Scanning Laser Optical Tweezers(SLOT) is an optical instrument frequently employed on a microscope with laser being delivered through its various ports. In most SLOT systems, a mechanical tilt stage with a mirror on top is used to dynamically move the laser focal point in two-dimensions. The focal point acts as a tweezing spot, trapping nearby microscopic objects. By adding a mechanical translational stage with a lens, SLOT can be expanded to work in three-dimensions. When two mechanical stages operate together, the focal point can address a closed three-dimensional volume that we call a workspace. It would be advantageous to have a large workspace since it means one can trap and work on multiple objects without interruptions, such as translating the microscope stage. However, previous studies have paid less consideration of the volumetric size of the workspace. In this paper, we propose a new method for designing a SLOT such that its workspace is maximized through optimization. The proposed method utilizes a matrix based ray tracing method and genetic algorithm(GA). To demonstrate the performance of the proposed method, experimental results are shown.

© 2007 Optical Society of Korea

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5. B. A. Brown and P. R. Brown, "Optical tweezers: Theory and current applications," American Laboratory, vol. 33, no. 22, pp. 13-20, 2001
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7. V. Emiliani, D. Sanvitto, M. Zahid, F. Gerbal, and M. Coppey-Moisan, "Multi force optical tweezers to generate gradients of forces," Optics Express, vol. 12, no. 17, pp. 3906-3910, 2004 [CrossRef]
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12. A. H. Forster, M. M. Wang, W. F. Butler, M. Chachisvilis, T. D. Y. Chung, S. C. Esener, J. M. Hall, O. Kibar, K. Lykstad, P. J. Marchand, E. M. Mercer, L. M. Pestana, S. Sur, E. Tu, R. Yang, H. Zhang, and I. Kariv, "Use of moving optical gradient fields for analysis of apoptotic cellular responses in a chronic myeloid leukemia cell model," Analytical Biochemistry, vol. 327, no. 1, pp. 14-22, 2004 [CrossRef]
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14. S. U. Hwang, I. Y. Park, J. H. Song, T. W. LeBrun, N. G. Dagalakis, C. Gagnon, A. Balijepalli, and Y. G. Lee, "Three-dimensional scanning optical tweezers," Proc. of SPIE, vol. 6048, pp. 604803, Dec. 2005 [CrossRef]
15. I. Ono, S. Kobayashi, and K. Yoshida, "Global and multi-objective optimization for lens design by realcoded genetic algorithms," Proc. of SPIE, vol. 3482, pp. 110-121, Sep. 1998 [CrossRef]
16. J. Beaulieu, C. Gagne, and M. Parizeau, "Lens system design and re-engineering with evolutionary algorithms," Proc. of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computing Conference, pp. 155-162, 2002
17. Y. Purushottam, R. V. H. Prasad, and V. C. Misra, "Design of ultra-wide band multilayer slant linear polarizer using a genetic algorithm," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 119-112, 2001 [CrossRef]
18. E. Kerrinckx, L. Bigot, M. Douay, and Y. Quiquempois, "Photonic crystal fiber design by means of a genetic algorithm," Optics Express, vol. 12, no. 9, pp. 1990- 1995, 2004 [CrossRef]
19. D. Cojoc, E. D. Fabrizio, L. Businaro, S. Cabrinic, F. Romanatoa, and L. Vaccaria, "Design and fabrication of diffractive optical elements for optical tweezers arrays by means of e-beam lithography," Microelectronic Engineering, vol. 61-62, pp. 963-969, 2004 [CrossRef]
20. M. Gen and R. Cheng, Genetic Algorithms and Engineering Design (John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, USA, 1997)
21. F. L. Pedrotti and S. J. L. S. Pedrotti, Introduction to Optics, (Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA, 1993) Chapter 4

American Laboratory

• B. A. Brown and P. R. Brown, "Optical tweezers: Theory and current applications," American Laboratory, vol. 33, no. 22, pp. 13-20, 2001

Analytical Biochemistry

• A. H. Forster, M. M. Wang, W. F. Butler, M. Chachisvilis, T. D. Y. Chung, S. C. Esener, J. M. Hall, O. Kibar, K. Lykstad, P. J. Marchand, E. M. Mercer, L. M. Pestana, S. Sur, E. Tu, R. Yang, H. Zhang, and I. Kariv, "Use of moving optical gradient fields for analysis of apoptotic cellular responses in a chronic myeloid leukemia cell model," Analytical Biochemistry, vol. 327, no. 1, pp. 14-22, 2004 [CrossRef]

Applied Optics

• M. M. Wang, C. A. Schnable, M. Chachisvilis, R. Yang, M. J. Paliotti, L. A. Simons, L. McMullin, N. Hagen, K. Lykstad, E. Tu, L. M. Pestana, S. Sur, H. Zhang, W. F. Butler, I. Kariv, and P. J. Marchand, "Optical forces for noninvasive cellular analysis," Applied Optics, vol. 42, no. 28, pp. 5765-5773, 2004 [CrossRef]
• E. Fallman and O. Axner, "Design for fully steerable dual-trap optical tweezers," Applied Optics, vol. 36, no. 10, pp. 2107-2113, 1997 [CrossRef]

Biophysical Journal

• A. Ashkin, "Forces of a single-beam gradient laser trap on a dielectric sphere in the ray optics regime," Biophysics Journal, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 569-582, 1992 [CrossRef]

Microelectronic Engineering

• D. Cojoc, E. D. Fabrizio, L. Businaro, S. Cabrinic, F. Romanatoa, and L. Vaccaria, "Design and fabrication of diffractive optical elements for optical tweezers arrays by means of e-beam lithography," Microelectronic Engineering, vol. 61-62, pp. 963-969, 2004 [CrossRef]

Microwave and Optical Technology Letters

• Y. Purushottam, R. V. H. Prasad, and V. C. Misra, "Design of ultra-wide band multilayer slant linear polarizer using a genetic algorithm," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 119-112, 2001 [CrossRef]

nanotoday

• K. Dholakia and P. Reece, "Optical micromanipulation takes hold," Nanotoday, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 18-27, 2006 [CrossRef]

Nature

• A. Ashkin, J. M. Dziedzic, and T. Yamane, "Optical trapping and manipulation of single cells using infraredlaser beams," Nature, vol. 330, no. 6150, pp. 769-771, 1987 [CrossRef]
• D. G. Grier, "A revolution in optical manipulation," Nature, vol. 424, no. 6950, pp. 810-816, 2003 [CrossRef]

Optics Express

• V. Emiliani, D. Sanvitto, M. Zahid, F. Gerbal, and M. Coppey-Moisan, "Multi force optical tweezers to generate gradients of forces," Optics Express, vol. 12, no. 17, pp. 3906-3910, 2004 [CrossRef]
• E. Kerrinckx, L. Bigot, M. Douay, and Y. Quiquempois, "Photonic crystal fiber design by means of a genetic algorithm," Optics Express, vol. 12, no. 9, pp. 1990- 1995, 2004 [CrossRef]

Proc. of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computing Conference

• J. Beaulieu, C. Gagne, and M. Parizeau, "Lens system design and re-engineering with evolutionary algorithms," Proc. of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computing Conference, pp. 155-162, 2002

Proc. SPIE

• S. U. Hwang and Y. G. Lee, "Topology optimization of optical tweezers setup," Proc. of SPIE, vol. 5650, pp. 408-417, Dec. 2004 [CrossRef]
• I. Y. Park, S. U. Hwang, J. H. Song, and Y. G. Lee, "Grasping microscopic objects by an optical trapping system controlled by five finger tips," Proc. of SPIE, vol. 5930, pp. 59301Z-1, Aug. 2005 [CrossRef]
• S. U. Hwang, I. Y. Park, J. H. Song, T. W. LeBrun, N. G. Dagalakis, C. Gagnon, A. Balijepalli, and Y. G. Lee, "Three-dimensional scanning optical tweezers," Proc. of SPIE, vol. 6048, pp. 604803, Dec. 2005 [CrossRef]
• I. Ono, S. Kobayashi, and K. Yoshida, "Global and multi-objective optimization for lens design by realcoded genetic algorithms," Proc. of SPIE, vol. 3482, pp. 110-121, Sep. 1998 [CrossRef]

Rev. Sci. Instrum

• C. Mio, T. Gong, A. Terray, and D. W. M. Marr, "Design of a scanning laser optical trap for multiparticle manipulation," Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 71, no. 5, pp. 2196-2200, 2000 [CrossRef]
• K. C. Neuman and S. M. Block,"Optical trapping," Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 75, no. 9, pp. 2787-2810, 2004 [CrossRef]

Other

• M. Gen and R. Cheng, Genetic Algorithms and Engineering Design (John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, USA, 1997)
• F. L. Pedrotti and S. J. L. S. Pedrotti, Introduction to Optics, (Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA, 1993) Chapter 4

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