We study the evolution of optical signals in single-mode optical fibers in the presence of polarization-mode dispersion and polarization-dependent losses. Two geometric vectors on the Poincaré sphere are defined to characterize the effects of polarization-mode dispersion and polarization-dependent losses on the optical field in the fiber. By solving the dynamical equation for these two vectors, several general statistical results are obtained. The practically important weak polarization-dependent-loss situation is discussed in detail.

© 2000 Optical Society of America

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