The ultraviolet (UV) laser irradiation (248 nm) of monocrystalline wurtzite ZnO with 450 fs pulses results in surface modification. A formation of two orthogonal ripple structures with a period of 400–500 nm was observed oriented parallel and perpendicular to the laser beam polarization. The UV exciton emission obtained on the irradiated domains is found greatly enhanced locally up to $\sim {10}^3$ times. The photoluminescence band is redshifted by 2–3 nm and 40% narrower (full width at half-maximum), while at the same time the $E_2$ $\left(439{\text{cm}}^{-1}\right)$ Raman band intensity increases up to $\sim 50$ times. The process is found irreversible with the threshold fluence of $11\text{\hspace{0.17em} mJ}/{\text{cm}}^2$ , which is considerably lower than the ablation threshold $115\text{\hspace{0.17em} mJ}/{\text{cm}}^2$ . Fine surface nanostructuring on the scale of $\sim 10\text{\hspace{0.17em} nm}$ may be responsible for the observed effect. © 2008 Optical Society of America

© 2010 Optical Society of America

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