22.39±0.02	33.14±0.04	24.19±0.03
	Sample 2	51.43±0.03	$- 0.52 \pm 0.19$	$- 0.65 \pm 0.14$	20.86±0.03	31.07±0.04	22.61±0.02
Surround		100.00±0.11	0.0±0.04	0.0±0.3	106.8±0.3	155.6±0.4	115.2±0.3
Background		54.42±0.02	0.19±0.18	$- 0.35 \pm 0.15$	23.93±0.01	35.12±0.04	25.767±0.012

Center	CIE Coordinates					Measured Coordinates
Center	$L_{10}^{*}$	$a_{10}^{*}$	$b_{10}^{*}$	$C_{ab, 10}^{*}$	$h_{ab, 10}$	$L_{10}^{*}$	$a_{10}^{*}$	$b_{10}^{*}$	$C_{ab, 10}^{*}$	$h_{ab, 10}$
1—Gray	62	0	0	0	0	65.06±0.04	$- 0.1 \pm 0.2$	$- 0.49 \pm 0.17$	0.50±0.18	$- 1.8 \pm 0.4$
2—Red	44	37	23	43.57	31.87	46.66±0.03	35.26±0.18	20.71±0.12	40.89±0.17	0.531±0.003
3—Yellow	87	$- 7$	47	47.52	98.47	89.73±0.08	$- 6.6 \pm 0.3$	45.0±0.2	45.52±0.2	1.717±0.007
4—Green	56	$- 32$	0	32	180	59.79±0.03	$- 29.42 \pm 0.19$	$- 0.43 \pm 0.15$	29.42±0.19	$- 3.127 \pm 0.005$
5—Blue	36	5	$- 31$	31.40	279.16	39.73±0.02	3.84±0.17	$- 30.03 \pm 0.14$	30.27±0.14	$- 1.444 \pm 0.005$

Texture Type	Dots’ Color	Sample Covered (%)
A^b	$L_{10}^{} = L_{10, BS}^{} + 10$	5
	$C_{ab, 10}^{} = C_{ab, 10, BS}^{}$	20
	$h_{ab, 10} = h_{ab, 10, BS}$	50
B	$L_{10}^{} = L_{10, BS}^{} - 10$	5
	$C_{ab, 10}^{} = C_{ab, 10, BS}^{}$	20
	$h_{ab, 10} = h_{ab, 10, BS}$	50
C	$L_{10}^{} = L_{10, BS}^{}$	5
	$C_{ab, 10}^{} = C_{ab, 10, BS}^{} + 15$	20
	$h_{ab, 10} = h_{ab, 10, BS}$	50
D	$L_{10}^{} = L_{10, BS}^{}$	5
	$C_{ab, 10}^{} = C_{ab, 10, BS}^{} - 15$	20
	$h_{ab, 10} = h_{ab, 10, BS}$	50
E^c	Black	5
		20
		50
		80

Tolerance	1—Gray	2—Red	3—Yellow	4—Green	5—Blue	Average
$Δ L_{10}^{*}$	3.10 (0.58)	2.70 (0.96)	3.43 (1.14)	3.15 (1.23)	3.35 (1.12)	3.15 (0.28)
$Δ C_{ab, 10}^{*}$	—	5.42 (2.25)	4.93 (1.71)	5.50 (1.89)	4.62 (2.20)	5.12 (0.41)
$Δ H_{ab, 10}^{*}$	—	3.73 (1.60)	3.32 (1.04)	3.08 (0.76)	2.65 (0.98)	3.20 (0.45)
$Δ C_{ab, 10}^{*} / S_{C}$ ^b	—	1.83 (0.76)	1.59 (0.55)	2.49 (0.91)	1.93 (0.94)	1.96 (0.38)
$Δ H_{ab, 10}^{*} / S_{H}$ ^c	—	2.26 (0.97)	1.94 (0.61)	2.13 (0.52)	1.80 (0.67)	2.03 (0.20)

Texture^b (%)	$Δ L_{10}^{*}$	$Δ C_{ab, 10}^{*}$	$Δ H_{ab, 10}^{*}$
A (20)	3.51 (1.66)	5.63 (2.62)	3.27 (1.60)
A (50)	3.59 (1.64)	5.53 (2.63)	3.32 (1.64)
C (20)	3.04 (1.25)	5.92 (2.37)	3.50 (1.60)
C (50)	3.35 (1.56)	5.88 (2.37)	3.56 (1.61)
E (20)	4.30 (2.12)	5.96 (2.72)	3.91 (2.16)
E (50)	5.29 (2.79)	6.94 (3.36)	4.48 (2.37)
E (80)	6.19 (2.97)	8.19 (3.93)	5.29 (2.65)

Formula	PF/3^a	PF/3^b
CIEDE2000 $(k_{L} : k_{C} : k_{H})$ ^c	26.0	28.0
CIEDE2000 (1:1:1)	35.0	33.7
CIEDE2000 (2:1:1)	47.4	43.8
CIE94 $(k_{L} : k_{C} : k_{H})$ ^c	26.3	28.5
CIE94 (1:1:1:)	35.7	34.5
CIE94 (2:1:1)	47.8	44.0
CIELAB	34.1	33.5
BFD (1:1)	34.1	32.9
BFD (2:1)	46.9	43.4
CMC (1:1)	34.7	33.8
CMC (2:1)	46.9	43.5
LCD⁴⁴^, d	35.6	34.3
Völz⁴⁵	35.7	34.4
Thomsen⁴⁶	35.9	34.6
DIN99d⁴⁷	35.1	34.1
$Δ E_{G P}$	34.6	33.7

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Journal of the Optical Society of America A