The strong blue $476\mathrm{nm}$ cooperative upconversion luminescence of ytterbium ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}–{\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}$ clusters in ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}$ -doped oxyfluoride glass was studied. The strength of this luminescence was found to be about 100 times greater than that of Yb(3): zirconium, barium, lanthanum, aluminum, and sodium fluoride glass. Such a large enhancement of cooperative upconversion blue luminescence efficiency results from better coupled ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}–{\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}$ clusters, less cross relaxation, increased concentration of ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}$ activators, nonsaturation effect, and better upconversion luminescence efficiency. Interestingly, the quadruple–quadruple interaction or exchange interaction seems to exert a stronger action than the dipole–dipole interaction. Meanwhile there apparently exists a large energy transfer from a single ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}$ ion or a coupled ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}–{\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}$ cluster to a ${\mathrm{Ho}}^{3+}$ ion, leading to a dramatic decline in the intensity of the upconversion luminescence of ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}–{\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}$ clusters in an ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}–{\mathrm{Ho}}^{3+}$ codoped oxyfluoride glass.

© 2006 Optical Society of America

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