Abstract
We report on the structural, morphological, and luminescent properties of nanofibers synthesized by a hydrothermal method as a function of the solvent composition ethanol/water. The average length and diameter of the nanofibers ranges from 1.1 to , and from 50 to , respectively. A cubic crystalline structure was obtained, and no effect of the solvent was observed. However, the increment of OHs, because of the increment of water, modifies the quality of the nanofibers. Such impurities improve the emission bands under 940 and excitation, especially the red band, via multiphonon relaxation. Relaxation dynamics is explained, based on direct and back energy transfer, multiphonon relaxation, and cross-relaxation. The direct energy transfer coefficients (, , and ) calculated by the proposed theoretical model point out the fact that upconverted emissions are notably favored by the increment of OHs. The energy backtransfer () and cross-relaxation () coefficients depend only on the ion concentration and not on the OH content.
© 2011 Optical Society of America
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