Abstract
We investigated energy-transfer processes associated with clustered sites of ions in crystals leading to upconverted blue-green fluorescence and cross relaxation with the analyses of fluorescence transients measured by site-selective excitations. We found two clustered sites with distinct lifetimes of 3 and 16 μs at room temperature for the green fluorescing levels which were much shorter than the lifetimes of isolated sites (27 μs) that are due to nonradiative energy-transfer processes. The green upconverted fluorescence originates from the energy transfer of one clustered site in the levels, and/or of the other clustered site in the levels. Our analyses verified that the fluorescence efficiencies of ions in the clustered sites are significantly decreased because of their interionic nonradiative energy transfers. Therefore, the formation of clustered sites in -doped crystals gives rise to deleterious effects on laser and amplifier applications.
© 2003 Optical Society of America
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