Electronic (population) lensing versus thermal lensing in Yb:YAG and Nd:YAG laser rods and disks

Elena Anashkina; Oleg Antipov

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.27.000363

Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Vol. 27,
Issue 3,
pp. 363-369
(2010)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.27.000363

Electronic (population) lensing versus thermal lensing in Yb:YAG and Nd:YAG laser rods and disks

Elena Anashkina and Oleg Antipov

Not Accessible

Your library or personal account may give you access

Get PDF
Email
Share
Get Citation
Copy Citation Text
Elena Anashkina and Oleg Antipov, "Electronic (population) lensing versus thermal lensing in Yb:YAG and Nd:YAG laser rods and disks," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 27, 363-369 (2010)

Export Citation
- BibTex
- Endnote (RIS)
- HTML
- Plain Text
Citation alert
Save article

Abstract

A comparative study of electronic lenses (caused by population change of ground and excited states having different polarizabilities) and thermal lenses induced in Yb:YAG and Nd:YAG rods and disks under lasing and nonlasing conditions is carried out. The transient electronic lens can predominate over the thermal one in the pulsed-pump regime, whereas the stationary thermal lens may be predominant at CW broad pumping. The electronic lens effect is stronger in Yb:YAG than in Nd:YAG crystal.

Full Article | PDF Article

More Like This

Analytical approach to thermal lensing in end-pumped Yb:YAG thin-disk laser

Jianli Shang, Xiao Zhu, and Guangzhi Zhu
Appl. Opt. 50(32) 6103-6120 (2011)

Thermal Lensing in a Nd:YAG Laser Rod

W. Koechner
Appl. Opt. 9(11) 2548-2553 (1970)

Kinetics and wavelength dependence of thermal and excited-state population on lens effect induced in a Nd:YAG rod amplifier

Martin Maillard, Gabriel Amiard-Hudebine, Marc Tondusson, Mikaël Orain, and Eric Freysz
Opt. Express 31(2) 1799-1812 (2023)

Previous Article Next Article

Cited By

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Cited by links are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Figures (6)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Figure files are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Tables (1)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Article tables are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Equations (26)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Equations are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Description	Symbol	Numerical Value
Description	Symbol	Yb:YAG	Nd:YAG
Difference in polarizability of active ions in the excited and ground states	$Δ p$	$2 \cdot 10^{- 26} {cm}^{3}$ [11]	$4 \cdot 10^{- 26} {cm}^{3}$ [14]
Refractive index	$n_{0}$	1.82 [1]
Frequency of transition $1 \to 0$	$ν_{10}$	$1.84 \times 10^{13} s^{- 1}$ [1]	$6.00 \times 10^{13} s^{- 1}$ [1]
Frequency of transition $2 \to 1$	$ν_{21}$	$2.91 \times 10^{14} s^{- 1}$ [1]	$2.82 \times 10^{14} s^{- 1}$ [1]
Frequency of transition $3 \to 2$	$ν_{32}$	$8.91 \times 10^{12} s^{- 1}$ [1]	$3.02 \times 10^{13} s^{- 1}$ [1]
Frequency of transition $4 \to 2$	$ν_{42}$		$2.82 \times 10^{14} s^{- 1}$ [10]
Absorption cross section	$σ_{03}$	$7.7 \times 10^{- 21} {cm}^{2}$ [1]	$7.7 \times 10^{- 20} {cm}^{2}$ [1]
Emission cross section	$σ_{21}$	$2.1 \times 10^{- 20} {cm}^{2}$ [1]	$2.8 \times 10^{- 19} {cm}^{2}$ [1]
Lifetime of the upper laser level	$τ_{21}$	$0.951 ms$ [1]	$0.23 ms$ [1]
Up-conversion coefficient	$α_{up - conv}$		$5 \times 10^{- 17} {cm}^{3} s^{- 1}$ [10]
Thermal expansion coefficient	$α_{T}$	$7.5 \times 10^{- 6} K^{- 1}$ [1]
Thermo-optic coefficient	$\partial n ∕ \partial T$	$7.3 \times 10^{- 6} K^{- 1}$ [1], $9 \times 10^{- 6} K^{- 1}$ [10]
Effective thermo-optic coefficient (for rods)	${(d n ∕ d T)}_{eff}$	$10^{- 5} K^{- 1}$ [2]
Density	ρ	$4.56 g \cdot {cm}^{- 3}$ [1]
Specific heat	$C_{p}$	$0.59 J \cdot g^{- 1} \cdot K^{- 1}$ [1]
Thermal conductivity	K	$0.065 W \cdot {cm}^{- 1} \cdot K^{- 1}$ [19] (for 9 at.%)	$0.1 W \cdot {cm}^{- 1} \cdot K^{- 1}$ [5] (for 1 at.%)
		$0.09 W \cdot {cm}^{- 1} \cdot K^{- 1}$ [19] (for 2 at.%)
Heat transfer coefficient	H	$2 W {cm}^{- 2} K^{- 1}$ [1]
Young modulus	E	$3.1 \times 10^{7} kg \cdot {cm}^{- 2}$ [1]
Tensile strength		$2 \times 10^{4} kg \cdot {cm}^{- 2}$ [1]
Poisson ratio	ν	0.3 [1]
Active ion concentration at 1% doping		$1.38 \times 10^{20} {cm}^{- 3}$ [1]
Simulated parameters of laser elements
Doping concentration for rods		2 at.%	1 at.%
Doping concentration for disks		9 at.%	1 at.%
Length of the rods	L	$15 mm$
Thickness of CW-pumped disks	L	$0.1 - 0.8 mm$
Thickness of pulse-pumped disks	L	$0.3 mm$
Pump power for rods in CW mode	P	$20 W$
Pump power for rods in pulse mode	P	$40 W$
Pump power for disks	P	$1 kW$
Pump radius for disks	$w_{p}$	$4 mm$
Pump radius for rods in CW mode	$w_{p}$	$0.1 - 0.9 mm$
Pump radius for rods in pulse mode	$w_{p}$	$0.5 mm$
Constant characterizing ASE in rods	$γ_{ASE}$	$(2.2 \div 178.0) \times 10^{- 24} {cm}^{3}$
Constant characterizing ASE in disks	$γ_{ASE}$	$(3.3 \div 26.4) \times 10^{- 22} {cm}^{3}$

Abstract

Cited By

Figures (6)

Tables (1)

Equations (26)

Journal of the Optical Society of America B