Scattering of electromagnetic radiation by an infinite array of perfectly conducting cylinders is studied by a combination of a finite-element method and a boundary-solution procedure. The cylinders, which have an arbitrary cross section, are embedded periodically in an inhomogeneous and lossy dielectric. The obliquely incident radiation is of linear polarization with either of its fields parallel to the axis of the cylinders. The method of solution is simple in nature and involves no iterative calculations. Numerical results are obtained for gratings with circular elements. The convergence and the accuracy of the solution are tested by the conservation-of-power criterion and by comparing the numerical results with those of the exact solution and other published data. Further numerical examples show some of the transmission characteristics of the circular gratings embedded in an inhomogeneous or lossy dielectric.

© 1988 Optical Society of America

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