Birefringence and dispersion of cylindrically polarized modes in nanobore photonic crystal fiber

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.28.000193

Birefringence and dispersion of cylindrically polarized modes in nanobore photonic crystal fiber

T. G. Euser, M. A. Schmidt, N. Y. Joly, C. Gabriel, C. Marquardt, L. Y. Zang, M. Förtsch, P. Banzer, A. Brenn, D. Elser, M. Scharrer, G. Leuchs, and P. St.J. Russell »View Author Affiliations

JOSA B, Vol. 28, Issue 1, pp. 193-198 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.28.000193

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Abstract

We demonstrate experimentally and theoretically that a nanoscale hollow channel placed centrally in the solid-glass core of a photonic crystal fiber strongly enhances the cylindrical birefringence (the modal index difference between radially and azimuthally polarized modes). Furthermore, it causes a large split in group velocity and group velocity dispersion. We show analytically that all three parameters can be varied over a wide range by tuning the diameters of the nanobore and the core.

OCIS Codes
(230.6120) Optical devices : Spatial light modulators
(060.5295) Fiber optics and optical communications : Photonic crystal fibers

ToC Category:
Fiber Optics and Optical Communications

History
Original Manuscript: September 24, 2010
Manuscript Accepted: November 12, 2010
Published: December 22, 2010

Virtual Issues
January 7, 2011 Spotlight on Optics

Citation
T. G. Euser, M. A. Schmidt, N. Y. Joly, C. Gabriel, C. Marquardt, L. Y. Zang, M. Förtsch, P. Banzer, A. Brenn, D. Elser, M. Scharrer, G. Leuchs, and P. St.J. Russell, "Birefringence and dispersion of cylindrically polarized modes in nanobore photonic crystal fiber," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 28, 193-198 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/josab/abstract.cfm?URI=josab-28-1-193

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References

R. Dorn, S. Quabis, and G. Leuchs, “Sharper focus for a radially polarized light beam,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 233901 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
W. Chen and Q. Zhang, “Realization of an evanescent Bessel beam via surface plasmon interference excited by a radially polarized beam,” Opt. Lett. 34, 722–724 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
T. Lan, J. He, and C. Tien, “Versatile excitation of localized surface plasmon polaritons via spatially modulated polarized focus,” in Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, OSA Technical Digest Series (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2010), paper QMD5.
M. Michihata, T. Hayashi, and Y. Takaya, “Measurement of axial and transverse trapping stiffness of optical tweezers in air using a radially polarized beam,” Appl. Opt. 48, 6143–6151 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
D. Lin, K. Xia, J. Li, R. Li, K. Ueda, G. Li, and X. Li, “Efficient, high-power, and radially polarized fiber laser,” Opt. Lett. 35, 2290–2292 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
J. T. Barreiro, T. C. Wei, and P. G. Kwiat, “Remote preparation of single-photon “hybrid” entangled and vector-polarization states,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 030407 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
C. Gabriel, A. Aiello, W. Zhong, T. G. Euser, N. Y. Joly, P. Banzer, M. Förtsch, D. Elser, U. L. Andersen, C. Marquardt, P. St. J. Russell, and G. Leuchs, “Hybrid-entanglement in continuous variable systems,” http://arxiv.org/abs/1007.1322.
T. Kuga, Y. Torii, N. Shiokawa, T. Hirano, Y. Shimizu, and H. Sasada, “Novel optical trap of atoms with a doughnut beam,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 4713–4716 (1997). [CrossRef]
J. Yin and Y. Zhu, “Doughnut-beam-induced Sisyphus cooling in atomic guiding and collimation,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15, 25–33(1998). [CrossRef]
V. G. Niziev and A. V. Nesterov, “Influence of beam polarization on laser cutting efficiency,” J. Phys. D 32, 1455–1461 (1999). [CrossRef]
A. A. Ishaaya, B. Shim, C. J. Hensley, S. Schrauth, A. L. Gaeta, and K. W. Koch, “Efficient excitation of polarization vortices in a photonic bandgap fiber with ultrashort laser pulses,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference and Photonic Applications Systems Technologies, OSA Technical Digest Series (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2008), paper CThV3. [PubMed]
T. G. Euser, G. Whyte, M. Scharrer, J. S. Y. Chen, A. Abdolvand, J. Nold, C. F. Kaminski, and P. St. J. Russell, “Dynamic control of higher-order modes in hollow-core photonic crystal fibers,” Opt. Express 16, 17972–17981 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. Ishaaya, C. J. Hensley, B. Shim, S. Schrauth, K. W. Koch, and A. L. Gaeta, “Highly-efficient coupling of linearly- and radially-polarized femtosecond pulses in hollow-core photonic band-gap fibers,” Opt. Express 17, 18630–18637 (2009). [CrossRef]
S. Ramachandran, P. Kristensen, and M. F. Yan, “Generation and propagation of radially polarized beams in optical fibers,” Opt. Lett. 34, 2525–2527 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
V. Pureur, J. C. Knight, and B. T. Kuhlmey, “Higher order guided mode propagation in solid-core photonic bandgap fibers,” Opt. Express 18, 8906–8915 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. L. Hu, C. Y. Wang, Y. J. Song, Y. F. Li, L. Chai, E. E. Serebryannikov, and A. M. Zheltikov, “A hollow beam from a holey fiber,” Opt. Express 14, 4128–4134 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
G. S. Wiederhecker, C. M. B. Cordeiro, F. Couny, F. Benabid, S. A. Maier, J. C. Knight, C. H. B. Cruz, and H. L. Fragnito, “Field enhancement within an optical fibre with a subwavelength air core,” Nat. Photon. 1, 115–118 (2007). [CrossRef]
P. St. J. Russell, “Photonic-crystal fibers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 24, 4729–4749 (2006). [CrossRef]
W. Wadsworth, N. Joly, J. Knight, T. Birks, F. Biancalana, and P. St. J. Russell, “Supercontinuum and four-wave mixing with Q-switched pulses in endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fibres,” Opt. Express 12, 299–309 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
M. Stalder and M. Schadt, “Linearly polarized light with axial symmetry generated by liquid-crystal polarization converters,” Opt. Lett. 21, 1948–1950 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
H.-T. Shang, “Chromatic dispersion measurement by white-light interferometry on metre-length single-mode optical fibres,” Electron. Lett. 17, 603–605 (1981). [CrossRef]
J. W. Fleming, “Dispersion in GeO2 –SiO2 glasses,” Appl. Opt. 23, 4486–4493 (1984). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
A. W. Snyder and J. D. Love, Optical Waveguide Theory(Chapman and Hall, 1983).
P. Yeh, A. Yariv, and E. Marom, “Theory of Bragg fiber,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 68, 1196–1201 (1978). [CrossRef]
H. W. Lee, M. A. Schmidt, H. K. Tyagi, L. P. Semprere, and P. St. J. Russell, “Polarization-dependent coupling to plasmon modes on submicron gold wire in photonic crystal fiber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 111102 (2008). [CrossRef]
M. A. Schmidt, N. Granzow, N. Da, M. Peng, L. Wondraczek, and P. St. J. Russell, “All-solid bandgap guiding in tellurite-filled silica photonic crystal fibers,” Opt. Lett. 34, 1946–1948 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
S. W. Hell and J. Wichmann, “Breaking the diffraction resolution limit by stimulated emission: stimulated-emission-depletion fluorescence microscopy,” Opt. Lett. 19, 780–782 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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[1] R. Dorn, S. Quabis, and G. Leuchs, “Sharper focus for a radially polarized light beam,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 233901 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[2] W. Chen and Q. Zhang, “Realization of an evanescent Bessel beam via surface plasmon interference excited by a radially polarized beam,” Opt. Lett. 34, 722–724 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[3] T. Lan, J. He, and C. Tien, “Versatile excitation of localized surface plasmon polaritons via spatially modulated polarized focus,” in Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, OSA Technical Digest Series (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2010), paper QMD5.

[4] M. Michihata, T. Hayashi, and Y. Takaya, “Measurement of axial and transverse trapping stiffness of optical tweezers in air using a radially polarized beam,” Appl. Opt. 48, 6143–6151 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[5] D. Lin, K. Xia, J. Li, R. Li, K. Ueda, G. Li, and X. Li, “Efficient, high-power, and radially polarized fiber laser,” Opt. Lett. 35, 2290–2292 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[6] J. T. Barreiro, T. C. Wei, and P. G. Kwiat, “Remote preparation of single-photon “hybrid” entangled and vector-polarization states,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 030407 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[7] C. Gabriel, A. Aiello, W. Zhong, T. G. Euser, N. Y. Joly, P. Banzer, M. Förtsch, D. Elser, U. L. Andersen, C. Marquardt, P. St. J. Russell, and G. Leuchs, “Hybrid-entanglement in continuous variable systems,” http://arxiv.org/abs/1007.1322.

[8] T. Kuga, Y. Torii, N. Shiokawa, T. Hirano, Y. Shimizu, and H. Sasada, “Novel optical trap of atoms with a doughnut beam,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 4713–4716 (1997). [CrossRef]

[9] J. Yin and Y. Zhu, “Doughnut-beam-induced Sisyphus cooling in atomic guiding and collimation,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15, 25–33(1998). [CrossRef]

[10] V. G. Niziev and A. V. Nesterov, “Influence of beam polarization on laser cutting efficiency,” J. Phys. D 32, 1455–1461 (1999). [CrossRef]

[11] A. A. Ishaaya, B. Shim, C. J. Hensley, S. Schrauth, A. L. Gaeta, and K. W. Koch, “Efficient excitation of polarization vortices in a photonic bandgap fiber with ultrashort laser pulses,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference and Photonic Applications Systems Technologies, OSA Technical Digest Series (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2008), paper CThV3. [PubMed]

[12] T. G. Euser, G. Whyte, M. Scharrer, J. S. Y. Chen, A. Abdolvand, J. Nold, C. F. Kaminski, and P. St. J. Russell, “Dynamic control of higher-order modes in hollow-core photonic crystal fibers,” Opt. Express 16, 17972–17981 (2008). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[13] A. Ishaaya, C. J. Hensley, B. Shim, S. Schrauth, K. W. Koch, and A. L. Gaeta, “Highly-efficient coupling of linearly- and radially-polarized femtosecond pulses in hollow-core photonic band-gap fibers,” Opt. Express 17, 18630–18637 (2009). [CrossRef]

[14] S. Ramachandran, P. Kristensen, and M. F. Yan, “Generation and propagation of radially polarized beams in optical fibers,” Opt. Lett. 34, 2525–2527 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[15] V. Pureur, J. C. Knight, and B. T. Kuhlmey, “Higher order guided mode propagation in solid-core photonic bandgap fibers,” Opt. Express 18, 8906–8915 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[16] M. L. Hu, C. Y. Wang, Y. J. Song, Y. F. Li, L. Chai, E. E. Serebryannikov, and A. M. Zheltikov, “A hollow beam from a holey fiber,” Opt. Express 14, 4128–4134 (2006). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[17] G. S. Wiederhecker, C. M. B. Cordeiro, F. Couny, F. Benabid, S. A. Maier, J. C. Knight, C. H. B. Cruz, and H. L. Fragnito, “Field enhancement within an optical fibre with a subwavelength air core,” Nat. Photon. 1, 115–118 (2007). [CrossRef]

[18] P. St. J. Russell, “Photonic-crystal fibers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 24, 4729–4749 (2006). [CrossRef]

[19] W. Wadsworth, N. Joly, J. Knight, T. Birks, F. Biancalana, and P. St. J. Russell, “Supercontinuum and four-wave mixing with Q-switched pulses in endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fibres,” Opt. Express 12, 299–309 (2004). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[20] M. Stalder and M. Schadt, “Linearly polarized light with axial symmetry generated by liquid-crystal polarization converters,” Opt. Lett. 21, 1948–1950 (1996). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[21] H.-T. Shang, “Chromatic dispersion measurement by white-light interferometry on metre-length single-mode optical fibres,” Electron. Lett. 17, 603–605 (1981). [CrossRef]

[22] J. W. Fleming, “Dispersion in GeO2 –SiO2 glasses,” Appl. Opt. 23, 4486–4493 (1984). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[23] A. W. Snyder and J. D. Love, Optical Waveguide Theory(Chapman and Hall, 1983).

[24] P. Yeh, A. Yariv, and E. Marom, “Theory of Bragg fiber,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 68, 1196–1201 (1978). [CrossRef]

[25] H. W. Lee, M. A. Schmidt, H. K. Tyagi, L. P. Semprere, and P. St. J. Russell, “Polarization-dependent coupling to plasmon modes on submicron gold wire in photonic crystal fiber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 111102 (2008). [CrossRef]

[26] M. A. Schmidt, N. Granzow, N. Da, M. Peng, L. Wondraczek, and P. St. J. Russell, “All-solid bandgap guiding in tellurite-filled silica photonic crystal fibers,” Opt. Lett. 34, 1946–1948 (2009). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

[27] S. W. Hell and J. Wichmann, “Breaking the diffraction resolution limit by stimulated emission: stimulated-emission-depletion fluorescence microscopy,” Opt. Lett. 19, 780–782 (1994). [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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Birefringence and dispersion of cylindrically polarized modes in nanobore photonic crystal fiber