Simple schemes for universal quantum gates with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

• Liu-Yong Cheng, Hong-Fu Wang, and Shou Zhang
• received 03/26/2013; accepted 05/17/2013; posted 05/17/2013; Doc. ID 187812
• [full text: PDF (427) KB)]
• Abstract: We propose efficient schemes for universal quantum gates with thephoton polarization states and electron spin states ofnitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond embedded in opticalmicrocavity. A hybrid polarization-spin controlled-NOT (CNOT) gateand a two-qubit controlled phase gate between NV centers inseparated cavities are demonstrated in the weak-coupling regimewithout complex devices or interaction. The gates presented here aredeterministic and can be applied directly to a variety of quantum information processing tasks. The feasibility analyses show that our schemes can be accomplished with high fidelity undercurrent technologies and have wide potential applications inquantum communication and computation fields.

Keywords (OCIS):

• (230.5750) Optical devices : Resonators
• (270.5580) Quantum optics : Quantum electrodynamics
• (270.5585) Quantum optics : Quantum information and processing

Effective permittivity and third order nonlinear susceptibility for a dilute composite consisting of partially aligned nanorods

• Yedidya Lior and Dan Marom
• received 02/20/2013; accepted 05/15/2013; posted 05/20/2013; Doc. ID 185561
• [full text: PDF (1942) KB)]
• Abstract: The expected permittivity and third order nonlinear susceptibility of a composite consisting of semiconductor nanorods dispersed in a polymer host is derived using a generalized Maxwell-Garnett model under various nanorod axis orientation statistics, achieved by an aligning electric field. The semiconductor nanorods are analyzed as prolate spheroids and modeled as more realistic capsule shapes. From the angular distribution function of the nanorods, the composite macroscopic characteristics are found for low filling fractions. As the alignment field strength increases, the composite optical properties asymptotically converge towards the nematic case. Aligning fields of order 10^7 V/m are required for the optical properties to increase to half the value between random orientation and nematic array composites.

Keywords (OCIS):

• (160.4330) Materials : Nonlinear optical materials
• (160.4236) Materials : Nanomaterials

Pulse front distortions caused by primary aberrations

• Zoltan Horvath, Balazs Major, Attila Kovacs, and Zsolt Bor
• received 04/12/2013; accepted 05/14/2013; posted 05/17/2013; Doc. ID 188727
• [full text: PDF (2656) KB)]
• Abstract: A wave optical description of the effect of the primary aberrations on the temporal and spatial shape of an ultrashort pulse is presented. The calculations are based on the diffraction theory of aberrations investigated by Nijboer and Zernike, leading to an effective numerical treatment of Seidel aberrations. The explicit form of the recurrence relations for the coefficients of the circular polynomial expansion are published, as far as we know, for the first time. Comparisons between the results of wave optical and geometrical optical formulas are shown. The appearance of boundary diffraction wave pulse, known from the aberration-free case, is also demonstrated.

Keywords (OCIS):

• (220.1010) Optical design and fabrication : Aberrations (global)
• (260.1960) Physical optics : Diffraction theory
• (320.0320) Ultrafast optics : Ultrafast optics
• (320.2250) Ultrafast optics : Femtosecond phenomena

High order optical harmonic generation in ionization-free regime: origin of the process

• A. Andreev, S. Stremoukhov, and O. Shouktova
• received 01/24/2013; accepted 05/14/2013; posted 05/14/2013; Doc. ID 184160
• [full text: PDF (517) KB)]
• Abstract: We present a new interpretation of the high order optical harmonic generation (HHG) in atomic gases interacting with laser fields. The mechanism of harmonic generation is due to the temporal evolution of atomic electron density spatialdistribution in the external laser field; and the integral energy on a high harmonic emission and an electron excitation is equal to the work executed by laser field for electron motion in the intra-atomic potential field. The proposed interpretation is based on the use of basis of eigenfunctions of boundary value problem for ``an atom in the external field". As an illustration, we present the original results of computer simulations on an Argon atom interaction with the two-color laser field formed by the fundamental and the second harmonics of Ti:Sapphire laser. The results of numerical calculations demonstrate the presence of odd and even harmonics in the HHG spectra. The harmonic yields strongly depend on the laser field parameters (the intensity and the temporal width of laser field components, delay time between the pulses, their chirp, and the angle between the polarization vectors of laser field components). Variation of these parameters provides the effective method of the HHG spectrum control.

Keywords (OCIS):

• (020.1670) Atomic and molecular physics : Coherent optical effects
• (190.7110) Nonlinear optics : Ultrafast nonlinear optics
• (320.2250) Ultrafast optics : Femtosecond phenomena
• (320.7110) Ultrafast optics : Ultrafast nonlinear optics

Detector and dispersive delay calibration issues in broadband 2D electronic spectroscopy

• Ramunas Augulis and Donatas Zigmantas
• received 03/19/2013; accepted 05/14/2013; posted 05/14/2013; Doc. ID 187347
• [full text: PDF (437) KB)]
• Abstract: Precision of two-dimensional (2D) electronic spectroscopy can be affected by imprecise calibration of the optical spectrometer and coherence time delay line. This would result in the 2D spectral lineshapes with twisted phase, where absorptive and dispersive parts of the signal are mixed and unrecoverable. We demonstrate two efficient and easily implementable techniques for precise spectrometer and wedge-based delay line calibration that assure acquisition of correct spectral phase in 2D spectroscopy measurements.

Keywords (OCIS):

• (120.3180) Instrumentation, measurement, and metrology : Interferometry
• (300.6240) Spectroscopy : Spectroscopy, coherent transient
• (300.6290) Spectroscopy : Spectroscopy, four-wave mixing
• (300.6300) Spectroscopy : Spectroscopy, Fourier transforms
• (300.6310) Spectroscopy : Spectroscopy, heterodyne
• (300.6530) Spectroscopy : Spectroscopy, ultrafast

Multi-material loops metasurface: hybridized building block

• Babak Memarzadeh and Hossein Mosallaei
• received 03/13/2013; accepted 05/13/2013; posted 05/14/2013; Doc. ID 186721
• [full text: PDF (2219) KB)]
• Abstract: Plasmonic nano loops has been shown to be a capable candidate for creating building blocks of metasurfaces to manipulate the light in desired ways. Multi-material loop metasurfaces offer astonishing design flexibility for various purposes. Concentric loops can couple to each other strongly or weakly based on the relevant designs. The low-coupled multi-material loops can be employed as a frequency selective surface with number of separated bands. On the other hand one can take advantage of high coupling between the loops to achieve two different resonances; one will be a very high Q and sensitive mode and the other a radiating wideband low-loss resonance. In both resonances the building block has a sub-wavelength size. Here the performance of periodic array of multi-material loops is investigated by means of finite-difference time-domain technique. Based on the performance of a single plasmonic loop building block with general Drude material the behavior of the multi-material loop metasurface is investigated. We show how choosing the proper materials can control the resonances characteristics. The performance of multi-material loops is studied by utilizing the induced net dipole moments on the concentric loops and appearance of Fano-like resonance in the high-coupled case is demonstrated. Moreover, the large field enhancement as a result of a subradiant resonance is studied. The sensitivity of the structure to the spacer layer permittivity and loss are investigated in details.

Keywords (OCIS):

• (240.6680) Optics at surfaces : Surface plasmons
• (260.3160) Physical optics : Interference
• (160.3918) Materials : Metamaterials
• (250.5403) Optoelectronics : Plasmonics

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031Solution of the Bethe-Salpeter Equation in a Non-Diffusive Random Medium Having Large Scatterers

• Vaibhav Gaind, Dergan Lin, and Kevin Webb
• received 11/21/2012; accepted 05/12/2013; posted 05/13/2013; Doc. ID 180347
• [full text: PDF (323) KB)]
• Abstract: 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031We present a formalism for solving the scalar Bethe-Salpeterequation (BSE) in the non-diffusive regime under the ladderapproximation and for an infinite randomly scattering medium havingscatterers of size on the order of or larger than the wavelength. Wecompare the information content in a wave transport model (the BSE) with that in energy-based transport, the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE), in thespatial frequency domain. Our results suggest that when absorption dominates scatter, the intensity Green's function from a BTE model issimilar to the field correlation Green's function from a BSEsolution. When scatter dominates loss, there are significantdifferences between the BTE and BSE representations, and the BTE solutions appear to be smoothed versions of those from the BSE. Therefore, field correlation measures, perhaps extracted from intensitycorrelations over frequency and space, offer significantly more information than a mean-intensity measurement in the weaklyscattering and non-diffusive regime. Our work provides a mathematicalframework for electric field correlation-based imaging methods basedon the BSE that hold promise in, for example, near-surface tissue imaging.

Keywords (OCIS):

• (030.1670) Coherence and statistical optics : Coherent optical effects
• (030.6140) Coherence and statistical optics : Speckle
• (030.6600) Coherence and statistical optics : Statistical optics
• (290.5825) Scattering : Scattering theory

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031Thermometric study of CO2-laser heated optical fibers in excess of 1700 ºC using fiber Bragg gratings

• Patrik Holmberg and Michael Fokine
• received 03/12/2013; accepted 05/11/2013; posted 05/13/2013; Doc. ID 186870
• [full text: PDF (3132) KB)]
• Abstract: 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031The thermal response of optical fibers during CO₂ laser irradiation has been characterized using thermally stable short period fiber Bragg gratings, referred to as chemical composition gratings. CO₂ laser beam profiling was performed by scanning the beam across a 1 mm long grating, providing a spatial resolution given by the fiber diameter. The thermal dynamics during square pulse irradiation have been recorded for temperatures in excess of 1700 °C, with heating and cooling rates as high as 10500 °C/s and 6500 ºC/s, respectively.

Keywords (OCIS):

• (120.6810) Instrumentation, measurement, and metrology : Thermal effects
• (130.6010) Integrated optics : Sensors
• (140.3390) Lasers and laser optics : Laser materials processing
• (140.3470) Lasers and laser optics : Lasers, carbon dioxide
• (160.2750) Materials : Glass and other amorphous materials
• (060.3735) Fiber optics and optical communications : Fiber Bragg gratings

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031Symmetric and asymmetric solitons in dual-core couplers with competing quadratic and cubic nonlinearities

• Lazar Gubeskys and Boris Malomed
• received 03/13/2013; accepted 05/10/2013; posted 05/13/2013; Doc. ID 187002
• [full text: PDF (719) KB)]
• Abstract: 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031We consider the model of a dual-core spatial-domain coupler with quadratic (chi^(2)) and cubic (chi^(3)) nonlinearities acting in two parallel cores. We demonstrate the existence of families of symmetric andasymmetric solitons in the system with the self-defocusing chi^(3) terms, and test their stability. The transition from symmetric to asymmetric soliton branches, and back to the symmetric ones proceeds via a bifurcation loop. At low but finite powers, a pair of stable asymmetric branches emerge from the symmetric family via a supercritical bifurcation; eventually, the asymmetric branches merge back into the symmetric one through a reverse bifurcation. The existence of the loop is explainedsemi-analytically by means of an extended version of the cascading approximation for the chi^(2) interaction, which takes into regard the cross-phase-modulation (XPM) terms induced by the chi^(3) interaction. When the inter-core coupling is weak, the bifurcation loop features a concave shape, with the asymmetric branches losing their stability at the turning points (unstable asymmetric solitons spontaneously transform into breathers). In addition to the generic two-color solitons, which are built of the fundamental-frequency (FF) and second-harmonic (SH) components, in the case of the self-focusing chi^(3) nonlinearity we also consider single-color solitons, which contain only the SH component but may be subject to the parametric instability against FF perturbations. Asymmetricsingle-color solitons are always unstable, whereas the symmetric ones are stable, provided that they do not coexist with two-color counterparts. We study collisions between tilted solitons too, concluding that the collisions are quasi-elastic at small powers.

Keywords (OCIS):

• (190.0190) Nonlinear optics : Nonlinear optics
• (190.2620) Nonlinear optics : Harmonic generation and mixing
• (230.4320) Optical devices : Nonlinear optical devices
• (190.6135) Nonlinear optics : Spatial solitons

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031Analysis of shot noise in the detection of ultrashort optical pulse trains

• Franklyn Quinlan, Tara Fortier, Haifeng Jiang, and Scott Diddams
• received 02/08/2013; accepted 05/10/2013; posted 05/13/2013; Doc. ID 185050
• [full text: PDF (973) KB)]
• Abstract: 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031We present a frequency domain model of shot noise in the photodetection of ultrashort optical pulse trains using a time-varying analysis. Shot noise-limited photocurrent power spectral densities, signal-to-noise expressions, and shot noise spectral correlations are derived that explicitly include the finite response of the photodetector. It is shown that the strength of the spectral correlations in the shot noise depends on the optical pulse width, and that these correlations can create orders-of-magnitude imbalance between the shot noise-limited amplitude and phase noise of photonically generated microwave carriers. It is also shown that only by accounting for spectral correlations can shot noise be equated with the fundamental quantum limit in the detection of optical pulse-to-pulse timing jitter.

Keywords (OCIS):

• (040.5160) Detectors : Photodetectors
• (140.7090) Lasers and laser optics : Ultrafast lasers

Phase Control of Optical Bistability and Multistability via Spin Coherence in a Quantum Well Waveguide

• Seyyed Hossein Asadpour, Mohammad Jaberi, and Hamid Rahimpour Soleimani
• received 03/28/2013; accepted 05/10/2013; posted 05/20/2013; Doc. ID 187810
• [full text: PDF (452) KB)]
• Abstract: In a GaAs Quantum Well (QW) waveguide coupled by orthogonally polarized optical fields, the influence of spin coherence on the optical bistability and multistability is investigated. It is shown that optical bistability and multistability are very sensitive to the relative phase between applied fields.

Keywords (OCIS):

• (030.1670) Coherence and statistical optics : Coherent optical effects
• (190.1450) Nonlinear optics : Bistability

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031Experimental demonstration of slow self-collimated beams through a coupled zigzag-box resonator in a two-dimensional photonic crystal

• Sun-Goo Lee, Seong-Han Kim, Teun-Teun Kim, Jae-Eun Kim, Hae Yong Park, and Chul-Sik Kee
• received 02/28/2013; accepted 05/09/2013; posted 05/10/2013; Doc. ID 186200
• [full text: PDF (826) KB)]
• Abstract: 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031We report on the experimental realization of slow self-collimated beams by using a ten-coupled zigzag-box resonator in a two-dimensional photonic crystal. The speeds of the beams are reduced to less than $0.023~c$ at resonant frequencies where the transmission exhibit peak values. The dispersion relation and the group velocities of the beams in the coupled resonator are well described by the tight-binding model. Time domain simulations of self-collimated pulses passing though the coupled resonator are also performed to demonstrate the slowing down the speed of the pulses. Our result could be useful in implementing devices to control self-collimated beams in a time domain.

Keywords (OCIS):

• (260.2030) Physical optics : Dispersion
• (260.5950) Physical optics : Self-focusing
• (230.4555) Optical devices : Coupled resonators
• (230.5298) Optical devices : Photonic crystals

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031Two-dimensional intra-band solitons in lattice potentials with local defects andself-focusing nonlinearity

• Jianhua Zeng and Boris Malomed
• received 01/03/2013; accepted 05/06/2013; posted 05/07/2013; Doc. ID 182443
• [full text: PDF (722) KB)]
• Abstract: 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031It is commonly known that stable solitons in periodic potentials exist either in the semi-infinitespectral gap or in finite bandgaps. By means of numerical methods, we demonstrate that,under the action of the self-focusing nonlinearity, lattice defects in the form of “holes” supportcontinuous families of two-dimensional (2D) solitons embedded into the first two Bloch bandsof the linear spectrum, where solitons normally do not exist. The two families of the embeddeddefect solitons (EDSs) are linked by the branch of gap defect solitons (GDSs) populating thefirst finite bandgap. In turn, the family embedded into the first band links the GDSs with thebranch of regular defect-supported solitons populating the semi-infinite gap (SIG). The EDSs arestable in the first band, and partly stable in the second. They exist with the norm exceedinga minimum value, hence they do not originate from linear defect modes. Further, we demonstratethat double, triple and quadruple defects support stable dipole-mode solitons and vortices.The predicted intra-band solitons can be created in Bose-Einstein condensates and photonic lattices.

Keywords (OCIS):

• (190.5530) Nonlinear optics : Pulse propagation and temporal solitons
• (350.7420) Other areas of optics : Waves
• (020.1475) Atomic and molecular physics : Bose-Einstein condensates
• (230.5298) Optical devices : Photonic crystals

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031Spatial emission profiles at different interface orientations in third harmonic generation microscopy

• Uwe Petzold, Christian Wenski, Alexander Romanenko, and Thomas Halfmann
• received 02/04/2013; accepted 05/04/2013; posted 05/07/2013; Doc. ID 184559
• [full text: PDF (2689) KB)]
• Abstract: 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031We present experimental investigations, confirmed by numerical simulations on third harmonic generation microscopy at interfaces. In particular we study the variation of the emitted third harmonic intensity profile with the interface orientation. Our data show, that only at interfaces perpendicular to the direction of the fundamental laser beam, the generated third harmonic profile exhibits a single spot in forward direction. At interfaces parallel with the direction of the fundamental beam, the third harmonic intensity profile moves outside the forward direction and develops into a double-spot beam with large opening angle. As an important consequence for implementations of harmonic generation microscopy, the numerical aperture of the double-spot third harmonic beam exceeds the numerical aperture of the fundamental beam.

Keywords (OCIS):

• (190.4160) Nonlinear optics : Multiharmonic generation
• (190.4180) Nonlinear optics : Multiphoton processes
• (180.4315) Microscopy : Nonlinear microscopy

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031Theoretical method for states dynamics and entanglement optimization in bichromatically driven clusters of two and four resonantly interacting particles

• Irina Basiea
• received 02/15/2013; accepted 05/03/2013; posted 05/08/2013; Doc. ID 185459
• [full text: PDF (6127) KB)]
• Abstract: 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031Bichromatic laser pumping is an effective tool to control (e.g., to drive into an entangled state) solid state quantum bits of different nature. For clusters of resonantly interacting ions under bichromatic laser pumping, we present a theoretical approach and analytical solution for quantum states dynamics. The solution provides an optimal ratio of laser pulse intensities needed for creating the maximally entangled states and performing quantum gates. Numerical simulation corroborates the analytical results.

Keywords (OCIS):

• (000.6800) General : Theoretical physics
• (030.1670) Coherence and statistical optics : Coherent optical effects
• (140.5680) Lasers and laser optics : Rare earth and transition metal solid-state lasers
• (270.0270) Quantum optics : Quantum optics
• (270.1670) Quantum optics : Coherent optical effects
• (270.5585) Quantum optics : Quantum information and processing

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031Probing non-Abelian anyonic statistics with cold atom in optical lattice

• Sheng Liu and Zheng-Yuan Xue
• received 01/23/2013; accepted 05/02/2013; posted 05/03/2013; Doc. ID 184008
• [full text: PDF (565) KB)]
• Abstract: 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031We propose a scheme to probe the non-Abelian statistics of the collective anyonic excitation in Kitaev’s honeycomb model with cold atom in optical lattice. The generation of the anyonic excitation can be realized by a simple rotating operation acting on an effective spin-1/2 system, which is encoded in atomic hyperfine energy levels. The non-Abelian nature of the anyonic excitation is manifested by the braiding of four vortices, which leads to different operation on the subspace of degenerate ground states, and thus results in different final states. Here, by introducing an ancilla atom, the effective control over the lattice atoms can be realized and the final different states can also be imprinted on the ancilla and further distinguished by measurement.

Keywords (OCIS):

• (000.1600) General : Classical and quantum physics
• (140.3325) Lasers and laser optics : Laser coupling
• (270.5585) Quantum optics : Quantum information and processing

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031Photonic modes of a chain of nano-cylinders by the embedding method

• N. Giannakis, J. Inglesfield, A. Jastrzebski, and P. Young
• received 02/01/2013; accepted 05/02/2013; posted 05/03/2013; Doc. ID 184445
• [full text: PDF (703) KB)]
• Abstract: 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031The photonic band structure of a linear array of metallic nano-cylinders is calculated using the embedding method. The coupling to the vacuum on either side of the array is treated exactly, allowing the continuum states and plasmon broadening above the light-line to be treated accurately. In addition to the plasmon bands, which broaden at larger cylinder radius, there are two guided modes, with the character of surface plasmon polaritons. These split off the light-line at small wave-vector, becoming almost dispersionless as they enter the plasmon bands. The electric fields associated with the modes are calculated, and their symmetries are discussed.

Keywords (OCIS):

• (240.6680) Optics at surfaces : Surface plasmons
• (250.5403) Optoelectronics : Plasmonics

Tunable reflection based on electromagnetically induced transparency

• Xiao-Jun Zhang, Hai-Hua Wang, Zeng-Bin Wang, Xue Dong, Lei Wang, Li-Li Han, Yan Xu, Cheng-Zhi Liu, Cun-Bo Fan, and Jin-Yue Gao
• received 01/23/2013; accepted 05/02/2013; posted 05/16/2013; Doc. ID 180863
• [full text: PDF (415) KB)]
• Abstract: Detailed analysis on the tunable reflection based on the electromagnetically induced transparency is presented. We adopt the configuration of four-level atom driven by a bichromatic standing wave. The Maxwell-Liouville equations for the steady state are employed to describe the mechanics of the system, and numerically solved using the parameters of $^{87}$Rb in magneto-optical trap (MOT). The analytic solutions are also obtained, which lead to the conditions for getting the higher reflectivity. Theoretically, under such conditions, the reflectivity could be arranged as high as 90\% with the coherence decay rate already considered. The controllability of the reflectivity provided by adjusting the intensities and detunings of the coupling fields (the two components of the bichromatic standing wave) is investigated as well. The result shows that the two coupling fields can impact on the reflectivity differently, such feature allows us to control the reflectivity more flexibly.

Keywords (OCIS):

• (270.0270) Quantum optics : Quantum optics
• (270.1670) Quantum optics : Coherent optical effects

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031Ultrafast ellipsometric interferometry for direct detection of coherent-phonon strain pulse profiles

• Osamu Matsuda, Motonobu Tomoda, Takehiro Tachizaki, Shun Koiwa, Atsushi Ono, Kae Aoki, Ryan Beardsley, and Oliver Wright
• received 03/18/2013; accepted 04/30/2013; posted 05/08/2013; Doc. ID 187284
• [full text: PDF (513) KB)]
• Abstract: 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031We describe an ultrafast optical technique to quantitatively detect picosecond ultrasonic displacements of solid surfaces, thus giving access to the longitudinal strain pulse shape. Transient optical reflectance changes recorded at oblique optical incidence with an interferometric configuration based on ultrafast ellipsometry monitor GHz coherent-phonon pulses. We demonstrate for a tungsten film the quantitative extraction of the strain pulse shape free of distortions arising from the photoelastic effect, and analyze the results with the two-temperature model to obtain the electron-phonon coupling constant.

Keywords (OCIS):

• (120.3180) Instrumentation, measurement, and metrology : Interferometry
• (260.2130) Physical optics : Ellipsometry and polarimetry
• (310.6870) Thin films : Thin films, other properties
• (320.5390) Ultrafast optics : Picosecond phenomena
• (320.7150) Ultrafast optics : Ultrafast spectroscopy
• (260.7120) Physical optics : Ultrafast phenomena

Tensorial SF-FDTD approach for second and third-order nonlinear materials

• Jorge Francés, Jani Tervo, and Andrés Márquez
• received 03/06/2013; accepted 04/27/2013; posted 04/29/2013; Doc. ID 186477
• [full text: PDF (925) KB)]
• Abstract: The Split-Field Finite-Difference Time-Domain (SF-FDTD) method for one-dimensionally periodic structures is extended to include the coefficient-tensor description of second- and third-order nonlinear optical media. A set of nonlinear equations related to the split-field values of the electric field is first established. An iterative fixed-point approach for solving the coupled nonlinear system of equations needed to update the electric field components in SF-FDTD is then developed. The third-order nonlinear susceptibility dispersion is also considered by means of the Raman effect and its implementation in the SF-FDTD scheme. Different scenarios are considered in order to verify the reliability of the method for simulating second and third-order nonlinear optical media. Firstly, the second-harmonic generation and its efficiency is investigated in a homogeneous layer with and without the Quasi-Phase-Matching (QPM) technique. Secondly, the nonlinear dispersion is analyzed by means of the generation of solitons in Kerr media due to the Raman effect. Lastly, a set of binary phase gratings with nonlinear pillars are considered under oblique incidence. Here the nonlinear refractive index is generated by different physical mechanisms modeled with the non-scalar third-order susceptibility.

Keywords (OCIS):

• (050.1950) Diffraction and gratings : Diffraction gratings
• (190.4360) Nonlinear optics : Nonlinear optics, devices
• (050.1755) Diffraction and gratings : Computational electromagnetic methods