Polarized spectral properties and laser demonstration of Nd3+:BaGd2(MoO4)4 cleavage crystal

Haomiao Zhu; Yujin Chen; Yanfu Lin; Xinghong Gong; Zundu Luo; Yidong Huang

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.24.002659

Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Vol. 24,
Issue 10,
pp. 2659-2665
(2007)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.24.002659

Polarized spectral properties and laser demonstration of ${Nd}^{3 +} : {BaGd}_{2} ({MoO}_{4})_{4}$ cleavage crystal

Haomiao Zhu, Yujin Chen, Yanfu Lin, Xinghong Gong, Zundu Luo, and Yidong Huang

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Haomiao Zhu, Yujin Chen, Yanfu Lin, Xinghong Gong, Zundu Luo, and Yidong Huang, "Polarized spectral properties and laser demonstration of Nd³⁺:BaGd₂(MoO₄)₄ cleavage crystal," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 24, 2659-2665 (2007)

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Abstract

Detailed spectral properties of ${Nd}^{3 +} : {BaGd}_{2} ({MoO}_{4})_{4}$ cleavage crystal have been studied. Laser operation of a cleaved $1.2 at. %$ ${Nd}^{3 +} : {BaGd}_{2} ({MoO}_{4})_{4}$ crystal pumped by a Ti:sapphire laser was demonstrated. The achieved highest slope efficiencies are 51% and 16% for a 1061 and $1337 nm$ laser, respectively. The corresponding thresholds are $\sim 3$ and $45 mW$ , respectively. The results reveal that the cleaved ${Nd}^{3 +}$ :BGM crystal has a high optical quality, good parallelism, and flatness and is a promising candidate for microchip laser gain media without processing.

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${}^{4}I_{9 ∕ 2} \to$	$\bar{λ}$ (nm)^b	$E ‖ X$		$E ‖ Y$		$E ‖ Z$
		$S^{m e a}$	$S^{c a l}$	$S^{m e a}$	$S^{c a l}$	$S^{m e a}$	$S^{c a l}$
${}^{4}F_{3 ∕ 2}$	880	1.181	1.425	1.058	1.418	3.379	3.869
${}^{4}F_{5 ∕ 2} + {}^{2}H_{9 ∕ 2}$	806	3.543	3.537	3.279	3.527	8.989	7.982
${}^{4}F_{7 ∕ 2} + {}^{4}S_{3 ∕ 2}$	751	2.992	3.035	3.016	2.941	5.34	5.967
${}^{4}F_{9 ∕ 2}$	685	0.17	0.233	0.222	0.232	0.179	0.49
${}^{2}H_{11 ∕ 2}$	631	0.032	0.059	0.011	0.058	0.022	0.126
${}^{4}G_{5 ∕ 2} + {}^{2}G_{7 ∕ 2}$	585	12.323	12.343	18.57	18.618	30.406	30.375
${}^{2}K_{13 ∕ 2} + {}^{4}G_{7 ∕ 2} + {}^{4}G_{9 ∕ 2}$	526	2.578	2.283	3.435	2.694	5.111	5.706
${}^{2}K_{15 ∕ 2} + {}^{2}G_{9 ∕ 2} + {}^{2}D_{3 ∕ 2} + {}^{4}G_{11 ∕ 2}$	473	0.538	0.393	0.609	0.394	1.313	0.972
${}^{2}P_{1 ∕ 2} + {}^{2}D_{5 ∕ 2}$	434	0.158	0.201	0.143	0.201	0.386	0.569
$rms Δ S (10^{- 20} {cm}^{2})$		0.171		0.365		0.614
$rms error (%)$		3.8		5.6		5.6
$Ω^{X, Y, Z} (10^{- 20} {cm}^{2})$		9.2, 5.2, 4.2		15.7, 5.2, 4.1		21.5, 15.0, 8.0
$Ω^{eff} (10^{- 20} {cm}^{2})$	15.5, 8.5, 5.4

Transitions	$E ‖ X$		$E ‖ Y$		$E ‖ Z$
	$A_{X}$ $(s^{- 1})$	$β_{X}$ (%)	$A_{Y}$ $(s^{- 1})$	$β_{Y}$ (%)	$A_{Z}$ $(s^{- 1})$	$β_{Z}$ (%)
${}^{4}F_{3 ∕ 2} \to {}^{4}I_{9 ∕ 2}$	2984	47.6	2910	47.7	7833	52.6
${}^{4}F_{3 ∕ 2} \to {}^{4}I_{11 ∕ 2}$	2742	43.7	2669	43.8	6016	40.4
${}^{4}F_{3 ∕ 2} \to {}^{4}I_{13 ∕ 2}$	515	8.2	489	8.0	978	6.6
${}^{4}F_{3 ∕ 2} \to {}^{4}I_{15 ∕ 2}$	27	0.4	26	0.4	51	0.3
$τ_{r a d} (μ s)$	111

Properties	BGM	${YVO}_{4}$	${NdAl}_{3} ({BO}_{3})_{4}$	${LaSc}_{3} ({BO}_{3})_{4}$	$KLa ({MoO}_{4})_{2}$
Peak absorption wavelength	$805 (X)$ , $807 (Y)$	$808.7 (π)$	$≅ 808$	$≅ 808$	$805 (π)$
$λ_{a} (nm)$	$807 (Z)$
$σ_{a b s}$ at $λ_{a} (10^{- 20} {cm}^{2})$	$4.3 (X)$ , $3.3 (Y)$ , $17.5 (Z)$	$38.7 (π)$	$2.5 (σ)$	$7.1 (X)$ , $5.8 (Y)$ , $1.9 (Z)$	$11.4 (π)$
FWHM at $λ_{a} (nm)$	$4 (Z)$	$2 (π)$	$≅ 10 (σ)$	$3 (X)$	$5 (π)$
Peak emission wavelength	$1062.5 (X, Y, Z)$	$1064 (π)$	$1063.5 (π)$	$≅ 1064 ()$	$1060 (π)$
$λ_{e} (nm)$		$1066 (σ)$	$1063 (σ)$		$1060 (σ)$
$σ_{e m}$ at $λ_{e} (10^{- 20} {cm}^{2})$	$8.6 (X)$ , $7.2 (Y)$ , $19.2 (Z)$	$141 (π)$ $29.5 (σ)$	$14.3 (π)$ $16 (σ)$	$13 (X)$ , $9 (Y)$ , $5 (Z)$	$9.7 (π)$ $7.7 (σ)$
FWHM at $λ_{e}$ (nm)	$4 (X)$ , $4 (Y)$ , $3 (Z)$	$1.1 (π)$ $3.5 (σ)$	$≅ 2 (π, σ)$	$4 (X, Y, Z)$	$20 (π)$ $21 (σ)$
Fluorescence lifetime of ${}^{4}F_{3 ∕ 2} (μ s)$	141^a	84	20	118	147
References	This work	[9]	[32, 33]	[34]	[22]

${}^{4}I_{9 ∕ 2} \to$	$\bar{λ}$ (nm)^b	$E ‖ X$		$E ‖ Y$		$E ‖ Z$
		$S^{m e a}$	$S^{c a l}$	$S^{m e a}$	$S^{c a l}$	$S^{m e a}$	$S^{c a l}$
${}^{4}F_{3 ∕ 2}$	880	1.181	1.425	1.058	1.418	3.379	3.869
${}^{4}F_{5 ∕ 2} + {}^{2}H_{9 ∕ 2}$	806	3.543	3.537	3.279	3.527	8.989	7.982
${}^{4}F_{7 ∕ 2} + {}^{4}S_{3 ∕ 2}$	751	2.992	3.035	3.016	2.941	5.34	5.967
${}^{4}F_{9 ∕ 2}$	685	0.17	0.233	0.222	0.232	0.179	0.49
${}^{2}H_{11 ∕ 2}$	631	0.032	0.059	0.011	0.058	0.022	0.126
${}^{4}G_{5 ∕ 2} + {}^{2}G_{7 ∕ 2}$	585	12.323	12.343	18.57	18.618	30.406	30.375
${}^{2}K_{13 ∕ 2} + {}^{4}G_{7 ∕ 2} + {}^{4}G_{9 ∕ 2}$	526	2.578	2.283	3.435	2.694	5.111	5.706
${}^{2}K_{15 ∕ 2} + {}^{2}G_{9 ∕ 2} + {}^{2}D_{3 ∕ 2} + {}^{4}G_{11 ∕ 2}$	473	0.538	0.393	0.609	0.394	1.313	0.972
${}^{2}P_{1 ∕ 2} + {}^{2}D_{5 ∕ 2}$	434	0.158	0.201	0.143	0.201	0.386	0.569
$rms Δ S (10^{- 20} {cm}^{2})$		0.171		0.365		0.614
$rms error (%)$		3.8		5.6		5.6
$Ω^{X, Y, Z} (10^{- 20} {cm}^{2})$		9.2, 5.2, 4.2		15.7, 5.2, 4.1		21.5, 15.0, 8.0
$Ω^{eff} (10^{- 20} {cm}^{2})$	15.5, 8.5, 5.4

Transitions	$E ‖ X$		$E ‖ Y$		$E ‖ Z$
	$A_{X}$ $(s^{- 1})$	$β_{X}$ (%)	$A_{Y}$ $(s^{- 1})$	$β_{Y}$ (%)	$A_{Z}$ $(s^{- 1})$	$β_{Z}$ (%)
${}^{4}F_{3 ∕ 2} \to {}^{4}I_{9 ∕ 2}$	2984	47.6	2910	47.7	7833	52.6
${}^{4}F_{3 ∕ 2} \to {}^{4}I_{11 ∕ 2}$	2742	43.7	2669	43.8	6016	40.4
${}^{4}F_{3 ∕ 2} \to {}^{4}I_{13 ∕ 2}$	515	8.2	489	8.0	978	6.6
${}^{4}F_{3 ∕ 2} \to {}^{4}I_{15 ∕ 2}$	27	0.4	26	0.4	51	0.3
$τ_{r a d} (μ s)$	111

Abstract

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Journal of the Optical Society of America B