Simultaneous determination of concentrations for four major components in human blood serum was investigated using a Fourier-transform mid-infrared spectroscopy. Infrared spectra of human blood serum were measured in 8.404 ∼ 10.25 <TEX>${\mu}m$</TEX> range where the highest absorption peaks of glucose are located. A partial least square (PLS) algorithm was utilized to establish a calibration model for determining total protein, albumin, globulin and glucose levels which are commonly measured metabolites. The standard error of cross validation obtained from our multivariate calibration model was 0.24 g/dL for total protein, 0.15 g/dL for albumin, 0.17 g/dL for globulin, and 6.68 mg/dL for glucose, which are comparable with or meet the criteria for clinical use. The results indicate that the infrared absorption spectroscopy can be used to predict the concentrations of clinically important metabolites without going through a chemical process with a reagent.

© 2003 Optical Society of Korea

1. G. Budinova, J. Salva, and K. Volka, "Application of Molecular Spectroscopy in the Mid-Infrared Region to the Determination of Glucose and Cholesterol in Whole Blood and in Blood Serum," Appl. Spectrosc., vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 631-639, 1997 [CrossRef]
2. G. Janatsch, and J. D. Kruse-Jarres, "Multivariate calibration for assays in clinical chemistry using attenuated total reflection infrared spectra of human blood plasma," Anal. Chem., vol. 61, p. 2016, 1989 [CrossRef]
3. F. Cadet, C. Robert, and B. Offmann, "Simultaneous Determination of Sugars by Multivariate Analysis Applied to Mid-Infrared Spectra of Biological Samples," Appl. Spectrosc., vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 369-375, 1997 [CrossRef]
4. R Vonach, J. Buschmann, R. Falkowski, R. Schindler, B. Lendl, and R. Kellner, "Application of MidInfrared Transmission Spectrometry to the Direct Determination of Glucose in Whole Blood," Appl. Specirosc., vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 820-822, 1998 [CrossRef]
5. H. M. Heise and R.Marbach, "Human oral mucosa studies with varying blood glucose concentration by non-invasive ATR-FT-IR-Spectroscopy," Cellular and Molecular Biology, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 899-912, 1998
6. N. A. Cingo, G. W. Small, and M. A. Arnold, "Determination of glucose in a synthetic biological matrix with decimated time-domain filtered near-infrared interferogram data," Vib. Spec., vol. 23, pp. 103-117, 2000 [CrossRef]
7. I. Amato, "In Search of Human Touch," Science, vol. 258, no. 5085, pp. 892-895, 1992 [CrossRef]
8. M. A. Arnold, G. W. Small, "Determination of physiological levels of glucose in an aqueous matrix with digitally filtered Fourier transform near-infrared spectra," Anal. Chem., vol. 62, no. 14, pp. 1457-1464 (1990) [CrossRef]
9. R. A. Shaw and H. H. Mantsch, "Multianalyte Serum Assays from Mid-IR Spectra of Dry Films on Glass Slides," Appl. Specirosc., vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 885-889, 2000 [CrossRef]
10. H. Martens and T. Naes, Multivariate Calibration (John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1989), pp. 1-30
11. R. Kramer, Chemometric Techniques for Quantitative Analysis (Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1998) pp.1-8
12. H. M. Heise, Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Biological Materials, U-H Gremlich and B. Yan Eds., (Marcel Dekker, New York, 2001), pp. 259-322
13. O. S. Khalil, "Spectroscopic and Clinical Aspects of Noninvasive Glucose Measurements," Clin. Chem., vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 165-177, 1999
14. S. Sasic and Y. Ozaki, "Statistical Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy: Its Theory and Applications to Sets of Vibrational Spectra," Anal. Chem., vol. 73, no. 10, pp. 2294-2301, 2001 [CrossRef]
15. C. A. Burtis and E. R. Ashwood, Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry (3rd edition, W.B. Saunders Co., 1999) pp. 375-377

analytical chemistry

• G. Janatsch, and J. D. Kruse-Jarres, "Multivariate calibration for assays in clinical chemistry using attenuated total reflection infrared spectra of human blood plasma," Anal. Chem., vol. 61, p. 2016, 1989 [CrossRef]
• M. A. Arnold, G. W. Small, "Determination of physiological levels of glucose in an aqueous matrix with digitally filtered Fourier transform near-infrared spectra," Anal. Chem., vol. 62, no. 14, pp. 1457-1464 (1990) [CrossRef]
• S. Sasic and Y. Ozaki, "Statistical Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy: Its Theory and Applications to Sets of Vibrational Spectra," Anal. Chem., vol. 73, no. 10, pp. 2294-2301, 2001 [CrossRef]

Applied Spectroscopy

• G. Budinova, J. Salva, and K. Volka, "Application of Molecular Spectroscopy in the Mid-Infrared Region to the Determination of Glucose and Cholesterol in Whole Blood and in Blood Serum," Appl. Spectrosc., vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 631-639, 1997 [CrossRef]
• R. A. Shaw and H. H. Mantsch, "Multianalyte Serum Assays from Mid-IR Spectra of Dry Films on Glass Slides," Appl. Specirosc., vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 885-889, 2000 [CrossRef]
• F. Cadet, C. Robert, and B. Offmann, "Simultaneous Determination of Sugars by Multivariate Analysis Applied to Mid-Infrared Spectra of Biological Samples," Appl. Spectrosc., vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 369-375, 1997 [CrossRef]
• R Vonach, J. Buschmann, R. Falkowski, R. Schindler, B. Lendl, and R. Kellner, "Application of MidInfrared Transmission Spectrometry to the Direct Determination of Glucose in Whole Blood," Appl. Specirosc., vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 820-822, 1998 [CrossRef]

Cellular and Molecular Biology

• H. M. Heise and R.Marbach, "Human oral mucosa studies with varying blood glucose concentration by non-invasive ATR-FT-IR-Spectroscopy," Cellular and Molecular Biology, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 899-912, 1998

Clin. Chem.

• O. S. Khalil, "Spectroscopic and Clinical Aspects of Noninvasive Glucose Measurements," Clin. Chem., vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 165-177, 1999

Science

• I. Amato, "In Search of Human Touch," Science, vol. 258, no. 5085, pp. 892-895, 1992 [CrossRef]

Vibrational Spectroscopy

• N. A. Cingo, G. W. Small, and M. A. Arnold, "Determination of glucose in a synthetic biological matrix with decimated time-domain filtered near-infrared interferogram data," Vib. Spec., vol. 23, pp. 103-117, 2000 [CrossRef]

Other

• H. Martens and T. Naes, Multivariate Calibration (John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1989), pp. 1-30
• R. Kramer, Chemometric Techniques for Quantitative Analysis (Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1998) pp.1-8
• H. M. Heise, Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Biological Materials, U-H Gremlich and B. Yan Eds., (Marcel Dekker, New York, 2001), pp. 259-322
• C. A. Burtis and E. R. Ashwood, Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry (3rd edition, W.B. Saunders Co., 1999) pp. 375-377

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