Wavelengths of the <?Pub Caret?>3d6(5D)4s
 a6D−3d5(6S)4s4p y6P
 multiplet of Fe II (UV 8)

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.28.000737

Wavelengths of the 3d⁶(⁵D)4s a⁶D−3d⁵(⁶S)4s4p y⁶P multiplet of Fe II (UV 8)

Gillian Nave and Craig J. Sansonetti »View Author Affiliations

JOSA B, Vol. 28, Issue 4, pp. 737-745 (2011)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.28.000737

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Abstract

We investigate the wavenumber scale of Fe I and Fe II lines using new spectra recorded with Fourier transform spectroscopy and a reanalysis of archival spectra. We find that standards in Ar II, Mg I, Mg II, and Ge I give a consistent wavenumber calibration. We use the recalibrated spectra to derive accurate wavelengths for the $a {}^{6}D - y {}^{6}P$ multiplet of Fe II (UV 8) using both directly measured lines and Ritz wavelengths. Lines from this multiplet are important for astronomical tests of the invariance of the fine-structure constant on a cosmological time scale. We recommend a wavelength of $1608.45081 Å$ with one standard deviation uncertainty of $0.00007 Å$ for the $a {{}^{6}D}_{9 / 2} - y {{}^{6}P}_{7 / 2}$ transition.

OCIS Codes
(300.6210) Spectroscopy : Spectroscopy, atomic
(300.6300) Spectroscopy : Spectroscopy, Fourier transforms
(300.6540) Spectroscopy : Spectroscopy, ultraviolet

ToC Category:
Spectroscopy

History
Original Manuscript: November 29, 2010
Revised Manuscript: January 18, 2011
Manuscript Accepted: January 18, 2011
Published: March 15, 2011

Virtual Issues
April 14, 2011 Spotlight on Optics

Citation
Gillian Nave and Craig J. Sansonetti, "Wavelengths of the 3d⁶(⁵D)4s a⁶D−3d⁵(⁶S)4s4p y⁶P multiplet of Fe II (UV 8)," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 28, 737-745 (2011)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/josab/abstract.cfm?URI=josab-28-4-737

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References

P. J. Mohr, B. N. Taylor, and D. B. Newell, “The 2006 CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants” (Web Version 5.2). Available: http://physics.nist.gov/constants [2010, May 11]. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 (2007).
M. T. Murphy, J. K. Webb, and V. V. Flambaum, “Further evidence for a variable fine-structure constant from Keck/HIRES QSO absorption spectra,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 345, 609-638 (2003). [CrossRef]
H. Chand, R. Srianand, P. Petitjean, B. Aracil, R. Quast, and D. Reimers, “Variation of the fine-structure constant: very high resolution spectrum of QSO HE 0515-4414,” Astron. Astrophys. 451, 45-56 (2006). [CrossRef]
V. A. Dzuba, V. V. Flambaum, and J. K. Webb, “Space-time variation of physical constants and relativistic corrections in atoms,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 888-891 (1999). [CrossRef]
J. N. Bahcall, W. L. W. Sargent, and M. Schmidt, “An analysis of the absorption spectrum of 3c 191,” Astrophys. J. 149, L11-L15 (1967). [CrossRef]
J. C. Pickering, A. P. Thorne, and J. K. Webb, “Precise laboratory wavelengths of the Mg I and Mg II resonance transitions at 2853, 2803 and 2796 Angstroms,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 300, 131-134 (1998). [CrossRef]
M. Aldenius, S. Johansson, and M. T. Murphy, “Accurate laboratory ultraviolet wavelengths for quasar absorption-line constraints on varying fundamental constants,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 370, 444-452 (2006). [CrossRef]
M. Aldenius, “Laboratory wavelengths for cosmological constraints on varying fundamental constants,” Phys. Scr. T134, 014008 (2009). [CrossRef]
E. J. Salumbides, S. Hannemann, K. S. E. Eikema, and W. Ubachs, “Isotopically resolved calibration of the 285 nm Mg I resonance line for comparison with quasar absorptions,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 373, L41-L44 (2006). [CrossRef]
S. Hannemann, E. J. Salumbides, S. Witte, R. T. Zinkstok, E.-J. van Duijn, K. S. E. Eikema, and W. Ubachs, “Frequency metrology on the Mg3s2S1-->3s4pP1 line for comparison with quasar data,” Phys. Rev. A 74, 012505 (2006). [CrossRef]
V. Batteiger, S. Knünz, M. Herrmann, G. Saathoff, H. A. Schüssler, B. Bernhardt, T. Wilken, R. Holzwarth, T. W. Hänsch, and T. Udem, “Precision spectroscopy of the 3s-3p fine-structure doublet in Mg+,” Phys. Rev. A 80, 022503 (2009). [CrossRef]
M. T. Murphy, J. K. Webb, and V. V. Flambaum, “Further evidence for a variable fine-structure constant from Keck/HIRES QSO absorption spectra,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 345, 609-638 (2003). [CrossRef]
G. Nave and C. J. Sansonetti, “Reference wavelengths in the spectra of Fe, Ge, and Pt in the region near 1935 Å,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 21, 442-453 (2004). [CrossRef]
G. Nave, S. Johansson, and A. P. Thorne, “Precision vacuum-ultraviolet wavelengths of Fe II measured by Fourier-transform and grating spectrometry,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 14, 1035-1042(1997). [CrossRef]
S. Johansson, “The spectrum and term system of Fe II,” Phys. Scr. 18, 217-265 (1978). [CrossRef]
J. C. Pickering, M. P. Donnelly, H. Nilsson, A. Hibbert, and S. Johansson, “The FERRUM project: experimental oscillator strengths of the UV 8 multiplet and other UV transitions from the yP6 levels of Fe II,” Astron. Astrophys. 396, 715-722(2002). [CrossRef]
V. Kaufman and K. L. Andrew, “Germanium vacuum ultraviolet Ritz standards,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 52, 1223-1237 (1962). [CrossRef]
R. C. M. Learner and A. P. Thorne, “Wavelength calibration of Fourier-transform emission spectra with applications to Fe I,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 5, 2045-2059 (1988). [CrossRef]
G. Nave, R. C. M. Learner, A. P. Thorne, and C. J. Harris, “Precision Fe I and Fe II wavelengths in the ultraviolet spectrum of the iron-neon hollow-cathode lamp,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 8, 2028-2041 (1991). [CrossRef]
A. P. Thorne, C. J. Harris, I. Wynne-Jones, R. C. M. Learner, and G. Cox, “A Fourier transform spectrometer for the vacuum ultraviolet: design and performance,” J. Phys. E 20, 54-60 (1987). [CrossRef]
U. Griesmann, R. Kling, J. H. Burnett, and L. Bratasz, “NIST FT700 vacuum ultraviolet Fourier transform spectrometer: applications in ultraviolet spectrometry and radiometry,” Proc. SPIE 3818, 180-188 (1999). [CrossRef]
J. W. Brault and M. C. Abrams, “DECOMP: a Fourier transform spectra decomposition program,” in High-Resolution Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, Vol. 6 of OSA Technical Digest Series (Optical Society of America, 1989), pp. 110-112.
G. Nave, C. J. Sansonetti, and U. Griesmann, “Progress on the NIST IR-vis-UV Fourier transform spectrometer,” in Fourier Transform Spectroscopy: Methods and Applications, Vol. 3 of OSA Technical Digest Series (Optical Society of America, 1997), pp. 38-40.
G. Norlén, “Wavelengths and energy levels of Ar I and Ar II based on new interferometric measurements in the region 3400-9800 Å,” Phys. Scr. 8, 249-268 (1973). [CrossRef]
W. Whaling, W. H. C. Anderson, M. T. Carle, J. W. Brault, and H. A. Zarem, “Argon ion linelist and level energies in the hollow-cathode discharge,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 53, 1-22 (1995). [CrossRef]
A. G. Maki and J. S. Wells, “New wavenumber calibration tables from heterodyne frequency measurements,” J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 97, 409-470 (1992).
R. C. M. Learner, A. P. Thorne, I. Wynne-Jones, J. W. Brault, and M. C. Abrams, “Phase correction of emission line Fourier transform spectra,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 12, 2165-2171 (1995). [CrossRef]
National Solar Observatory, “Digital library,” http://diglib.nso.edu/nso_user.html.
A. E. Kramida, “The program LOPT for least-squares optimization of energy levels,” Comput. Phys. Commun. 182, 419-434(2011). [CrossRef]
V. Kaufman, “Wavelengths, energy levels, and pressure shifts in mercury 198,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 52, 866-870 (1962). [CrossRef]
S. H. Emara, “Wavelength shifts in Hg198 as a function of temperature,” J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 65A, 473-474 (1961).
M. L. Salit, C. J. Sansonetti, D. Veza, and J. C. Travis, “Investigation of single-factor calibration of the wave-number scale in Fourier-transform spectroscopy,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 21, 1543-1550 (2004). [CrossRef]
C. J. Sansonetti and D. Veza, “Doppler-free measurement of the 546 nm line of mercury,” J. Phys. B 43, 205003 (2010). [CrossRef]

Astron. Astrophys.

H. Chand, R. Srianand, P. Petitjean, B. Aracil, R. Quast, and D. Reimers, “Variation of the fine-structure constant: very high resolution spectrum of QSO HE 0515-4414,” Astron. Astrophys. 451, 45-56 (2006). [CrossRef]
J. C. Pickering, M. P. Donnelly, H. Nilsson, A. Hibbert, and S. Johansson, “The FERRUM project: experimental oscillator strengths of the UV 8 multiplet and other UV transitions from the yP6 levels of Fe II,” Astron. Astrophys. 396, 715-722(2002). [CrossRef]

Astrophys. J.

J. N. Bahcall, W. L. W. Sargent, and M. Schmidt, “An analysis of the absorption spectrum of 3c 191,” Astrophys. J. 149, L11-L15 (1967). [CrossRef]

Comput. Phys. Commun.

A. E. Kramida, “The program LOPT for least-squares optimization of energy levels,” Comput. Phys. Commun. 182, 419-434(2011). [CrossRef]

J. Opt. Soc. Am.

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A

R. C. M. Learner, A. P. Thorne, I. Wynne-Jones, J. W. Brault, and M. C. Abrams, “Phase correction of emission line Fourier transform spectra,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 12, 2165-2171 (1995). [CrossRef]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B

J. Phys. B

C. J. Sansonetti and D. Veza, “Doppler-free measurement of the 546 nm line of mercury,” J. Phys. B 43, 205003 (2010). [CrossRef]

J. Phys. E

A. P. Thorne, C. J. Harris, I. Wynne-Jones, R. C. M. Learner, and G. Cox, “A Fourier transform spectrometer for the vacuum ultraviolet: design and performance,” J. Phys. E 20, 54-60 (1987). [CrossRef]

J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer

W. Whaling, W. H. C. Anderson, M. T. Carle, J. W. Brault, and H. A. Zarem, “Argon ion linelist and level energies in the hollow-cathode discharge,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 53, 1-22 (1995). [CrossRef]

J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand.

S. H. Emara, “Wavelength shifts in Hg198 as a function of temperature,” J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 65A, 473-474 (1961).

J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.

A. G. Maki and J. S. Wells, “New wavenumber calibration tables from heterodyne frequency measurements,” J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 97, 409-470 (1992).

Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.

M. T. Murphy, J. K. Webb, and V. V. Flambaum, “Further evidence for a variable fine-structure constant from Keck/HIRES QSO absorption spectra,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 345, 609-638 (2003). [CrossRef]
E. J. Salumbides, S. Hannemann, K. S. E. Eikema, and W. Ubachs, “Isotopically resolved calibration of the 285 nm Mg I resonance line for comparison with quasar absorptions,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 373, L41-L44 (2006). [CrossRef]
J. C. Pickering, A. P. Thorne, and J. K. Webb, “Precise laboratory wavelengths of the Mg I and Mg II resonance transitions at 2853, 2803 and 2796 Angstroms,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 300, 131-134 (1998). [CrossRef]
M. Aldenius, S. Johansson, and M. T. Murphy, “Accurate laboratory ultraviolet wavelengths for quasar absorption-line constraints on varying fundamental constants,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 370, 444-452 (2006). [CrossRef]
M. T. Murphy, J. K. Webb, and V. V. Flambaum, “Further evidence for a variable fine-structure constant from Keck/HIRES QSO absorption spectra,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 345, 609-638 (2003). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. A

S. Hannemann, E. J. Salumbides, S. Witte, R. T. Zinkstok, E.-J. van Duijn, K. S. E. Eikema, and W. Ubachs, “Frequency metrology on the Mg3s2S1-->3s4pP1 line for comparison with quasar data,” Phys. Rev. A 74, 012505 (2006). [CrossRef]
V. Batteiger, S. Knünz, M. Herrmann, G. Saathoff, H. A. Schüssler, B. Bernhardt, T. Wilken, R. Holzwarth, T. W. Hänsch, and T. Udem, “Precision spectroscopy of the 3s-3p fine-structure doublet in Mg+,” Phys. Rev. A 80, 022503 (2009). [CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. Lett.

V. A. Dzuba, V. V. Flambaum, and J. K. Webb, “Space-time variation of physical constants and relativistic corrections in atoms,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 888-891 (1999). [CrossRef]

Phys. Scr.

M. Aldenius, “Laboratory wavelengths for cosmological constraints on varying fundamental constants,” Phys. Scr. T134, 014008 (2009). [CrossRef]
S. Johansson, “The spectrum and term system of Fe II,” Phys. Scr. 18, 217-265 (1978). [CrossRef]
G. Norlén, “Wavelengths and energy levels of Ar I and Ar II based on new interferometric measurements in the region 3400-9800 Å,” Phys. Scr. 8, 249-268 (1973). [CrossRef]

Proc. SPIE

U. Griesmann, R. Kling, J. H. Burnett, and L. Bratasz, “NIST FT700 vacuum ultraviolet Fourier transform spectrometer: applications in ultraviolet spectrometry and radiometry,” Proc. SPIE 3818, 180-188 (1999). [CrossRef]

Other

J. W. Brault and M. C. Abrams, “DECOMP: a Fourier transform spectra decomposition program,” in High-Resolution Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, Vol. 6 of OSA Technical Digest Series (Optical Society of America, 1989), pp. 110-112.
G. Nave, C. J. Sansonetti, and U. Griesmann, “Progress on the NIST IR-vis-UV Fourier transform spectrometer,” in Fourier Transform Spectroscopy: Methods and Applications, Vol. 3 of OSA Technical Digest Series (Optical Society of America, 1997), pp. 38-40.
P. J. Mohr, B. N. Taylor, and D. B. Newell, “The 2006 CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants” (Web Version 5.2). Available: http://physics.nist.gov/constants [2010, May 11]. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 (2007).
National Solar Observatory, “Digital library,” http://diglib.nso.edu/nso_user.html.

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[1] P. J. Mohr, B. N. Taylor, and D. B. Newell, “The 2006 CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants” (Web Version 5.2). Available: http://physics.nist.gov/constants [2010, May 11]. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 (2007).

[2] M. T. Murphy, J. K. Webb, and V. V. Flambaum, “Further evidence for a variable fine-structure constant from Keck/HIRES QSO absorption spectra,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 345, 609-638 (2003). [CrossRef]

[3] H. Chand, R. Srianand, P. Petitjean, B. Aracil, R. Quast, and D. Reimers, “Variation of the fine-structure constant: very high resolution spectrum of QSO HE 0515-4414,” Astron. Astrophys. 451, 45-56 (2006). [CrossRef]

[4] V. A. Dzuba, V. V. Flambaum, and J. K. Webb, “Space-time variation of physical constants and relativistic corrections in atoms,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 888-891 (1999). [CrossRef]

[5] J. N. Bahcall, W. L. W. Sargent, and M. Schmidt, “An analysis of the absorption spectrum of 3c 191,” Astrophys. J. 149, L11-L15 (1967). [CrossRef]

[6] J. C. Pickering, A. P. Thorne, and J. K. Webb, “Precise laboratory wavelengths of the Mg I and Mg II resonance transitions at 2853, 2803 and 2796 Angstroms,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 300, 131-134 (1998). [CrossRef]

[7] M. Aldenius, S. Johansson, and M. T. Murphy, “Accurate laboratory ultraviolet wavelengths for quasar absorption-line constraints on varying fundamental constants,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 370, 444-452 (2006). [CrossRef]

[8] M. Aldenius, “Laboratory wavelengths for cosmological constraints on varying fundamental constants,” Phys. Scr. T134, 014008 (2009). [CrossRef]

[9] E. J. Salumbides, S. Hannemann, K. S. E. Eikema, and W. Ubachs, “Isotopically resolved calibration of the 285 nm Mg I resonance line for comparison with quasar absorptions,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 373, L41-L44 (2006). [CrossRef]

[10] S. Hannemann, E. J. Salumbides, S. Witte, R. T. Zinkstok, E.-J. van Duijn, K. S. E. Eikema, and W. Ubachs, “Frequency metrology on the Mg3s2S1-->3s4pP1 line for comparison with quasar data,” Phys. Rev. A 74, 012505 (2006). [CrossRef]

[11] V. Batteiger, S. Knünz, M. Herrmann, G. Saathoff, H. A. Schüssler, B. Bernhardt, T. Wilken, R. Holzwarth, T. W. Hänsch, and T. Udem, “Precision spectroscopy of the 3s-3p fine-structure doublet in Mg+,” Phys. Rev. A 80, 022503 (2009). [CrossRef]

[12] M. T. Murphy, J. K. Webb, and V. V. Flambaum, “Further evidence for a variable fine-structure constant from Keck/HIRES QSO absorption spectra,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 345, 609-638 (2003). [CrossRef]

[13] G. Nave and C. J. Sansonetti, “Reference wavelengths in the spectra of Fe, Ge, and Pt in the region near 1935 Å,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 21, 442-453 (2004). [CrossRef]

[14] G. Nave, S. Johansson, and A. P. Thorne, “Precision vacuum-ultraviolet wavelengths of Fe II measured by Fourier-transform and grating spectrometry,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 14, 1035-1042(1997). [CrossRef]

[15] S. Johansson, “The spectrum and term system of Fe II,” Phys. Scr. 18, 217-265 (1978). [CrossRef]

[16] J. C. Pickering, M. P. Donnelly, H. Nilsson, A. Hibbert, and S. Johansson, “The FERRUM project: experimental oscillator strengths of the UV 8 multiplet and other UV transitions from the yP6 levels of Fe II,” Astron. Astrophys. 396, 715-722(2002). [CrossRef]

[17] V. Kaufman and K. L. Andrew, “Germanium vacuum ultraviolet Ritz standards,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 52, 1223-1237 (1962). [CrossRef]

[18] R. C. M. Learner and A. P. Thorne, “Wavelength calibration of Fourier-transform emission spectra with applications to Fe I,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 5, 2045-2059 (1988). [CrossRef]

[19] G. Nave, R. C. M. Learner, A. P. Thorne, and C. J. Harris, “Precision Fe I and Fe II wavelengths in the ultraviolet spectrum of the iron-neon hollow-cathode lamp,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 8, 2028-2041 (1991). [CrossRef]

[20] A. P. Thorne, C. J. Harris, I. Wynne-Jones, R. C. M. Learner, and G. Cox, “A Fourier transform spectrometer for the vacuum ultraviolet: design and performance,” J. Phys. E 20, 54-60 (1987). [CrossRef]

[21] U. Griesmann, R. Kling, J. H. Burnett, and L. Bratasz, “NIST FT700 vacuum ultraviolet Fourier transform spectrometer: applications in ultraviolet spectrometry and radiometry,” Proc. SPIE 3818, 180-188 (1999). [CrossRef]

[22] J. W. Brault and M. C. Abrams, “DECOMP: a Fourier transform spectra decomposition program,” in High-Resolution Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, Vol. 6 of OSA Technical Digest Series (Optical Society of America, 1989), pp. 110-112.

[23] G. Nave, C. J. Sansonetti, and U. Griesmann, “Progress on the NIST IR-vis-UV Fourier transform spectrometer,” in Fourier Transform Spectroscopy: Methods and Applications, Vol. 3 of OSA Technical Digest Series (Optical Society of America, 1997), pp. 38-40.

[24] G. Norlén, “Wavelengths and energy levels of Ar I and Ar II based on new interferometric measurements in the region 3400-9800 Å,” Phys. Scr. 8, 249-268 (1973). [CrossRef]

[25] W. Whaling, W. H. C. Anderson, M. T. Carle, J. W. Brault, and H. A. Zarem, “Argon ion linelist and level energies in the hollow-cathode discharge,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 53, 1-22 (1995). [CrossRef]

[26] A. G. Maki and J. S. Wells, “New wavenumber calibration tables from heterodyne frequency measurements,” J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 97, 409-470 (1992).

[27] R. C. M. Learner, A. P. Thorne, I. Wynne-Jones, J. W. Brault, and M. C. Abrams, “Phase correction of emission line Fourier transform spectra,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 12, 2165-2171 (1995). [CrossRef]

[28] National Solar Observatory, “Digital library,” http://diglib.nso.edu/nso_user.html.

[29] A. E. Kramida, “The program LOPT for least-squares optimization of energy levels,” Comput. Phys. Commun. 182, 419-434(2011). [CrossRef]

[30] V. Kaufman, “Wavelengths, energy levels, and pressure shifts in mercury 198,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 52, 866-870 (1962). [CrossRef]

[31] S. H. Emara, “Wavelength shifts in Hg198 as a function of temperature,” J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 65A, 473-474 (1961).

[32] M. L. Salit, C. J. Sansonetti, D. Veza, and J. C. Travis, “Investigation of single-factor calibration of the wave-number scale in Fourier-transform spectroscopy,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 21, 1543-1550 (2004). [CrossRef]

[33] C. J. Sansonetti and D. Veza, “Doppler-free measurement of the 546 nm line of mercury,” J. Phys. B 43, 205003 (2010). [CrossRef]

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Wavelengths of the 3d⁶(⁵D)4s a⁶D−3d⁵(⁶S)4s4p y⁶P multiplet of Fe II (UV 8)