José Antonio Díaz, Carles Pizarro, and Josep Arasa, "Single dispersive gradient-index profile for the aging human lens," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 25, 250-261 (2008)
We provide a single gradient-index (GRIN) profile for the crystalline lens in an updated age-dependent emmetropic-eye model. The parameters defining the GRIN profile include their variation with age and the dispersion of the refractive index in order to account for the increase in the positive-wave spherical aberration, for the constant chromatic difference in the refraction of the human eye, as well as for the decrease in the retinal-image quality with aging. In accounting for these ocular properties, the results show that first, the value of the dispersion parameters are invariant with age. Second, those parameters defining the distribution of the lens index cause the lens-center-index value to decrease slightly, and its position along the lens axis changes with age. Furthermore, these findings are in agreement with the lens paradox.
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The index coefficients have a dependence on age, tabulated in Table 2.
The iris is decentered along the x axis; that is, it is decentered nasally (see [67]).
The lens is tilted about the y axis containing its center; that is, the lens axis is to the temporal space object (see [9]).
The retina is an ellipsoid tilted about the y axis and about the x axis (see [62]).
Table 2
Value of the GRIN Profile Parameters as a Function of Age a
Coefficient
Value
p-value
0.907
0.89
0.979
0.921
0.991
The dispersion parameters were independent of age to account for the eye’s longitudinal chromatic aberration.
Table 3
Values of the Matrix Elements (, , , ) of the GRIN Lens Profile, Anterior Lens Power , Posterior Lens Power , Surface Power , GRIN Power , and Total Lens Power as Age Increases
The index coefficients have a dependence on age, tabulated in Table 2.
The iris is decentered along the x axis; that is, it is decentered nasally (see [67]).
The lens is tilted about the y axis containing its center; that is, the lens axis is to the temporal space object (see [9]).
The retina is an ellipsoid tilted about the y axis and about the x axis (see [62]).
Table 2
Value of the GRIN Profile Parameters as a Function of Age a
Coefficient
Value
p-value
0.907
0.89
0.979
0.921
0.991
The dispersion parameters were independent of age to account for the eye’s longitudinal chromatic aberration.
Table 3
Values of the Matrix Elements (, , , ) of the GRIN Lens Profile, Anterior Lens Power , Posterior Lens Power , Surface Power , GRIN Power , and Total Lens Power as Age Increases