Vikas Sudesh and E. M. Goldys, "Spectroscopic properties of thulium-doped crystalline materials including a novel host, La2Be2O5: a comparative study," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 17, 1068-1076 (2000)
We present a comparative study of the spectroscopic properties of Tm in several crystalline hosts:
and These materials were experimentally characterized in the spectral region accessible to laser diodes, especially in the context of advantages of pumping at 685 rather than 785 nm. Using the Fuchtbauer–Ladenburg equation, we also calculate the emission cross-section spectra from the experimentally measured fluorescence spectra, in the vicinity of the and transitions. The lifetimes of the – and – multiplets at room temperature were measured experimentally. We finally report, for the first time to our knowledge, absorption lines for different optical transitions of Tm in
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Absorption lines of Tm in BeL in energy region of the multiplet at 10 K
1
0.05
2
0.06
3
0.06
4
0.05
5
0.08
6
0.57
7
0.27
8
0.06
9
1.03
10
0.22
11
0.49
12
0.27
13
0.05
14
1.70
15
1.60
Absorption lines of Tm in BeL in energy region of the multiplet at 10 K
1
0.05
2
0.03
3
0.03
4
0.05
5
0.13
6
0.15
7
0.73
8
0.68
9
0.58
10
0.54
11
0.58
12
0.20
13
0.11
Absorption lines of Tm in BeL in energy region of the multiplet at 10 K
1
0.11
2
0.20
3
0.80
4
0.64
5
0.72
6
0.64
7
0.28
8
0.23
Absorption lines of Tm in BeL in energy region of the and multiplet at 10 K
1
0.12
2
0.08
3
0.31
4
0.05
5
1.51
6
0.65
7
0.03
8
0.03
9
0.08
10
0.03
Absorption lines of Tm in BeL in energy region of the multiplet at 10 K
1
0.03
2
0.02
3
0.03
4
0.11
5
0.06
6
0.10
7
0.31
Absorption lines of Tm in BeL in energy region of the multiplet at 10 K
1
0.02
2
0.05
3
0.11
4
0.24
5
0.43
6
0.05
Absorption lines of Tm in BeL in energy region of the and multiplets at 10 K
1
0.10
2
0.05
3
0.07
4
0.02
5
0.03
6
0.06
7
0.14
8
0.28
9
0.35
No other absorption-line data for Tm:BeL have been reported. The positions of the absorption lines were measured within an accuracy of ±5 cm-1 or better.
Table 4
Measured Absorption Coefficients for Tm in the Vicinity of 685 and 785 nm in a Variety of Crystalsa
Crystal
Concentration
Absorption Coefficients (cm-1)
Tm:BeL
0.39
0.58 at 677.0 nm
0.4 at 788.4 nm
[0.2 at. %]
Tm:YLF
2.08
2.51 at 685.7 nm
1.23 at 780 nm
[1.5 at. %]
1.02 at 792.2 nm
Tm:YAG
2.76
5.72 at 681 nm
1.35 at 781 nm
[2.0 at. %]
1.49 at 785.5 nm
Tm:YAP
18.78
9.4 at 692.8 nm
10.4 at 793.8 nm
[10.0 at. %]
7.0 at 798.8 nm
The corresponding absorption cross sections (cm2) are shown in brackets.
Table 5
Calculated Branching Ratios of Tm in Various Hostsa
Absorption lines of Tm in BeL in energy region of the multiplet at 10 K
1
0.05
2
0.06
3
0.06
4
0.05
5
0.08
6
0.57
7
0.27
8
0.06
9
1.03
10
0.22
11
0.49
12
0.27
13
0.05
14
1.70
15
1.60
Absorption lines of Tm in BeL in energy region of the multiplet at 10 K
1
0.05
2
0.03
3
0.03
4
0.05
5
0.13
6
0.15
7
0.73
8
0.68
9
0.58
10
0.54
11
0.58
12
0.20
13
0.11
Absorption lines of Tm in BeL in energy region of the multiplet at 10 K
1
0.11
2
0.20
3
0.80
4
0.64
5
0.72
6
0.64
7
0.28
8
0.23
Absorption lines of Tm in BeL in energy region of the and multiplet at 10 K
1
0.12
2
0.08
3
0.31
4
0.05
5
1.51
6
0.65
7
0.03
8
0.03
9
0.08
10
0.03
Absorption lines of Tm in BeL in energy region of the multiplet at 10 K
1
0.03
2
0.02
3
0.03
4
0.11
5
0.06
6
0.10
7
0.31
Absorption lines of Tm in BeL in energy region of the multiplet at 10 K
1
0.02
2
0.05
3
0.11
4
0.24
5
0.43
6
0.05
Absorption lines of Tm in BeL in energy region of the and multiplets at 10 K
1
0.10
2
0.05
3
0.07
4
0.02
5
0.03
6
0.06
7
0.14
8
0.28
9
0.35
No other absorption-line data for Tm:BeL have been reported. The positions of the absorption lines were measured within an accuracy of ±5 cm-1 or better.
Table 4
Measured Absorption Coefficients for Tm in the Vicinity of 685 and 785 nm in a Variety of Crystalsa
Crystal
Concentration
Absorption Coefficients (cm-1)
Tm:BeL
0.39
0.58 at 677.0 nm
0.4 at 788.4 nm
[0.2 at. %]
Tm:YLF
2.08
2.51 at 685.7 nm
1.23 at 780 nm
[1.5 at. %]
1.02 at 792.2 nm
Tm:YAG
2.76
5.72 at 681 nm
1.35 at 781 nm
[2.0 at. %]
1.49 at 785.5 nm
Tm:YAP
18.78
9.4 at 692.8 nm
10.4 at 793.8 nm
[10.0 at. %]
7.0 at 798.8 nm
The corresponding absorption cross sections (cm2) are shown in brackets.
Table 5
Calculated Branching Ratios of Tm in Various Hostsa